Ischemia and reperfusion of skeletal muscle occurs in acute vascular occlusion and revascularization, in elective vascular surgery, in upper and lower extremity surgery by means of a tourniquet, and in free transplantation of muscle containing cutaneous flaps. During revascularization of skeletal muscle after ischemia, lipid mediators, mainly eicosanoids are released that may have a role in the pathogenesis of reperfusion injury. The exact role of eicosanoids in the imposed ischemia-reperfusion induced functional deficits in skeletal muscle is still unknown, we compared tissue edema and the changes of eicosanoids and the effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin in the rat right hindlimb by application of tourniquet ischemia-reperfusionn injury. After 4-hours of ischemia, reperfusion was established 4 hours by releasing tourniquet. Experimental groups comparised ischemia-reperfused animals pretreated with indomethacin 20 mg/kg. The control animals received normal saline, 4 hours of ischemia without reperfusion. To assess tissue edema, wet/dry weight ratios were determined and the concentrations of prostaglandins and thromboxane were measured by the high performance liquid chromatography with UV detector at 195 nm. Ischemia itself did not result in muscle edema and did not increase the release of cyclooxygenase metabolites, but muscle edema(52%, p<0.01), and the relase of 6-keto-PGFalpha(151%, p<0.01), thromboxane B2(98%, p<0.05), and PGE2(127%, p<0.01) were significantly increased by reperfusion. Indomethacin treatment ameliorated limb edema(35%, p<0.05 versus ischemis-reperfusion control) and decreased 6-keto-PGF1alpha(65%, p<0.05) releases. These results support view that cyclooxygenase products may play significant roles in the formation of ischemic muscle edema and suggest that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents and eicosanoids antagonists might be beneficial to the management of acute limb ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Edema* ; Eicosanoids* ; Extremities ; Hindlimb ; Indomethacin ; Ischemia* ; Lower Extremity ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Prostaglandins ; Rats* ; Reperfusion Injury* ; Reperfusion* ; Tourniquets

No Abstract Available.
Female ; Mammaplasty*

This study intended to obtain an useful information on the prevalence of subjective symptoms, and to clarify the interrelationships between blood lead and lead related symptoms in low level lead exposure. The 93 male workers exposed to lead and 56 male nonexposed workers were examined for their blood lead (PBB), Zinc-protoporphy (ZPP), hemoglobin (HB) and personal history, and completed 15 questionnaires related to symptoms of lead absorption; also measured lead concentration in air (PBA) in the workplace. The results obtained were as follow; 1. The means of blood lead (PBB), blood ZPP and hemoglobin (HB) among workers exposed to lead were 26.1+/-8.8 microgram/dl, 28.3+/-26.0 microgram/dl and 16.2+/-1.2g/dl; whereas those of nonexposed workers were 18.7+/-5.1 microgram/dl, 20.6+/-8.7 microgram/dl and 17.3+/-1.1g/dl. The means of above three indicies between two groups showed significant difference statistically (p<0.05). 2. The means of blood lead (PBB), blood ZPP and hemoglobin of workers exposed to different lead concentration in air were as follows; When it was below 25 microgram/m3 , the indices were 24.7+/-79, 26.1+/-26.8 microgram/dl and 16.4+/-1.1 g/dl respectively; These indices were 27.1+/-8.5, 23.9+/-10.92 /dl and 16.2+/-1.3 g/dl when the lead concentration in air was 25~50 microgram/m3; and they were 3.4+/-9.3, 42.3+/-31.3 microgram/dl and 15.5+/-1.2 g/dl when the concentration of lead was above 50 microgram/m3. Although there were statistical difference in blood lead and hemoglobin among three different lead concentration in air, there was no statistical difference of blood ZPP among the three groups with different exposure levels (p>0.05). 3. The most frequently by complained symptom was "Generalized weakness and fatigue", and fewest symptom was "Intermittent pains in abdomen". 4. Only two symptoms out of fifteen symptoms checked by themselves revealed significant difference between exposed and nonexposed groups. These were "Intermittent pains of abdomen" and "Joint pain or arthralgia" (p<0.05). No positive correlation was found between the levels of blood lead and symptom groups categorized as gastrointestinal, neuromuscular and constitutional symptoms. 5. Blood lead (r=0.3995) and ZPP (r=0.2837) showed statistically significant correlation with mean lead concentration in air, whereas correlations were not demonstrated between blood lead and lead related symptoms or blood ZPP and lead related symptoms. 6. Blood lead (PBB) and ZPP showed association (r=0.2466) and the equation PBB=23.75+0.0842 ZPP was derived. 7. On stepwise multiple regression, using blood lead level as a dependent variable and ZPP, hemoglobin (HB), age, work duration (WD) and symptom prevalence as a independent variables, only ZPP significantly contributed a lot to blood lead level. 8. While the ZPP measurement was found to be a good indicator in evaluating health effect of lead absorption in low level lead exposure, lead related symptoms were not sensitive enough to evaluate of lead absorption in low level exposure.
Absorption ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

During the microsurgery or during the postoperative period, the occurrence of the vascular spasm increases the failure rate of microvascular anastomosis,and in cases of trauma, the thrombogenic possibility is increased by the endothelial damage. The author thought that the vascular freezing of crushed vessels could improve the patency rate of microvascular anastomosis. Vascular freezing destroys most of the cells in the intima and media. There by causing degeneration of adrenergic fibers. Even though regeneration occurs after 2-3 weeks, regeneration in the smooth muscle layer is still incomplete. So vascular freezing has beneficial effects on relief of vasospasm. Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 300 g each were inflicted with crushing injury on the femoral arteries of the right side and the crushing injury with vascular freezing on the femoral arteries of the left side. The gross and histologic findings, as well as the patency rates, were observed at the postoperative 2nd, 10th, and 30th day,and the results were compared between the crushed and crush-freezing groups. The left side (crush-freezing group) showed less vasospasm and less thrombogenesis than the right side (crushed group). There were no significant differences in the patency rate between the crushed group and crush-freezing group. Vascular freezing is suggested to be effective on a potentially thrombogenic, endothelial damaged vessel as a prophylactic treatment method against vasospasm. Clinical application of vascular freezing awaits further experimentation.
Adrenergic Fibers ; Endothelium* ; Femoral Artery ; Freezing* ; Microsurgery ; Muscle, Smooth ; Postoperative Period ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration ; Spasm

BACKGROUND: Cardiogenic embolic infarction is the most preventable type of ischemic stroke. This study was under-taken to compare the infarct size, prognosis, and risk factors between cardiogenic embolic infarction (CE) and large artery atherosclerotic infarction (LAA). METHODS:We reviewed the medical records and brain computed tomography/magnetic resonance image (CT/MRI) scans of patients with CE or LAA during the period between January 1996 and May 1998. Patients with lacunar and posterior circulation infarctions were excluded. A slice of brain CT/MRI scan showing the largest lesion was selected in each patient and the area of infarction was then measured. Prognosis was determined by the Modified Rankin Disability Scale (MRDS) and was grouped as either good (MDRS 0, 1, 2) or poor (MDRS 3, 4, 5). RESULTS: The study included 103 patients : 50 with CE (NVAF in 23, VHD with or without AF in 13, prosthetic valve in 6, and others in 8) and 53 with LAA (large artery thrombosis in 29, and artery to artery embolism in 24). The infarct size of CE (23.2+/-14.7 cm2) was significantly larger than that of LAA (11.4+/-10.5 cm2) (p<0.001). The infarct size of NVAF (29.0+/-19.1 cm2) was significantly larger than that of VHD with or without AF (19.2+/-11.5 cm2) (p<0.05). Patients with CE had a worse prognosis (poor in 46%) than those with LAA (poor in 23%) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that CE led to larger lesions and worse outcomes. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of primary and secondary preventions of stroke in patients with cardiogenic embolic sources.
Arteries* ; Brain ; Embolism ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Medical Records ; Prognosis* ; Risk Factors ; Secondary Prevention ; Stroke ; Thrombosis

A series of 135 cases of pterygium observed at the Eye Dept. in the National Medical Center from April 1963 to May 1966, were treated with thio-tepa after the surgical removal and were studied clinically in regard to the incidence of the recurrence. Among the total series, only one case showed no response to the thio-tepa instillation and the recurrence persisted. There was a case of allergic response to the thio-tepa, which has not been found in any reports known. No serious local or systemic toxcity or any sequelae such as corneal damages, defective vision or the interference with wound healing could be observed.
Incidence ; Korea* ; Pterygium ; Recurrence ; Thiotepa ; Wound Healing

No abstract available.
Rheumatic Diseases* ; Spondylarthropathies

The mechanisms involved in brain neuronal damage in ischemia are related to the elevation of cytosolic calcium concentration and calcium antagonist is considered as a promising drug that may alleviate ischemic neuronal damage. Using transient global ischemia model of Mongolian gerbil, we studied the effect of nimodipine, a cerebroselective calcium antagonist, on ischemic brain edema. We treated each gerbil intraperitoneally with nimodipine (lmg/kg) or the same amount of saline 30 minutes prior to ischemia, and transient global ischemia was induced by means of clipping both common carotid arteries either for 10 minutes or for 45 minutes. Three hours after reperfusion, the animals were decapitated and the water content of the bain was determined by oven dry method. With 10 minute ischemia the brain water content in nimodipine pretreatment group (78.6 +/- 0.2%) was lower than that in saline pretreatment group (79.1 +/- 0.4%) significantly (p<0.05). But with 45 minute ischemia nimodipine pretreatment did not reduce the postischemic increase of water content compared with saline pretreatment (79.8 +/- 0.4% and 79 6 +/- 0.4%, respectively; not significant). Our results suggest that nimodipine pretreatment may suppress the development of ischemic brain edema and its effect depends largely on the extent of brain ischemia.
Animals ; Brain Edema* ; Brain Ischemia ; Brain* ; Calcium ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Cytosol ; Gerbillinae* ; Ischemia ; Neurons ; Nimodipine* ; Reperfusion

IgE-mediated sensitization to natural rubber latex can induce immediate hypersensitivity reactions ranging from contact urticaria to life threatening anaphylaxis. Recent reports suggest that asthma is also relatively frequent manifestation of latex allergy. In this case report, lat,ex induced asthma is described in an operat.ing room nurse regularly exposed t,o latex gloves. Her latex sensitivity was detected by skin prick testing. Specific bronchial provocation test with latex extract showed an early asthmatic reaction. Her symptoms had been much improved after avoidance. Occupational asthma induced by latex may be not uncommon among health care workers.
Anaphylaxis ; Asthma ; Asthma, Occupational* ; Bronchial Provocation Tests ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; Latex ; Latex Hypersensitivity ; Personnel, Hospital* ; Rubber ; Skin ; Urticaria

A clinical evaluation was done on Il patients with postrenal acute renal failure who were admitted to the Busan National University Hospital during the period of 6 years and 8 months from Jan. 1976 to Aug. 1982. The results were as follow. 1. The patients were mean ages of 44.3 years, being thought somewhat older than other cause of renal failure. And the male was more frequently affected than the female. 2. The 2 most common causes of postrenal acute renal failure in 11 patients were malignant neoplasms (5 patients; 1 bladder Ca. 3 cervical Ca. and 1 retroperitoneal metastatic Ca.) and ureteral calculi (5 patients; 2 bilateral and 3 unilateral in solitary renal unit). 3. Ureteral obstructions were bilateral in 7 patients (14 ureters) and unilateral in 4 patients (4 ureters) in the solitary kidney. The involved site of ureteral obstructions were bilateral lower ureters in 5 patients (10 ureters), bilateral upper ureters in 1 patient (2 ureters), unilateral right upper ureter and left lower ureter in 1 patient 12 ureteral, and unilateral lower ureter in 4 patients (4 ureter). 4. Seven patients were treated with urinary diversion, 3 with ureteral catheterization and 1 with ureterolithotomy. Among 7 patients of urinary diversion, nephrotomy was done in 6 patients and double-barreled ureterocutaneostomy in 1 patient. 5. The prognosis was excellent in 10 patients and 1 patient was expired due to uremia and generalized marasmus following malignant neoplasm.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Busan ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Prognosis ; Protein-Energy Malnutrition ; Renal Insufficiency ; Uremia ; Ureter ; Ureteral Calculi ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urinary Catheters ; Urinary Diversion