Ocular infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhea produces purulent conjunctivitis, which may lead to ulcerative keratitis and perforation if not promptly treated Most cases occur in neonates and rarely occur in adults. The author experienced a case of gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis which was confirmed by conjunctival exudate smear, culture and biochemical study.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans

No abstract available.
Congenital Hypothyroidism*

The laparoscopic cholecystectomy, performed for the first time in France in 1987, has been accepted as in many countries the method of choice when performing a cholecystectomy. The trend toward minimally invasive surgery has prompted general surgeons to try it instead of open cholecystectomy. We performed 1000 laparoscopic cholecystectomies at the Department of General Surgery of Eulji Medical College Hospital from January 1992 to April 1997. The outcome data have been analyzed retrospectively. Moreover, we have compared the case histories of 13 patients who received cholecystostomy with those of 43 patient who did not. We also present preliminary results for an interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy which was a preceded by percutaneous cholecystostomy. The results are as follows: 1) The mean age was 54.3 years ranging from 17 to 86; there were 402 males and 598 females. 2) Of the 1000 patients, 123 patients (12.3%) had a history of abdominal surgery. 3) More than half of the patients(560 patients, 56.0%) underwent operations within 6 months of the onset of symptoms. 4) A preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholecystoscopy was performed on 220 patients (22.0%), and of these, 93 patients received endoscopic sphincterotomies because of bile duct stones. 5) The majority of patients(744 patients, 74.4%) had laparoscopic cholecystectomies which lasted 40 minutes or less. 6) More than half (54%) of the removed gallbladders showed grade II inflammation. 7) Drains were used in 142 patients (14.2%). 8) Postoperative complications were encountered in 48 patients (4.8%). 9) Postoperative oral intake was resumed within 24 hours in most patients. 10) Most patients(854 patients, 85.4%) were discharged within 3 days of the operation. 11) The pathologic diagnosis was chronic nonspecific inflammation in most cases (823 cases, 82.3%). 12) The most common microorganism in the bile was E. coli. 13) Patients who received a cholecystostomy had many benefits: a shorter operation time, a low rate of open cholecystectomy, early oral intake. 14) For the 1160 patients who underwent a cholecystectomy during the same period, the rate of open cholecystectomy was 13.8%.
Bile ; Bile Ducts ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Cholecystostomy* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; France ; Gallbladder ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive

A series of 135 cases of pterygium observed at the Eye Dept. in the National Medical Center from April 1963 to May 1966, were treated with thio-tepa after the surgical removal and were studied clinically in regard to the incidence of the recurrence. Among the total series, only one case showed no response to the thio-tepa instillation and the recurrence persisted. There was a case of allergic response to the thio-tepa, which has not been found in any reports known. No serious local or systemic toxcity or any sequelae such as corneal damages, defective vision or the interference with wound healing could be observed.
Incidence ; Korea* ; Pterygium ; Recurrence ; Thiotepa ; Wound Healing

It is generally accepted that a vascular accident in utero during the fetal period plays an important role in the occurrence of intestinal atresia. An experimental study, making use of chick embryos was made to induce intestinal atresia by vascular occlusion or ligation of a loop of intestine. A study using the chick embryos made it relatively easy to obtain the experimental group. Its advantages are a short incubation period(21 days) and many operations can be performed with only a limited supply of surgical instruments. Physiologic umbilical hernia of the chick embryo is present from the 9th to the 18th day of development. We used chick embryos between 9th to 15th day of development to perform experiments. In group I, as a control group, round shaped opening was made in the eggshell, shell membrane and chorioallantoic membrane with diameter of 1 cm, and then closed with transparent tape. In group II, the mesenteric artery was ligated with prolene 7-0. In the group III, a loop of intestine was ligated with prolene 7-0. The survival rate of group I was 35.7%(50/140), group II, 5.1%(36/700) and group III was 7.6%(53/700)(p<0.001). The intestinal atresia in hatched embryos showed no case in group I, 14cases out of 36cases in Group II(type II 5cases, type III 9cases), and all cases in Group III(type I 3cases, type II 29cases, type III 21cases). There was no significant relation between experimental group and type of intestinal atresia(p=0.09). In this experiments, the survival rate and incidence of intestinal atresia of group III were higher than group II. We concluded that vascular accident of intestine during fetal period was a factor in development of intestinal atresia, but, mechanical obstruction of intestinal loop was more important.
Animals ; Chick Embryo* ; Chorioallantoic Membrane ; Embryonic Structures ; Hernia, Umbilical ; Incidence ; Intestinal Atresia* ; Intestines ; Ligation ; Membranes ; Mesenteric Arteries ; Polypropylenes ; Surgical Instruments ; Survival Rate

The increase of preoperative intraocular pressure by anesthetic is a troublesome problem in pin point anesthesia. In order to evaluate the efficacy of 4% lidocaine with less volume in pin point anesthesia 60 cataract surgeries were performed with different anesthetic dosage divided into 3 groups and compared preanesthetic with postanesthetic intraocular pressure and pain score(1; mild, 2; moderate, 3; severe). In the group 1(20 eyes), using 0.3ml of lidocaine, intraocular pressure change from preanesthesia to postanesthesia was 11.83+/-3.44mmHg to 12.19+/-3.27mmHg and there was no statistical significance(p=0.1025). In the group 2(20 eyes), using 0.4ml of lidocaine, intraocular pressure change was 11.53+/-3.22mmHg to 12.33+/-2.91mmHg and was statistically significant(p=0.0028). In the group 3(20 eyes), using 0.5ml of lidocaine, intraocular pressure change was 12.07+/-2.34mmHg to 13.41+/-2.51mmHg and was statistically significant(p=0.0000). Pain score in 3 groups were 1.60+/-0.17, 1.55+/-0.14, 1.35+/-0.11 and there was no statistical difference in 3 groups(p=0.5192). With these results, pin point anesthesia using 0.3ml of 4% lidocaine might be another useful local ocular anesthesia for the routine cataract operation.
Anesthesia* ; Cataract* ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lidocaine*

Endophthalmitis is one of the most catastrophic complications in intraocular surgery and penetrating injuries of the eye and intraocular injection of gentamicin is frequently used for its treatment. But the use of gentamicn resulted in sight-limiting complication such as cataract and the increased calcium level in the lens is an important factor of cataractogenesls. In this experiment, Ca++ - achivated ATPase activity, active Ca++ efflux and calcium concentration in the lens were measured at day 1, day 3 and 7 days after injection of gentamicin into the anterior chamber or vitreous to compare the effect on calcium transport in the rabbit lenses according to the route of administration. Ca++ -activated ATPase activity was progressively inhibited, active efflux of Ca++ was significantly decreased and calcium concentration progressively increased. So, it may be speculated that the decreased active efflux of Ca++ from the lens is related to inhibiting Ca++ -activated ATPase activity and this makes the accumulation of calcium in the lens. These effects were more severe in the intravitreal injection than in the intracameral injection group.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Anterior Chamber ; Calcium* ; Cataract ; Endophthalmitis ; Gentamicins* ; Injections, Intraocular ; Intravitreal Injections

Endophthalmitis is one of the most catastrophic complications in intraocular surgery and penetrating injuries of the eye and intraocular injection of gentamicin is frequently used for its treatment. But the use of gentamicn resulted in sight-limiting complication such as cataract and the increased calcium level in the lens is an important factor of cataractogenesls. In this experiment, Ca++ - achivated ATPase activity, active Ca++ efflux and calcium concentration in the lens were measured at day 1, day 3 and 7 days after injection of gentamicin into the anterior chamber or vitreous to compare the effect on calcium transport in the rabbit lenses according to the route of administration. Ca++ -activated ATPase activity was progressively inhibited, active efflux of Ca++ was significantly decreased and calcium concentration progressively increased. So, it may be speculated that the decreased active efflux of Ca++ from the lens is related to inhibiting Ca++ -activated ATPase activity and this makes the accumulation of calcium in the lens. These effects were more severe in the intravitreal injection than in the intracameral injection group.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Anterior Chamber ; Calcium* ; Cataract ; Endophthalmitis ; Gentamicins* ; Injections, Intraocular ; Intravitreal Injections

To manifest visual acuity of 20/20 or better, the requirements are good optical imagery, foveal fixation, intact receptor structure and function, and full integrity of the involved neural pathways. Person with hyperopia of 1-10 diopter or astigmatism of 1 diopter may be able to read the line marked 20/20 of Snellen's chart. Non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic subjective manifest refractions were done on 380 normal eyes with visual acuity of 20/20 or more to observe the prevalence, type and degree of the refractive errors. The results were as follows; 1. In non-cycloplegic subjective manifest refraction, 147 eyes(38.7%) had refractive error such as simple hyperopic astigmatism(50.3%), hyperopia(37.4%), simple myopic astigmatism(6.8%) and compound hyperopic astigmatism(5.4%). In cycloplegic subjective manifest refraction, 183 eyes(48.2%) were ametropia such as simple hyperopic astigmatism (49.7%), hyperopia(38.3%), compound hyperopic astigmatism(8.7%) and simple myopic astigmatism(3.2%). 2. As to the type of astigmatisms, "with the rule" astigmatism was 2.5 times more than "against the rule". 3. Average degree of refractive errors were 0.12 diopter in non-cycloplegic refraction and 0.22 diopter in cycloplegic refraction. 4. The degree of hyperopia was less than 1.00 diopter in all cases of noncycloplegic refractions and in most cases(93%) of cycloplegic refractions. 5. Degree of astigmatism were less than 1.00 diopter in the majority(98%).
Astigmatism ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Neural Pathways ; Prevalence ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity*

A 57 year old male, complaining of exophthalmos, disturbance of ocular motility and visual acuity in the right eye, was admitted under the disgnosis of orbital tumor. The tumor was removed by Kronlein procedure and verified as glioma microscopically. The following seven months period of postoperative observations revealed degenerative changes in the retina, atrophy of the optic nerve and enophthalmos in the affected side but no signs of recurrence.
Atrophy ; Enophthalmos ; Exophthalmos ; Glioma* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit* ; Recurrence ; Retina ; Visual Acuity