A clinical observation was made on 20 patients of cryptorchism who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chormam University Medical School during the 10 years period from January 1968 to December 1977. The results were as follows: 1. Patients ranged in age from 4 to 33 years, with an average age of 11.5 years and 11 patients were between 6 and 10 years old. 2. of the 27 testes, 22 ( 81 %) were located in the inguinal canal, 4 (15 %) in the abdomen and 1 (4 %) in the subinguinal region. 3. Bilateral undescended testes were found in 7 cases, right in 9 cases and left in 4 cases. 4. Of presenting symptoms, pain in the inguinal region was complained in 3 cases (15 %) 5. Associated anomalies and diseases are hernia in 11 cases, azoospermia in 2 cases, congenital heart disease in 3 cases, epilepsy in 1 case and hydrocele in 1 case.
Abdomen ; Azoospermia ; Child ; Cryptorchidism* ; Epilepsy ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hernia ; Humans ; Inguinal Canal ; Male ; Schools, Medical ; Testis ; Urology

A clinical survey on Korean children patients (under 15 years old ) admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Medical School, during the 10 year period from January 1968 to December 1977 was made . The results were as follows: 1. Among 1354 cases of in-patients for the past 10 years, 145 cases were pediatric urologic patients or 10.7 %. 2. The ratio of male to female pediatric in-patients was 3.4 : 1. 3. School children (6 to 12 years of age) were most frequently seen (42.1 %). 4. The most common disease was genitourinary anomaly, 37.2 % of all cases, the genitourinary tumor, 15.2 %, genitourinary injury, 14.5 %, urinary lithiasis , 10. 3 %, and inguinal hernia. 4.8 %. 5. The most frequently involved organ was urethra (34. 5 %), followed by kidney ( 28.3 %) testis (14.5 %) and bladder (9. 0 %). 6. The most common duration of hospital stay was from 1 to 2 weeks ( 52. 4 %). 7. Of 145 cases, 114 operations were performed in 100 cases (69 %). The most common operation was urethroplasty (21.1 %), chordectomy (14.9 %), orchiopexy (12.3 %) nephrectomy (10.5 %) and cystolithotomy (9.6 %) in that order.
Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Kidney ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Orchiopexy ; Schools, Medical ; Testis ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urolithiasis ; Urology*

A case of fracture of the penis which had developed in a 57-year-old married male was presented with marked swelling and bending of the shaft of the penis due to hematoma formation. Evacuation of hematoma and suture of the reptured tunica albuginea resulted in good prognosis.
Hematoma ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penis* ; Prognosis ; Sutures

A case of crossed renal ectopia with fusion occurred in a 23-year-old female, who has suffered from left lower quadrant pain and left lower quadrant mass for about 4years, is presented with a brief review of the literatures.
Female ; Humans ; Young Adult

A 17 year-old female patient with chief complaints of pneumaturia and fecaluria was found to have s vesicocolonic fistula. A transurethral attempt to catheterize the suspect tract, which was on the left posterior wall of the bladder, and radiography, following injection of dye through the catheter, proved that the fistu1ous tract was communicating with the sigmoid colon. Excision of the fistulous tract corrected successfully the pathology. Histopathologic findings were of chronic non-specific colitis.
Adolescent ; Catheters ; Colitis ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Female ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Pathology ; Radiography ; Urinary Bladder

BACKGROUNDS: Moyamoya disease is a progressive occlusive cerebrovascular disease which has characteristics of distal ICA stenosis and basal collateral vessels. Various methods of surgical treatment are recommended in the literatures but surgical strategies and outcome are not well established yet. AIMS AND METHODS: The aims of study is to evaluate surgical outcomes of moyamoya disease and to establish surgical indications. Total 155 patients diagnosed with moyamoya disease since 1990, were analyzed retrospectively. Female was more predominant by 1.5 : 1. There were two peaks of age of onset at the 1st decade (39.0%) and 4th (15.9%). Familial occurrence was 6.8% (n=17). The mean duration of follow-up was 41.1 months (12-156 months). Moyamoya syndrome was excluded in this study. Surgical outcomes were measured by grading activity of daily living (ADL) and prognostic factors were analyzed statistically with SAS. RESULT: The most common clinical presentations were transient ischemic attacks (69.1%), followed by cerebral infarction (26.0%) and hemorrhage (4.9%) in pediatric patients, but in adult hemorrhage (49.2%) was the most prevalent. Recurrence of symptoms developed in 8 patients (11.4%) among 70 of cerebral infarction with mean intervals of 30.8 months and 7 patients (21.9%) among 32 of hemorrhage with mean interval of 42.3 months. Forty five (29.0%) of 155 patients showed stenosis of posterior cerebral arteries on cerebral angiography at the age of diagnosis. The surgical treatment were performed at 183 hemispheres of 115 patients, direct bypass surgery was done in 10 hemispheres, indirect bypass surgery in 169 hemispheres (106 EDAMS, 14 EDAS, 40 frontal EDS or burr hole, 6 EDAMS and EDAS, 3 others), combined direct and indirect bypass surgery in 4 hemispheres. The improvement of ADL was not so different between 68 (59.1%) of 115 patients treated with surgery and 23 (57.5%) in 40 patients with conservative care. The initial and final grade of ADL of pediatric patients were better than those of adult (p<0.01). The grades of ADL of patients with transient ischemic attack were better than those with infarction or hemorrhage (p<0.01). Those patients with recurrent hemorrhage were poorer in the outcome than recurrent infarction (p<0.05). The incidence of recurrent infarction in the surgical cares was lower than that in conservative care (5.9% vs 26.3%, p<0.05), but there was no statistical difference between two groups with regard to rebleeding (8.3% vs 30.0%, p>0.1). Significant prognostic factors affecting outcomes of moyamoya disease age at onset, clinical features, and initial grade of ADL. CONCLUSION: Children with transient ischemic attack were the best, but adults with recurrent hemorrhage were the worst in outcomes. Surgical treatment for moyamoya disease should be carefully tailored according to age of onset and clinical features regardless of surgical methods. Further prospective study is indicated to determine optimal treatment guideline for moyamoya disease.
Activities of Daily Living ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Infarction ; Child ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Moyamoya Disease* ; Posterior Cerebral Artery ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

Uterine artery embolization was introduced to arrest post-partum hemorrhage 20 years ago. It has also been used to control severe hemorrhage from uterine gestational trophoblast tumors, carcinoma of the uterus, uterine arteriovenous malformations, and cases of pelvic trauma. More recently, transcatheter uterine artery embolization is a new treatment for uterine leiomyoma. A 33-year old married woman with 2 children had a history of heavy pelvic pain and pressure. Ultrasound and MRI investigation showed a bulky 12 x 10cm submucosal myoma in right lower uterine segment. The both uterine artery embolization was performed via a bilateral femoral artery. We present a case in which successful embolization of the uterine arteries in a woman with submucosal myoma resulted in a subsequent transcervical expulsion of large pieces of the dominant fibroid after 3 month of treatment with a brief review.
Adult ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Child ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myoma* ; Pelvic Pain ; Trophoblastic Neoplasms ; Ultrasonography ; Uterine Artery Embolization* ; Uterine Artery* ; Uterus

Evaluation of postpneumonectomy space (PPS) by CT in patients with lung cancer for operation-related complication or tumor recurrence is critical, but often difficult. We retrospectively analysed CT scans of 38 patients who underwent pneumonectomy for lung cancer. CT scans were obtained on 7-10th post-operative day for baseline image and at varying intervals of 2 to 24 months thereafter. Usual postoperative findings in patients without complication included mediastinal shifting, changes in subpleural space, changes in parietal pleura, and herniation of contralateral lung. Four patients had postoperative complications including empyema(n=3) and bronchopleural fistula(n=2). Twelve patients showed findings of tumor recurrence such as lymph node metastasis, local recurrence, and pericardial and contralateral pleural effusion. By comparing follow-up CT with baseline CT, we were able to detect early cancer recurrence and postoperative complications. Our results indicate that serial chest CT play an important role in the evaluation of the patients who underwent pneumonectomy for lung cancer.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pleura ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumonectomy* ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

In this article, the ethical statement was missing.

BACKGROUND: Human cells are almost never spontaneously immortalized in vitro. We tried to immortalize human fetal hepatocytes (h-FH) and evaluate the differentiational status and its change. METHODS: Hepatocytes were isolated from a liver fragment of 20 week old fetus and infected with amphotropic recombinant retrovirus containing a temperature- sensitive mutant of SV40 large T antigen and neomycin phosphotransferase gene. G418 resistant colonies were cloned and expanded. The cells which were able to divide more than 30 times were used to analyze various functions. RESULTS: The immortalization rate was 3.3 x 10-8 and two cell lines (C11, D21) were established. C11-60, C11-80, D21-30 and D21-60 (suffix number means the cell division counts) were evaluated. D21-30 was thougt to be imcompletely immortalized because a considerable portion of cells died during culture. The morphology was similar to that of epithelial cells except for D21-30 which looked like fibroblast. The cells grew rapidly at 33oC but stopped growing at 39oC. T antigen and p53 was expressed at 33oC but disappeared at 39oC, which suggest that T antigen binds to p53. Chromosomal changes were so marked that it was impossible to discriminate exact number. Albumin was secreted as about 1/10 as that of h-FH, but alpha-fetoprotein secretion stopped after immortalization. Telomerase was activated in both cell lines except for the incompletely immortalized cells D21-30. Telomere was elongated in competely immortalized cell lines, but it was rather shortened in D21-30 compared to that of h-FH. Macroscopic colonies did not develop in soft agar assay. CONCLUSIONS: We successfully immortalized human fetal hepatocytes. Although the cells are not likely to have oncogenicity, the functions are not so good, possibly due to marked chromosomal changes which are thought to occur before telomerase is activated during immortalization step.
Agar ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; Antigens, Viral, Tumor* ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; Epithelial Cells ; Fetus ; Fibroblasts ; Hepatocytes* ; Humans* ; Kanamycin Kinase ; Liver ; Retroviridae* ; Telomerase ; Telomere