The present work was to observe the wormicidal effects of the external mucous substance of Carassius carassius and Pseudorasbora parva on cercaria, metacercaria (liberating) and adult of Clonorchis sinensis. The mucous substance which was extracted by ether was separated into various spots on the silica gel thin layer chromatography and separated into various fractions in the silica gel column chromatography, using petroleum ether(30 percent) and chloroform(70 percent) as solvent. R(f) 0.952 value of the silica gel thin layer chromatography and the first fraction (reddish yellow) frorn the silica gel column chromatography of the ether extracts from C. carassius had the wormicidal effect on all of the developing stages of C. sinensis. Cercaria was killed within 14 minutes, metacercaria within 27 minutes and adult 2.5 hours by the first fraction. But in the normal saline solution (control) and in the other fraction, cercaria and metacercaria were alive more than 24 hours and adult more than 72 hours. The extracts from the mucous substance of P. parva that is well penetrated by cercaria had no wormicidal effect on them.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; clonorchiasis-Clnorchis sinensis ; metacercaria ; Carassius carassius ; Pseudorasbora parva ; mucous substance ; chromatography

BACKGROUND: Self-expandable metallic stent is an effective method in palliative treatment of malignant biliary stricture. However, it is controvesial in benign biliary stricture due to recurrent jaundice, cholangtitis, and finally, obstruction of stent. The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effectiveness of Gianturco expandable metallic stents in benign biliary strictures. METHODS: We inserted Gianturco self-expandable metallic stent in 13 patients (42~69 years old, 6 men and 7 women) with benign biliary stricture between November 1991 and September 1994 in Wonkwang University Hospital. All patients had a previous history of biliary surgery and underwent balloon dilatation procedure for management of strictures. Insertion routes were percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tracks in 8 cases and T-tube tracks in 5 cases. The insertion site was the right intrahepatic duct in 5 cases, the left intrahepatic duct in 2 cases, both intrahepatic ducts in 1 case, common hepatic duct in 1 case, and distal common bile ducts in 4 cases. The stents used were 2~6cm in length and 8~12mm in diameter. The follow-up period was 46months to 81months(mean, 67months). RESULTS: The initial technical success rate was 100% with good immediate patency in all patients. Nine patients(69.2%) had no recurrence of the initial strictures during the follow-up period and 4 patients(30.7%) had further symptoms of biliary obstruction caused by recurrent cholangitis or intrahepatic duct stone formation. These 4 recurrent biliary strictures were treated by surgical methods. The recurrent stricture sites were distal common bile duct(1case), left intrahepatic duct(1case), both intrahepatic ducts(1case), and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy site(1case). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of long-term follow-up, expandable metallic stent is a useful method in recurrent biliary strictures, especially in the case where operation is not feasible; poor risk patients, patients refusing operation, multiple biliary operation.
Bile ; Cholangitis ; Common Bile Duct ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Dilatation ; Drainage ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hepatic Duct, Common ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Male ; Palliative Care ; Recurrence ; Stents*

Malignant hyperthermia still carries a high mortality despite of the increased understanding of the problem involved. A 33 year old relatively healthy male patient was admitted to this hospital via emergency room because of panperitonitis due to peptic ulcer perforation. We experienced acase of malignant hyperthermia which developed 20 minutes after induction of general anesthesia with thiopental sodium, succinylcholine chlovide, halothane, N2O and O2. The body temperature(esophageal) rose altupthy up to 41.2 degrees C and continued as a high fever for about 3 hours. The blood pressure and heart rate also increased and ventricular dyarrhythmia appeared. The etiology, triggering gactors, factors, clinical features, diagnosis treatment and safe anesthesia of malignant hyperthermia are discussed.
Male ; Humans ; Mortality

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare skeletal disorder characterized by abnormal fibro-osseous connective tissue replacing normal bone. Despite its benign behavior, craniofacial FD can cause morphological disfigurement, headache, and even blindness as a result of the produced mass effect. Surgical resection is recommended when the patient shows apparent clinical symptoms or aggravating facial asymmetry. Postoperative complications have been reported, such as hematoma, surgical site infection, abscess formation, resorption of the bone graft used for reconstruction, and recurrence. An aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a rare benign bony lesion that can occur secondary to preexisting bone tumor. Secondary ABCs in craniofacial FD are extremely rare in the literature, accounting for less than 30, all of which are either case reports or series. We report an extremely rare case of symptomatic secondary ABC arising from craniofacial FD that had been misdiagnosed with abscess formation or recurrence and was surgically removed. Notably, 17 years elapsed between the primary surgery and the complication of secondary ABC. The patient underwent total removal of secondary ABC. After surgery, symptoms were relieved, with no recurrence observed during a 6-month follow-up.

The wound healing effect of topical application of the recombinant human epidermal growth factor(rhEGF) on full-thickness dermal injury was investigated. Two full-thickness excisions were made on the back of the experimental animals. The rhEGF was applied twice a day and the rate of wound closure was measured every day for 14 days. On the seventh postoperative day, the histological findings of epithelization and granulation were examined by Massons tichrome stain, and immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and alpha-smooth muscle actin(alpha-SMA). The wound size was a significant reduction in the rhEGF treated groups as compared with the control group (p<0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in the wound size among the concentrations of the rhEGF treated group. Histological examination revealed that epithelization and granulation was increased significantly in the rhEGF group compared to control group (p < 0.01, 0.05). PCNA and alpha-SMA immunoreactive cells were observed at the margin of wound and the rhEGF treatments significantly increased the number of PCNA and alpha-SMA immunoreactive cells as compared to those of control group (p < 0.01, 0.05). Taken together, these findings suggest that rhEGF enhance the epithelial wound healing by the stimulate of cell proliferation. The wound contraction might be also affected by rhEGF application.
Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Humans* ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Rats* ; Skin* ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries*

PURPOSE: Early traditional methods of surveillance to detect failing graft relied on recurrence of symptoms, change of pedal pulses, or a decrease in the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). More recently, graft surveillance with Duplex scan which has become an appropriate first-line alternative has been shown to be effective in identifying the patency of threatened femorodistal graft. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship and significance among ABI change, run-off resistance score, and Duplex scan parameters in femorodistal graft bypass. METHOD: Among 52 patients who received femorodistal bypass, thirty-one femorodistal grafts (19: above knee, 12: below knee) which had followed up for more than 2 years were followed up by ABI at regular interval and Duplex scan at 2 year. Those were grouped according to the grade of ABI decrease as follows; Group I: <0.1 ABI decrease, Group II: 0.1or= 0.2 ABI decrease. Peak systolic flow velocity (PSFV) ratio, luminal diameter at near proximal and distal anastomosis, mean body graft velocity (cm/sec) were evaluated. Runoff resistance score was calculated by the finding of the pre-operative angiogram. RESULT: In proportion to the severity of ABI decrease, proximal and distal peak systolic flow velocity (PSFV) ratio and stenosis (%) increased, mean body graft velocity decreased. Significant statistical difference between groups were shown as follows; Group II and IV: distal PSFV ratio (2.17 vs 2.95, P=0.02), proximal stenosis (32.8% vs 47.4%, P=0.026), distal stenosis (21.7% vs 62.0%, P=0.007), mean body graft velocity (81 cm/sec vs 46 cm/sec, P=0.02) Group III and IV: distal PSFV ratio (2.29 vs 2.95, P=0.02), distal stenosis (40.5% vs 62.0%; P=0.003), body flow velocity (70 cm/sec vs 46 cm/sec, P=0.02). The higher runoff resistance score was, the more distal PSFV ratio, distal stenosis increased, but proximal stenosis, PSFV ratio, and mean body graft velocity did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: This study shows that higher decrease in ABI (>0.2) is well correlated with critical Duplex parameters. Longer graft patency and economic benefit may be obtained by active evaluation of failing graft using by Duplex scan when the ABI decrease is more than 0.2 in femorodistal graft bypass at regular examination.
Ankle Brachial Index ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Knee ; Phenobarbital ; Recurrence ; Transplants*

Squamous papilloma is a benign proliferation of stratified squamous epithelium, resulting in a papillary or verruciform mass. Verrucous carcinoma is a differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma and may present diagnostic difficulties as it may be erroneously diagnosed as squamous papilloma. Squamous papilloma is similar to other oral mucosa malignancy in microscopic view. So, it is difficult to distinguish between squamous cell papilloma and other oral mucosa malignancy. Here are three patients. they were diagnosed as squamous papilloma initially, but the lesion was recurred. In recurred lesion, verrucous carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma were found. So we report that recurred oral mucosa malignency(verrucous carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma) which was diagnosed as squamous papilloma.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Carcinoma, Verrucous ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Mouth Mucosa* ; Papilloma*

Basal cell nevus syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable expressivity. This syndrome comprises a number of abnormalities such as multiple nevoid basal cell carcinomas of the skin, skeletal abnormalities as bifid rib and fusion of vertebrae, central nervous system abnormalities as mental retardation, eye abnormalities, and multiple odontogenic kerato cysts. In 1960, Gorlin and Goltz first described the features of this disease as constituting a true syndrome; since then, it has been realized that it is much more complex and encompassing than initially thought. This patient has many symtoms of basal cell nevus syndrome. we has known multiple jaw cysts through panorama and facial computed tomography. He has hyperchromatism on basal cell through skin biopsy. In ophthalmologic consult, he has blindness on right. On his past medical history, amputation was done on his toes for polyductalism. - So we report with literature reviews
Amputation ; Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome* ; Biopsy ; Blindness ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Central Nervous System ; Eye Abnormalities ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Jaw Cysts ; Odontogenic Cysts ; Ribs ; Skin ; Spine ; Toes

BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is highly prevalent in hospitals in Korea. The overall rate of MRSA in hospitals in Korea was estimated over 60%. Recently hospital infections caused by MRSA are getting increased and problematic in Korea, Our hospital Seoul Paik Hospital, has been trying to solve this problem. We had not applied exact methods for hospital infection control. Therefore, we adapted strict methods under the control of hospital infection control committee (HICC) and assessed the effectiveness of these methods. METHODS: Every month, the number of MRSA isolates was collected and analyzed; the results of the analysis were reported to every ward. All wards were supplied with Microshild(R) (Johnson & Johnson, Australia), Clean N' Fresh(R) (Carroll, USA), and standard paper towels. Health care workers were regularly educated for hospital infection control. The use of antibiotics was controlled by the HICC. We compared MRSA isolation rate between before and after applying the strict infection control methods under the regulation of HICC. Mann-Whitney U test, one-way ANOVA, and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis of the results. RESULTS: After restricting the uses of antibiotics, glycopeptides and carbapenems were prescribed 15% less (20.3 vs 17.3 DDD /1000 patient-days) and 35% less (9.3 vs 6.0 DDD /1000 patient-days) respectively, compared to before restricting antibiotics. Methicillin resistance rate was decreased from 78% to 69% compared to before the methods(p=0.02). The isolation rate of MRSA was reduced by 31-42% from 2.33 to 1.35-1.60/1000 patient-days compared to before adapting strict infection control methods (p=0.04-0.07). CONCLUSION: This study showed that applying the strict infection control methods in the hospital can be effective to reduce the isolation rate of MRSA.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Carbapenems ; Cross Infection* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ; Glycopeptides ; Infection Control ; Korea ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Seoul ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus*

OBJECTIVES: To find work related factors affecting perceived fatigue among male metal product assemblers. METHODS: The study subjects were metal product assemblers from three metal product companies (476 car parts assemblers, 610 car engine assemblers, 454 ship engine assemblers). From the total of 1,540 subjects, 1,136 (73.8%) were included and 38 respondents with insufficient replies were excluded. Associations between fatigue score and other variables (general characteristics, job related factors, workload, job stresses) were investigated in terms of the concept of multidimensional fatigue construct by self administered questionnaire. Using MFS (Multidimensional Fatigue Scale), JCQ (Job Content Questionnaire), and Borg's scale, we estimated the fatigue, job stress, and workload, respectively. Fatigue score was estimated by 'sum of fatigue' in MFS. Associations were tested by linear regression analysis using SAS v.8.0. RESULTS: In this study, the fatigue related factors were older age, longer working hours per week, higher workload, higher job demand, lower decision latitude, and lower supervisor support. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged working hours, higher workload, higher job demand, poor supervisor support and lower decision latitude were fatigue related factors among the male metal product assemblers of this study.
Data Collection ; Fatigue* ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male* ; Questionnaires ; Ships