No abstract available.

The visual field of 86 eyes of 18 normal Korean male and 25 female were measured by test objects for white 4/330, blue 8/330, red 8/330 and green 8/330 in 12 principal meridians with 31.5 apostilb of luminance. By using the above mentioned test objects, the range, mean, standard deviation and standard error of each isopter were calculated for determining limitation of normal visual field. 1. The widths of each isopter, which were observed at 4 meridians, were increased from the narrowest to the widest, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 27 degrees and 330 degrees in order. 2. Visual fields of same visual angle against test object were increased in the order of green, blue and red. The widths of 4 visual fields were depressed in the order the white 4/330, blue 8/330, red8/330 and green 8/330. 3. The standard deviation and standard error of each meridian of visual fields, white was most reliable and blue, red and green in order. 4. Among 4 test objects the most reliable meridian was white 330 degrees and 90 degrees was the most reliable in blue, red and green. The poorest meridian in reliability were white 60 degress and in blue 180 degrees, in red and green 330 degrees.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meridians ; Visual Fields*

With the advancement of shoulder arthroscopy, use of biodegradable suture anchors in the surgical repair of rotator cuff tears has increased. Because of the radiolucency of these anchors, radiography is not appropriate for early detection of anchor failure. Ultrasonography is an advantageous modality in visualizing biodegradable, radiolucent anchors on a real-time basis without risk of radiation exposure. We report on two cases of displacement of a biodegradable suture anchor diagnosed on ultrasonography during the postoperative follow- up, which has not been previously reported. Because this displacement could be missed in the postoperative follow up ultrasonography, we describe the ultrasonographic features of the displaced biodegradable anchors. Surgeons and radiologists should pay special attention to the possibility of displacement of the suture anchor in patients who underwent rotator cuff repairs using suture anchors.
Arthroscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Radiography ; Rotator Cuff* ; Shoulder ; Suture Anchors* ; Sutures* ; Tears ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: Thyroid disease is the most common endocrine disease in childhood. Thyroid hormone has critical effects on growth and development, especially in childhood. We survey the prevalence, sex and age distribution, symptoms and thyroid function states of thyroid diseases in childhood. METHODS: Three hundred ninety one children who were diagnosed as having thyroid disease at department of pediatrics, St. Mary's hospital from Jan. 1987 to Dec. 1998 enrolled in this study. RESULTS: 1) The ratio between male and female patients was 1: 5.3. Age distribution was puberty, school age and infancy in their order of frequency. 2) The results of thyroid function tests showed normal function in 210 cases (53.7%), increased function in 95 cases(24.3%), and decreased function in 86 cases (22%). 3) Simple goiter, Graves disease, and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis were the most common diseases in euthyroid, hyperthyroid, and acquired hypothyroid state, respectively. 4) The most common sign and symptom was goiter in euthyroid(100%), hyperthyroid(98.8%) and acquired hypothyroid state(96.2%). Forty of 68 cases(58.8%) with congenital hypothyroidism were detected by neonatal screening. CONCLUSION: Simple goiter, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and Graves disease were common acquired thyroid diseases in childhood, and goiter is the most common clinical manifestation in acquired thyroid disease. Recently, increasing number of congenital hypothyroidism was detected by neonatal screening test.
Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Congenital Hypothyroidism ; Endocrine System Diseases ; Female ; Goiter ; Graves Disease ; Growth and Development ; Hashimoto Disease ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neonatal Screening ; Pediatrics ; Prevalence ; Puberty ; Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland*

PURPOSE: Narcolepsy is a specific neurologic syndrome consisting of excessive daytime drowsiness, cataplexy, and the additional phenomena of sleep paralysis and intense dreamlike hallucinations at sleep-wake transitions. We are reporting a patient with narcolepsy whose repeated self-injury caused traumatic eyeball perforation. METHODS: A 26-year-old male with narcolepsy injured himself, which resulted in eyeball perforation in his both eyes. We diagnosed him as traumatic corneal laceration, traumatic cataract, and vitreous opacity due to lens material in vitreous in both eyes. RESULTS: After improvement of narcoleptic symptom and healing of corneal perforation, we performed cataract extraction and pars plana vitrectomy under local anesthesia. During operation, we found preretinal gliosis at superior portion of optic disc and subretinal hemorrhage in the right eye. We observed successful improvement in visual acuity through intraocular lens implantation.
Adult ; Anesthesia, Local ; Cataplexy ; Cataract ; Cataract Extraction ; Corneal Perforation ; Gliosis ; Hallucinations ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Male ; Narcolepsy ; Sleep Paralysis ; Sleep Stages ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: Intraductal papilloma (IDP) is a benign breast disease with malignant potential, for which complete surgical excision is usually recommended. The aim of the present study was to investigate predictive factors for upgrading patients with a benign papillary lesion (BPL). METHODS: This study was an observational study using a prospectively collected cohort. In total, 13,049 patients who underwent a core needle biopsy (CNB) for a breast lesion between January 2009 and May 2015 were enrolled. We reviewed all patients with pathologically confirmed BPL from a CNB. RESULTS: Surgical treatment was performed for 363 out of a total of 592 lesions. According to the pathological differences, the lowest upgrade rate was shown in IDP without atypia (without atypia, 6.0%; with atypia, 26.8%; papillary neoplasm, 31.5%; p<0.001). The univariate analysis showed that, in IDP without atypia, the age at diagnosis, size of BPL on ultrasonography, and density on mammography were associated with upgrading. The multivariate analysis revealed that age >54 years and lesion size >1 cm were significantly associated with upgrade to malignancy (odds ratio [OR]=4.351, p=0.005 and OR=4.236, p=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The indications for surgical treatment can be defined as age >54 years and mass size >1 cm, even in IDP without atypia in the CNB results; this also includes cases of IDP with atypia or papillary neoplasm. Therefore, we suggest that close observation without surgery is sufficient for younger women with a small IDP without atypia.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle* ; Breast Diseases ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Cohort Studies ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Multivariate Analysis ; Observational Study ; Papilloma, Intraductal ; Prospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiography ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship of refraction, geometry of the posterior corneal surface and the residual corneal thickness after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. METHODS: Thirty eyes of 15 patients were treated with Star S2 Smooth Scan (VISX, U.S.A.) and followed up for 3 months. The refractive, anteroposterior changes in the posterior corneal surface and residual corneal thickness were measured using slit-scanning topography, Orbscan IIR (Orbtek, Bausch & Lomb) at 1 week preoperatively, and 1 and 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Mean forward shift of the posterior cornea surface was 8.83+/-1.34 micrometer, 11.53+/-4.23 micrometer and 14.70+/-3.50 micrometer at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months respectively. Mean spherical equivalence of posterior cornea was = -7.01+/-0.31 D preoperatively; it changed to -7.17+/-0.47 D, -7.22+/-0.21 D and -7.17+/-0.6 D at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. The degree of forward shift of posterior corneal surface is correlated with the posterior corneal refractive changes (r=-0.808, P< 0.01). The forward shift of the posterior corneal surface is correlated with the residual corneal thickness (r=-0.483, P< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Photorefractive keratectomy significantly influenced the forward shift of the cornea, which is correlated with the residual corneal thickness.
Cornea ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer ; Photorefractive Keratectomy*

PURPOSE: To assess the the accuracy and variability in pachymetry measurements obtained by Orbscan and ultrasonic pachymeter in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS: Thirty two eyes of 16 patients before LASIK were measured by ultrasonic pachymeter and Orbscan. Thirty eyes of 16 patients that had LASIK were measured by ultrasonic pachymeter and Orbscan postoperatively. The theoretical residual corneal thickness was compared to measurements by both instruments in eyes that had LASIK procedures. RESULTS: The ultrasound pachymeter measurements (543.8+/-24.2 micrometer) were thicker than the Orbscan pachymetry measurements, (541.2+/-24.9 micrometer) by mean of 2.7+/-7.4 micrometer (SD), preoperatively. But this is not statistically significant (p>0.05). Postoperatively, the ultrsound measurements were consistent with theoretical residual corneal thickness, 461.8+/-37.4 micrometer versus 467.9+/-30.71 micrometer (p=0.064), while Orbscan measurements were statistically less than the theoretical residual corneal thickness, 433.2+/-48.75 micrometer versus 464.32+/-33.4 micrometer (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In LASIK eyes, the ultrasonic pachymetry was a more accurate measurement of corneal pachymetry than Orbscan topography system.
Corneal Pachymetry ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Ultrasonics* ; Ultrasonography

To evaluate the possibility of Dacron patch for artificial sclera. Dacron(polyethylene terephthalate) which is readily available, biocompatable, safe, and inert synthetic material was implanted in the area of full-thickness scleral defect in rabbits. The histopathologic examinations showed that fibrovascular tissue invested into all interstices of Dacron filaments and fibroconnective tissue encapsulation around Dacron patch had strong connection with collagen fibers of recipient sclera at 4 weeks after graft There were no adverse reactions such as retinal detachment and fibrous proliferation into the vitreous cavity except mild inflammatory response of surrounding tissue at the early postoperative stage. As a result, Dacron graft showed successful firm adhesion to the recipient sclera without serious complications. Thus, We think that Dacron could possibly be used, instead of donor sclera, as artificial scleral graft material for the surgical treatment of perforating scleral diseases.
Collagen ; Humans ; Polyethylene Terephthalates* ; Rabbits* ; Retinal Detachment ; Sclera ; Scleral Diseases ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants*