No abstract available.

With the advancement of shoulder arthroscopy, use of biodegradable suture anchors in the surgical repair of rotator cuff tears has increased. Because of the radiolucency of these anchors, radiography is not appropriate for early detection of anchor failure. Ultrasonography is an advantageous modality in visualizing biodegradable, radiolucent anchors on a real-time basis without risk of radiation exposure. We report on two cases of displacement of a biodegradable suture anchor diagnosed on ultrasonography during the postoperative follow- up, which has not been previously reported. Because this displacement could be missed in the postoperative follow up ultrasonography, we describe the ultrasonographic features of the displaced biodegradable anchors. Surgeons and radiologists should pay special attention to the possibility of displacement of the suture anchor in patients who underwent rotator cuff repairs using suture anchors.
Arthroscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Radiography ; Rotator Cuff* ; Shoulder ; Suture Anchors* ; Sutures* ; Tears ; Ultrasonography*

The visual field of 86 eyes of 18 normal Korean male and 25 female were measured by test objects for white 4/330, blue 8/330, red 8/330 and green 8/330 in 12 principal meridians with 31.5 apostilb of luminance. By using the above mentioned test objects, the range, mean, standard deviation and standard error of each isopter were calculated for determining limitation of normal visual field. 1. The widths of each isopter, which were observed at 4 meridians, were increased from the narrowest to the widest, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 27 degrees and 330 degrees in order. 2. Visual fields of same visual angle against test object were increased in the order of green, blue and red. The widths of 4 visual fields were depressed in the order the white 4/330, blue 8/330, red8/330 and green 8/330. 3. The standard deviation and standard error of each meridian of visual fields, white was most reliable and blue, red and green in order. 4. Among 4 test objects the most reliable meridian was white 330 degrees and 90 degrees was the most reliable in blue, red and green. The poorest meridian in reliability were white 60 degress and in blue 180 degrees, in red and green 330 degrees.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meridians ; Visual Fields*

PURPOSE: Thyroid disease is the most common endocrine disease in childhood. Thyroid hormone has critical effects on growth and development, especially in childhood. We survey the prevalence, sex and age distribution, symptoms and thyroid function states of thyroid diseases in childhood. METHODS: Three hundred ninety one children who were diagnosed as having thyroid disease at department of pediatrics, St. Mary's hospital from Jan. 1987 to Dec. 1998 enrolled in this study. RESULTS: 1) The ratio between male and female patients was 1: 5.3. Age distribution was puberty, school age and infancy in their order of frequency. 2) The results of thyroid function tests showed normal function in 210 cases (53.7%), increased function in 95 cases(24.3%), and decreased function in 86 cases (22%). 3) Simple goiter, Graves disease, and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis were the most common diseases in euthyroid, hyperthyroid, and acquired hypothyroid state, respectively. 4) The most common sign and symptom was goiter in euthyroid(100%), hyperthyroid(98.8%) and acquired hypothyroid state(96.2%). Forty of 68 cases(58.8%) with congenital hypothyroidism were detected by neonatal screening. CONCLUSION: Simple goiter, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and Graves disease were common acquired thyroid diseases in childhood, and goiter is the most common clinical manifestation in acquired thyroid disease. Recently, increasing number of congenital hypothyroidism was detected by neonatal screening test.
Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Congenital Hypothyroidism ; Endocrine System Diseases ; Female ; Goiter ; Graves Disease ; Growth and Development ; Hashimoto Disease ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neonatal Screening ; Pediatrics ; Prevalence ; Puberty ; Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland*

PURPOSE: Narcolepsy is a specific neurologic syndrome consisting of excessive daytime drowsiness, cataplexy, and the additional phenomena of sleep paralysis and intense dreamlike hallucinations at sleep-wake transitions. We are reporting a patient with narcolepsy whose repeated self-injury caused traumatic eyeball perforation. METHODS: A 26-year-old male with narcolepsy injured himself, which resulted in eyeball perforation in his both eyes. We diagnosed him as traumatic corneal laceration, traumatic cataract, and vitreous opacity due to lens material in vitreous in both eyes. RESULTS: After improvement of narcoleptic symptom and healing of corneal perforation, we performed cataract extraction and pars plana vitrectomy under local anesthesia. During operation, we found preretinal gliosis at superior portion of optic disc and subretinal hemorrhage in the right eye. We observed successful improvement in visual acuity through intraocular lens implantation.
Adult ; Anesthesia, Local ; Cataplexy ; Cataract ; Cataract Extraction ; Corneal Perforation ; Gliosis ; Hallucinations ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Male ; Narcolepsy ; Sleep Paralysis ; Sleep Stages ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: Intraductal papilloma (IDP) is a benign breast disease with malignant potential, for which complete surgical excision is usually recommended. The aim of the present study was to investigate predictive factors for upgrading patients with a benign papillary lesion (BPL). METHODS: This study was an observational study using a prospectively collected cohort. In total, 13,049 patients who underwent a core needle biopsy (CNB) for a breast lesion between January 2009 and May 2015 were enrolled. We reviewed all patients with pathologically confirmed BPL from a CNB. RESULTS: Surgical treatment was performed for 363 out of a total of 592 lesions. According to the pathological differences, the lowest upgrade rate was shown in IDP without atypia (without atypia, 6.0%; with atypia, 26.8%; papillary neoplasm, 31.5%; p<0.001). The univariate analysis showed that, in IDP without atypia, the age at diagnosis, size of BPL on ultrasonography, and density on mammography were associated with upgrading. The multivariate analysis revealed that age >54 years and lesion size >1 cm were significantly associated with upgrade to malignancy (odds ratio [OR]=4.351, p=0.005 and OR=4.236, p=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The indications for surgical treatment can be defined as age >54 years and mass size >1 cm, even in IDP without atypia in the CNB results; this also includes cases of IDP with atypia or papillary neoplasm. Therefore, we suggest that close observation without surgery is sufficient for younger women with a small IDP without atypia.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle* ; Breast Diseases ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Cohort Studies ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Multivariate Analysis ; Observational Study ; Papilloma, Intraductal ; Prospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiography ; Ultrasonography

The hypotony with cyclodialysis after blunt trauma to the eye rarely happens and the cyclodialysis is diagnosed by finding the cleft in the anterior chamber anglel It is treated with cycloplegics conservatively or with surgery. In this study, the authors reviewed the hyphema, the onset of hypotony, the size of cyclodialysis cleft and transient scleral buckling that is one of the surgery in 7 eyes of 7 patients . The hyphema was seen in all cases after blunt trauma to the eyes and the duration between the trauma and the onset of hypotony was average 7.2 days. The traumatic cyclodialyses clefts were half an clock hour in 3 patients and 1 to 4 clock hours in 4 patients . Six patients had an initial conservative treatment, 3 patients required surgical treatment, scleral buckling, for 3 weeks for the full recovery of intraocular pressure.
Anterior Chamber ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Intraocular Pressure ; Mydriatics ; Scleral Buckling

Recently, a hydroxyapatite sphere has been increasingly used as a buried integrated orbital implant for the great improved motility of the prosthesis after enucleation. To allow more rapid ascess of vasculature into the hydroxyapatite implant, Dacron as a new synthetic wrapping material of the implant for anophthalmic sockets had been used and compared histologically with donor sclera in rabbits. At 4 weeks after implantation, fibrovascular ingrowth was found mainly near the scleral windows, where fibrosis extended 2 mm centrally in scleral-wrapped implants. In Contrast, in Dacron-wrapped implants, there was extensive fibrovascular infiltration through Dacron filaments and windows as well, making the hydroxyapatite sphere completely invested with fibrovascular tissue to the center within 4 weeks of implantation. Thus, Dacron as a new wrapping material appears to allow a more rapid vascularization into the hydroxyapatite implant than other collagen material without any serious complications, resulting in early rehabilitation with an artificial eye.
Collagen ; Durapatite* ; Eye, Artificial ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Orbital Implants ; Polyethylene Terephthalates* ; Prostheses and Implants ; Rabbits ; Rehabilitation ; Sclera* ; Tissue Donors*

This study was performed to investigate the sequential changes of the retinal tissue in tissue culture condition. The human sensory retinal tissues were cultured for up to 2 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively. The initial changes showed the separation of the intercellular space and the consequent widening of the intercellular space with prolapse of cytoplasmic processes into the widened intercellular space. The internal limiting membrane was also separated from the inner retina, which led to the prolapse of the cytoplasm of the Muller cell. The growth of the Muller cell was most prominent during the 4-weeks' tissue culture period. These findings suggest that the Muller cell might contribute to the formation of cellular membrane in case of the defect of the internal limiting membrane in several pathologic conditions.
Adult ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuroglia/*ultrastructure ; Retina/*ultrastructure