Hamartoma of the bladder is quite a rare entity which is composed of a disorderly admixture of mature cellular elements normally present in the urinary bladder. There is a great controversy regarding the pathogenesis of this lesion. Whether it is a true hamartomatous lesion or metaplastic lesion developed secondary to the inflammatory process. Similar or identical lesions has often been given by other names such as florid examples of cystitis glandularis. We prefer to cell florid examples of cystitis glandularis rather than hamartoma when it was occurred in an old age higher then 50th decade. Here we report a case of hamartoma of the urinary bladder in 44 years old man. Cystoscopic examination revealed a papillary polypoid mass which was attached to the fundus of bladder by long stalk. The mass measured 1.5 cm in greatest diameter. It was composed of epithelial nests resembling von Brunn's nest, cystitis glandularis or cystitis cystica dispersed in a stroma rich in smooth muscle and fibrous tissue.
Hamartoma

On 6 healthy adult males aged 20-30 years, oxygen pulse was observed during carrying sand bags weighting 10, 20 and 30kg on a level treadmill running with speeds of 3,4 and 5 km/hr. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Oxygen pulse during load carrying on a level treadmill was proportionately increased with an increase of work load, average oxygen uptake per minute. Regression equation of oxygen pulse (y: ml/beat) on the average oxygen uptake (x:l/min) required for each grade of work was expressed as y=3.34x + 5.99, sy.x=0.858. 2. Oxygen pulse reached the highest value 2-5 minutes after the start of load carrying, and thereafter it decreased gradually to some extend as the load carrying was continued. Rate of decrease in the oxygen pulse was gerater in lighter works. 3. In lighter works requiring less than 2.0 l/min of oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse was larger in case of carrying a losd by embrace, in both hands and on head than on back or on shoulder.
Adult ; Hand ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Oxygen* ; Running ; Shoulder ; Silicon Dioxide

On 6 healthy adult males aged 20-30 years, oxygen pulse was observed during carrying sand bags weighting 10, 20 and 30kg on a level treadmill running with speeds of 3,4 and 5 km/hr. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Oxygen pulse during load carrying on a level treadmill was proportionately increased with an increase of work load, average oxygen uptake per minute. Regression equation of oxygen pulse (y: ml/beat) on the average oxygen uptake (x:l/min) required for each grade of work was expressed as y=3.34x + 5.99, sy.x=0.858. 2. Oxygen pulse reached the highest value 2-5 minutes after the start of load carrying, and thereafter it decreased gradually to some extend as the load carrying was continued. Rate of decrease in the oxygen pulse was gerater in lighter works. 3. In lighter works requiring less than 2.0 l/min of oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse was larger in case of carrying a losd by embrace, in both hands and on head than on back or on shoulder.
Adult ; Hand ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Oxygen* ; Running ; Shoulder ; Silicon Dioxide

Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, associated with marked inflammatory cells (of mast cells and eosinophils) and severe itching, which leads to clinical problems in the pediatric population. This study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of luteolin liposome solution, that is entrapped the hydrophobic luteolin (one of the flavonoids) into ethosome to improve its stability, by using hapten-induced atopic dermatitis animal model (NC/Nga mice).The luteolin liposome treated mice showed anti-inflammatory effect as evidenced by the lowering of erythema and edema in clinical observation, reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration and epidermal thickness in histopathological examination, when compared with TNCB induced controls. Luteolin liposome solution also reduced the serum IgE level which played important roles in the atopic dermatitis model. These results suggest that luteolin liposome solution has some merit in this formulation showing inhibitory effects for the atopic dermatitis.
Animals ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Edema ; Erythema ; Immunoglobulin E ; Liposomes ; Luteolin ; Mast Cells ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Pruritus ; Skin Diseases

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of CT using water as an oral contrast material in a prone position in determining the depth of tumor invasion in gastric cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty three patients(19 male, 14 female) with surgically confirmed gastric cancer were studied. We performed CT in a prone position after ingestion of 1 liter of pure water. CT findings were classified into 4 groups by the morphologic appearances of infiltrates in the perigastric fat plane :normal perigastric fat(SO), fine mottled densities(S1), irregular aggregated or linear densities(S2) and direct extension and invasion of tumor into contiguous structures(S3). Also we prospectively compared the CT staging with pathologic T staging according to the TNM systems. RESULTS: The overall accuracy of CT staging in determining the pathologic T factor was 69.6%. As we regarded T1 and T2 lesions as one group on CT, the accuracy of CT staging was increased to 80.2% because of a limitation of CT for distinguishing T1 from T2 lesions. CONCLUSION: Prone position CT using water as an oral contrast agent is quite accurate in determining the T staging of gastric carcinoma.
Eating ; Humans ; Male ; Prone Position* ; Prospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Water*

BACKGROUND: Activated clotting time (ACT) and thromboelastography (TEG) are generally accepted as adequate measures of the coagulation system for monitoring of the cardiac system. Aprotinin is alleged to affect ACT and TEG. We performed this study to see if the determination of ACT and TEG can provide a basis for the assessment of coagulation and the prediction of postoperative hemorrhage in cardiac surgical patients treated with aprotinin. METHODS: Twenty patients undergoing cardiac operation were studied. The values (control) of ACT and TEG were obtained just after induction of anesthesia. Each patient was fully heparinized and received aprotinin, 2,000,000 KIU added to the prime solution. At the end of the procedure, protamine, 3 mg/kg was given for the neutralization of heparin. Measurement of ACT and TEG were made 20 minutes after the administration of protamine, at the end of surgery, and 1 hour after transfer to ICU. The values were compared with the amount of hemorrage collected by chest tubes 1 hour, 2 hours and 8 hours after transferred to ICU. RESULTS: The values of ACT at 20 minutes after protamine administration and at the end of surgery significantly (P < 0.05) increased compared with the values of control, but the values in ICU did not show significant change. All values of TEG significantly (P < 0.05) changed compared with the values of control. No single variable of ACT and TEG showed correlation with the amount of hemorrhage through chest tubing postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that neither ACT nor TEG predict the amount of postperative hemorrhage in aprotinin-treated patients having cardiac surgery. Therefore the TEG results should be interpreted cautiously because of the high rate of unreliable results.
Anesthesia ; Aprotinin* ; Chest Tubes ; Hemorrhage* ; Heparin ; Humans ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thorax ; Thrombelastography*

Purpose: To report a case of oncocytoma of the eyelid.Case summary: A 70-year-old male visited the ophthalmic clinic, complaining of a mass on his right lower eyelid that had grown steadily in size over the period of 1 year. At the time of his visit, his best-corrected visual acuity was 0.8 in the right eye and 0.8 in the left eye. The eyelid mass had a shape similar to that of a conjunctival nevus, and there was neither pain nor discharge. The eyelid mass was excised under local anesthesia. The mass biopsy presented as oval polygonal cells rich in eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm. Based on this finding, the patient was diagnosed with oncocytoma of the eyelid. The patient has been under follow-up without further treatment or recurrence. Conclusions Oncocytoma of the eyelids is rare and has not been reported in Koreans; however, very rare but aggressive forms have been reported. Thus, it is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis through biopsy and close follow-up.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between ophthalmic parameters—including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography findings—and foveal pit restoration in eyes that had undergone vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) removal. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed data of patients who underwent pars planar vitrectomy for the removal of epirentinal membrane. Only eyes with iERM above stage 2 with a follow-up over 6 months were included. Baseline data and changes in ophthalmic parameters were analyzed from 3 months before to 12 months after surgery. Additionally, we stratified iERM patients into two groups (foveal pit restoration and no restoration group). Longitudinal comparison analyses between the two groups were done in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) areas measurements using swept-source OCT and OCT angiography. Results: Forty-three patients with a mean age of 75 ± 5 years were enrolled. After surgery, BCVA, FAZ, and CFT showed improvements over time (all p < 0.002). Thirty-one patients were designated into the foveal pit restoration (R) group and 12 patients into the no restoration (NR) group. Differences in BCVA and FAZ area in both groups existed up to 6 months. However, BCVA improved and FAZ expanded (R, 0.20 ± 0.05 vs. NR, 0.18 ± 0.04) in both groups showing no statistical difference 12 months postsurgery. The CFT decreased in both groups, but the R group was thinner at every point compared to the NR group (all p < 0.05). Conclusions The removal of epirentinal membrane in pars planar vitrectomy significantly improves BCVA, decreases the CFT and expands the FAZ. Foveal pit restoration improves BCVA, CFT, and FAZ area possibly at a faster rate in the early months but long-term improvements could be achieved regardless of the status of foveal pit restoration.

The review of normal intravenous pyelography can give us important criteria of the diseases of the urinary system and the adjacent organs. Authors analyzed 200 cases of intravenous pyelography of normal Korean adults and measured the following points; the length of kidneys, the distance from midline to both poles, the slope degree of longitudinal axis, the ureteral length and width, the shortest distance from midline to abdominal ureters, the longest distance form midline to pelvic ureters, and configuration of urinary bladder. The results were obtained as follows; 1. The average length of kidneys in adult male was 12.53±0.78 cm on right, 12.83±0.82cm on left; in adult female, 12.08±0.72cm on right, 12.46±0.73cm on left. In the age distribution, the length gradually became shorter by getting old. In 20% of cases, right kidney was longer than left. 2. The average distance from both the renal poles to midline was longer in male compared to female. The distance from upper pole to the midline was longer in left side than right in male, but in the lower pole, there was no difference in both sexes. 3. The slope degree of the renal longitudinal axis was larger in male than in female, and lager in right kidney compared to left. 4. The length of ureter was longer on left, but there was no remarkable difference between both sexes. 5.The short set distance from midline to abdominal ureter, there was no remarkable difference between both sexes and also between right and left side. But concerning the longest distance from midline to pelvic ureter, it was longer in female; and especially in female, right side was shorter than left. 6. The longitudinal diameter of urinary bladder was longer in male, but horizontal diameter was longer in female.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract ; Urography

PURPOSE: Colorectal perforation is a rare malady, but it usually presents abdominal emergency with high morbidity and mortality. It is very difficult to diagnose stercoral, idiopathic, or steroid induced perforation because these are very rare, but they show high mortality. The aims of this study are to: 1) evaluate and compare the characteristics of stercoral, idiopathic and steroid induced perforation with other perforations; and to 2) guide the diagnostic approach and treatment of these rare colon perforations. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed thirty five patients underwent surgery for colorectal perforation at the Department of Surgery, Daedong Hospital, from November 1996 to January 2005. Age, gender, perforation site, grade of peritonitis, methods of operation and mortality rates were compared between the various causes. Logistic regression was used to evaluate their effect on mortality. RESULTS: There were 10 cases of iatrogenic colorectal injuries (28%), 7 of steroid induced colorectal perforation (20%), 5 of stab (14%), 4 of diverticulitis (11%), 4 of stercoral (11%), 3 of idiopathic (8%), and 2 of cancer induced perforation (5%). Total mortality rate of all the cases was 28.5% (10 out of 35) but the mortality of stercoral, steroid induced and idiopathic perforation was 57% (8 out of 14). The mortality rate was higher in older age group (60 years above) (40%), stercoral (75%), steroid induced (57%) and idiopathic (33%), preoperative systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) (42%), preoperative septic shock (83%), abnormal WBC count (10,000/mm3 above or 4,000/mm3 below) (53%), left colon perforation (36%) and diffuse peritonitis (56%). The mortality rate was lower in young age group (13%), iatrogenic (10%), stab (0%), right colon perforation (10%) and localized peritonitis (5%). The peritonitis grade (Hinchey's stage) of idiopathic group, cancer and stercoral was worse (III-IV grade: 75%, 100%, 75%) than that of diverticulitis, iatrogenic and stab (III-IV grade: 25%, 30%, 40%). CONCLUSION: The stercoral, steroid induced and idiopathic colorectal perforation was rare, difficult to diagnose but it showed high mortality. The characteristics of these are an older age, presenting with a high peritonitis grade, preoperative SIRS, preoperative septic shock, and occurrence below the splenic flexure. If surgeons encounter these perforations, they should perform prompt surgical management and intensive postoperative care to reduce the mortality.
Colon ; Colon, Transverse ; Diverticulitis ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mortality ; Peritonitis ; Postoperative Care ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock, Septic