Spinal tuberculosis is curable disease, and early diagnosis is mandatory for early treatment. We reviewedconventional radiographies and CT from Histopathologically confirmed 30 cases of spinal tuberculosis, and comparedthese findings with radiologic findings from 2 cases of pyogenic spondylitis and 4 cases of meastasis. The resultswere as follows: 1. The frequnet site of involvement were thoracolumbar juntion and low lumbar vertebrae, and themost frequent type is multisegmented subligamentous type (93.3%). 2. CT was not of great use in the diferentaldiagnosis of the tuberculosis. Dominant CT findings of tuberculous spondylitis were anterior vertebral bodydestruction, paravertebral soft-tissue mass and thick walled abscess formation occasionally containingcalcification and disc space narrowing, in the setting of an indolent or relatively benign course. 3. CT is thebest modality for imaging the extent and anatomy of the destructive process, the degree of canal encroachment, andthe change of adjacent vital structure. So CT was particularily useful in pre-operative planing of debridement andstabilization surgery. 4. The most common causes of neurologic manifestations in tuberculous spondylitis were thecompression of spinal cord by sequestrated bony fragments and disc material, granulation tissue or abscess in thespinal canal.
Abscess ; Debridement ; Early Diagnosis ; Granulation Tissue ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Spinal Cord ; Spondylitis ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Spinal

No Abstract Available.
Female ; Mammaplasty*

We retrospectively evaluated the characteristic computed tomographic (CT) findings in nine patients with exohepatic hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) pathologically prove by surgery(n=2) or percutaneous needle biopsy(n=7). The CT findings of exohepatic HCC were correlated with clinical findings and compared with those of usual HCC Lesions were in the left lobe lobe(n=7) and right lobe(n=2) of the liver. All lesions showed a well-marginated hypodense mass with capsular enhancement on enhanced CT scan. The patterns of capsular enhancement were complete in five and partial in four cases. The portal vein thrombosis was seen only in one case. There was no difference between exohepatic HCC and usual HCC in clinical findings such as increased α-fetoprotein(α-FP), positive Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg), and underlying liver cirrhosis. In conclusion, the CT findings of exohepatic HCC were a well-defined hypodense mass with complete or partial capsular enhancement and these findings may be useful in differentiation from the tumors of adjacent organs.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Hepatitis B ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Needles ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Venous Thrombosis

Spontaneous epidural hematomas (SEHs) of the lumbar spine are rare. The pathogenesis is not entirely clear, but several reports have suggested that bleeding originating in the venous epidural plexus is the cause. This is the second report of a SEH thought to be the result of facet joint hemorrhage with no previous synovial cyst formation. A magnetic resonance image revealed a mass beginning in the left epidural space and continuing through to the left L5-S1 facet joint. Surgically, the epidural hematoma, which was covered by a very thin translucent membrane, was visualized directly. A histopathological examination revealed the wall of the epidural hematoma to be composed of very thin fibrous connective tissue with no synovium lining. The purpose of this study was to report a case of an epidural hematoma originated from lumbar facet joint, diagnosed by radiological examination, and to present a review of the subject literature.
Connective Tissue ; Epidural Space ; Hematoma* ; Hemorrhage ; Membranes ; Spine ; Synovial Cyst ; Synovial Membrane ; Zygapophyseal Joint*

Disc fragment migration occurs in 35%-72% of lumbar disc herniations. Most of the herniated disc fragments migrate in the rostal, caudal and lateral directions. Posterior epidural disc fragment migration is a rare finding and posterior migration causing Cauda Equina syndrome is exceptionally rare. We report here on two cases of L4-5 disc fragment posterior epidural migration that caused Cauda Equina syndrome, and this was diagnosed by performing radiological examination, and we also include a review of the related literature.
Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Polyradiculopathy

To evaluate left ventricular diastolic function in patients with coronary artery disease, gate radionuclide ventriculography was performed prospectively in 42 patients who were admitted to Seoul National University Hospital from November 1985 to August 1986 because of anterior chest pain. All patients had no valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia, and no abnormal vall motion in gated nuclide ventriculography and contrast left ventriculography. 25 patients with more than 50% of stenosis in coronary arteriography were compared with 17 control subjects without stenosis. The following results were obtained; 1) There were no significant differences between normal controls and patients with coronary artery disease in the analysis of the parameters of the left ventricular systolic function, such as ejection fraction (EF), peak ejection rate (PER), time to peak ejection rate (TPER) and ejection time (TES, TES/BCL). 2) Same results were found with those of the left vnetricular diastolic function, such as peak filling rate (PFR), diastolic time interval (DTI, DTI/BCL), rapid diastolic filling interval and time to late diastolic filling (TLDF). 3) The percent contribution of late diastolic filling to stroke volume (%LDF/SV) was more increased in patients with coronary artery disease than the normal control subjects (38.2+/-12.4% vs 28.3+/-7.8%, P<0.01). 4) As the results of above, it can be concluded that the percent contribution of late diastolic filling to stroke volume (%LDF/SV) obtained by using the non-invasive method of gated radionuclide ventriculography can be a sensitive parameter for early evaluation of the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in coronary artery disease.
Angiography ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Cardiomyopathies ; Chest Pain ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Gated Blood-Pool Imaging ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Radionuclide Ventriculography ; Seoul ; Stroke Volume

OBJECTIVE: Recent neuroimaging studies have shown a strong involvement of the cortex as well as brainstem locomotor center in locomotion. In the present study, cortical activity during constant stepping was investigated using electroencephalography (EEG). METHOD: Five healthy volunteers participated in this study. Sixty-four channel EEG was measured for 10 min while the participants performed constant stepping on a cadence of 100 rpm (50 cycles per 1 min) using a recumbent stepper. Surface electromyography (EMG) was also measured at the bilateral vastus medialis muscles. Each stepping cycle was epoched from the onset of EMG signal of the right vastus medialis muscle. Averaged event-related potentials (ERP) and event-related spectral perturbations (ERSP) of all subjects were calculated at all EEG channels. RESULTS: Periodic change of ERP was centered on the CZ and FPZ electrodes. While ERP at the CZ started to increase at 200 and 800 ms, ERP at the FPZ started to increase at -50 and 600 ms. ERSP was remarkable at the CZ during stepping cycles. According to the stepping cycle, power increases were pronounced at low-gamma frequency band and also observed at beta band. CONCLUSION: This study showed cortical activity during constant stepping using EEG in healthy participants. Periodic cortical activities were remarkable at the sensorimotor cortex area, and precedent activities were observed at the prefrontal area. EEG measurement during stepping on a recumbent stepper may be a valuable tool in investigating cortical activates related to walking in patients with gait disorders.
Brain Stem ; Electrodes ; Electroencephalography* ; Electromyography ; Evoked Potentials ; Gait ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Muscles ; Neuroimaging ; Quadriceps Muscle ; Walking

Symptomatic spinal epidural gas-containing cystic lesion is a rare clinical disease entity. We recently experienced two cases of symptomatic epidural gas-containing cysts that were the main cause of the patients?radiculopathy and the cysts were removed surgically. These lesions were actually gas containing ruptured disc herniations from the vacuum discs at the same level. We report herein on the radiological findings along with conducting a review of the related literature.
Spine ; Vacuum

This paper reports on three cases of an intradural lumbar disc herniation (IDLDH) that were diagnosed by a radiological examination. In all cases, an intradural vacuum (IDV) was detected on the CT scans, and the IDLDH showed iso- or lower signal intensity on the T2-weighted images. Enhanced MRI of one case revealed a small amount of air, but this was without enhancement. All the cases showed definite IDV on the CT scans, and this was an important clue for diagnosing IDLDH.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Spine ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vacuum

Intradural cervical disc herniation is an extremely rare condition and its pathogenesis is not certain. We experienced a case of intradural cervical disc herniation at the C4-5 level in a 56-year-old man. The preoperative sagittal T1- and T2- weighted images revealed an intradural iso-intensity lesion, with the spinal cord behind the posterior longitudinal ligament at the C4-5 disc level. The post-contrast T1-weighted image revealed a peripheral enhanced intradural lesion. We report here on a case of an intradural cervical disc herniation that was diagnosed by radiological examination, and we include a review of the related literature.
Humans ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Cord