PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of disc extrusion and neurologic deficit, the relation between disc extrusion and neurologic deficit and the treatment results according to our basic treatment principles in lower cervical facet joint fracture and dislocations MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients were evaluated, 8 male and 4 female with an average age of 41 years comprised the group. Six injuries were attributable to automobile accidents, 5 to fall from building, bed, floor and hill, and one to stand on her head. One case was distractive-flexion stage (DFS) 1, 9 cases with DFS 2 and 2 cases with DFS 3. Plain X-ray, CT, Myelo CT and MRI were used as a diagnostic tools. As a treatment criteria, feasibility of closed reduction, status of neuroglogic injury, and stability of injured spine were considered. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in accompanied disc extrusion, posterior reduction and fusion with triple wiring in unreduced dislocation, and anterior decompression and fusion in incomplete cord and root injury were selected as a basic treatment principles. RESULTS: Ten out of 12 cases (83%) showed neurologic deficits, 2 complete cord injury, 1 incomplete cord injury, and 7 radiculopathy. Nine out of 12 (75%) demonstrated disc extrusion and all disc extruded patients had neurologic deficits. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) were performed in 5 cases, ACDF and posterior reduction with triple wiring (PRTW) in 4 cases, PRTW in 1 case, and skull traction and philadelphia brace in 2 cases. Seven radiculpathy patients were completely recovered and one incomplete cord injury patient can ambulate with spastic gait after surgery. There were 2 bed sore and 1 pneumonia in complications. CONCLUSION: Soft disc extrusion should be evaluated carefully with MRI and CT in lower cervical spine injury with the facet joint fracture-dislocations before the decision of treatment. As disc extrusion always accompanies neurologic deficit, it must be surgically treated by anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.
Automobiles ; Braces ; Decompression ; Diskectomy ; Dislocations* ; Female ; Gait Disorders, Neurologic ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Pneumonia ; Pressure Ulcer ; Radiculopathy ; Skull ; Spine ; Traction ; Zygapophyseal Joint*

PURPOSE: Thyroid disease is the most common endocrine disease in childhood. Thyroid hormone has critical effects on growth and development, especially in childhood. We survey the prevalence, sex and age distribution, symptoms and thyroid function states of thyroid diseases in childhood. METHODS: Three hundred ninety one children who were diagnosed as having thyroid disease at department of pediatrics, St. Mary's hospital from Jan. 1987 to Dec. 1998 enrolled in this study. RESULTS: 1) The ratio between male and female patients was 1: 5.3. Age distribution was puberty, school age and infancy in their order of frequency. 2) The results of thyroid function tests showed normal function in 210 cases (53.7%), increased function in 95 cases(24.3%), and decreased function in 86 cases (22%). 3) Simple goiter, Graves disease, and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis were the most common diseases in euthyroid, hyperthyroid, and acquired hypothyroid state, respectively. 4) The most common sign and symptom was goiter in euthyroid(100%), hyperthyroid(98.8%) and acquired hypothyroid state(96.2%). Forty of 68 cases(58.8%) with congenital hypothyroidism were detected by neonatal screening. CONCLUSION: Simple goiter, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and Graves disease were common acquired thyroid diseases in childhood, and goiter is the most common clinical manifestation in acquired thyroid disease. Recently, increasing number of congenital hypothyroidism was detected by neonatal screening test.
Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Congenital Hypothyroidism ; Endocrine System Diseases ; Female ; Goiter ; Graves Disease ; Growth and Development ; Hashimoto Disease ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neonatal Screening ; Pediatrics ; Prevalence ; Puberty ; Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland*

Adrenal cortical carcinoma is a rare disease both in adults and in children. Most of these tumors are functional, especially in children, producing endocrine syndromes such as virilization, Cushing syndrome, hyperaldosteronism or feminization. We experienced a case of adrenal cortical carcinoma in a 7yr old boy who showed features of virilization such as rapid growth rate, penile enlargement, and pubic hair. This case was diagnosed with typical hormonal findings and abdominal MRI and confirmed by pathologic findings. He was successfully treated by total left adrenalectomy and has been followed up without problem over eight months.
Adrenalectomy ; Adrenocortical Carcinoma* ; Adult ; Child ; Cushing Syndrome ; Feminization ; Hair ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Rare Diseases ; Virilism

In 2005, the ILAE conceptually defined epilepsy as a disorder of the brain, characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures and by its psychosocial consequences. In clinical practice, this definition of epilepsy is usually taken to mean at least two unprovoked seizures more than 24 h apart. The operational definition for special circumstances that do not meet the criteria of two unprovoked attacks has been recommended. In 2014, the ILAE refined the practical definition of epilepsy. With this definition, epilepsy is a disease of the brain with either: (1) at least two unprovoked (or reflex) seizures occurring more than 24 h apart; (2) one unprovoked (or reflex) seizure and a probability of further seizures similar to the general recurrence risk (at least 60%) after two unprovoked seizures, occurring over the next 10 years; (3) diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome. Epilepsy is considered to be resolved for individuals past the applicable age of an age-dependent epilepsy syndrome or those who have remained seizure-free for the past 10 years, without seizure medicines for the past 5 years.
Brain ; Diagnosis ; Epilepsy* ; Recurrence ; Seizures

We report, herein, a case of reactive perforating collagenosis in a 52-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure on hemodialysis. He had multiple, pinhead to pea sized, round or oval shaped, central umbilicated papules on the face, trunk, and extremities for 3 months duration. The papules developed after scratching due to pruritus. Histopathologic examination showed a cup-shaped depression of the epidermis filled with parakeratotic material, necrobiotic collagen and inflammatory cells. At the base of the depression, the epidermis showed interruption through which basophilic bundles of collagen ex-tend in a vertical direction from the dermis. The skin lesions improved after treatment with oral antihistaminics:
Basophils ; Collagen ; Depression ; Dermis ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Epidermis ; Extremities ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Middle Aged ; Peas ; Pruritus ; Renal Dialysis ; Skin

STUDY DESIGN: A review of the literature regarding anterior cervical surgery in degenerative cervical radiculopathy. OBJECTIVES: To review and discuss anterior cervical spine surgery. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Anterior cervical spine surgery is commonly used to treat numerous pathologic entities and is expected to increase with the development of surgical techniques and instruments. Nevertheless, there is some controversy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Literatures review. RESULTS: Surgical treatments using the anterior approach in degenerative cervical disease have shown excellent results. A range of techniques using plate augmentation and artificial disc replacement are now accepted as effective methods. CONCLUSIONS: The appropriate method considering the pathologic status of the patient and surgeon's surgical experience can prevent complications and lead to excellent surgical outcomes.
Humans ; Radiculopathy ; Spine ; Total Disc Replacement

No abstract available.
Laparoscopy* ; Pelvic Pain*

No abstract available.
Hemangioma*

No abstract available.
Pulmonary Aspergillosis*

No abstract available.
Bilophila*