A clinical observation was made on 20 patients of cryptorchism who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chormam University Medical School during the 10 years period from January 1968 to December 1977. The results were as follows: 1. Patients ranged in age from 4 to 33 years, with an average age of 11.5 years and 11 patients were between 6 and 10 years old. 2. of the 27 testes, 22 ( 81 %) were located in the inguinal canal, 4 (15 %) in the abdomen and 1 (4 %) in the subinguinal region. 3. Bilateral undescended testes were found in 7 cases, right in 9 cases and left in 4 cases. 4. Of presenting symptoms, pain in the inguinal region was complained in 3 cases (15 %) 5. Associated anomalies and diseases are hernia in 11 cases, azoospermia in 2 cases, congenital heart disease in 3 cases, epilepsy in 1 case and hydrocele in 1 case.
Abdomen ; Azoospermia ; Child ; Cryptorchidism* ; Epilepsy ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hernia ; Humans ; Inguinal Canal ; Male ; Schools, Medical ; Testis ; Urology

A clinical survey on Korean children patients (under 15 years old ) admitted to the Department of Urology, Chonnam University Medical School, during the 10 year period from January 1968 to December 1977 was made . The results were as follows: 1. Among 1354 cases of in-patients for the past 10 years, 145 cases were pediatric urologic patients or 10.7 %. 2. The ratio of male to female pediatric in-patients was 3.4 : 1. 3. School children (6 to 12 years of age) were most frequently seen (42.1 %). 4. The most common disease was genitourinary anomaly, 37.2 % of all cases, the genitourinary tumor, 15.2 %, genitourinary injury, 14.5 %, urinary lithiasis , 10. 3 %, and inguinal hernia. 4.8 %. 5. The most frequently involved organ was urethra (34. 5 %), followed by kidney ( 28.3 %) testis (14.5 %) and bladder (9. 0 %). 6. The most common duration of hospital stay was from 1 to 2 weeks ( 52. 4 %). 7. Of 145 cases, 114 operations were performed in 100 cases (69 %). The most common operation was urethroplasty (21.1 %), chordectomy (14.9 %), orchiopexy (12.3 %) nephrectomy (10.5 %) and cystolithotomy (9.6 %) in that order.
Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Kidney ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Orchiopexy ; Schools, Medical ; Testis ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urolithiasis ; Urology*

A case of crossed renal ectopia with fusion occurred in a 23-year-old female, who has suffered from left lower quadrant pain and left lower quadrant mass for about 4years, is presented with a brief review of the literatures.
Female ; Humans ; Young Adult

A case of fracture of the penis which had developed in a 57-year-old married male was presented with marked swelling and bending of the shaft of the penis due to hematoma formation. Evacuation of hematoma and suture of the reptured tunica albuginea resulted in good prognosis.
Hematoma ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penis* ; Prognosis ; Sutures

A 17 year-old female patient with chief complaints of pneumaturia and fecaluria was found to have s vesicocolonic fistula. A transurethral attempt to catheterize the suspect tract, which was on the left posterior wall of the bladder, and radiography, following injection of dye through the catheter, proved that the fistu1ous tract was communicating with the sigmoid colon. Excision of the fistulous tract corrected successfully the pathology. Histopathologic findings were of chronic non-specific colitis.
Adolescent ; Catheters ; Colitis ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Female ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Pathology ; Radiography ; Urinary Bladder

BACKGROUNDS: Moyamoya disease is a progressive occlusive cerebrovascular disease which has characteristics of distal ICA stenosis and basal collateral vessels. Various methods of surgical treatment are recommended in the literatures but surgical strategies and outcome are not well established yet. AIMS AND METHODS: The aims of study is to evaluate surgical outcomes of moyamoya disease and to establish surgical indications. Total 155 patients diagnosed with moyamoya disease since 1990, were analyzed retrospectively. Female was more predominant by 1.5 : 1. There were two peaks of age of onset at the 1st decade (39.0%) and 4th (15.9%). Familial occurrence was 6.8% (n=17). The mean duration of follow-up was 41.1 months (12-156 months). Moyamoya syndrome was excluded in this study. Surgical outcomes were measured by grading activity of daily living (ADL) and prognostic factors were analyzed statistically with SAS. RESULT: The most common clinical presentations were transient ischemic attacks (69.1%), followed by cerebral infarction (26.0%) and hemorrhage (4.9%) in pediatric patients, but in adult hemorrhage (49.2%) was the most prevalent. Recurrence of symptoms developed in 8 patients (11.4%) among 70 of cerebral infarction with mean intervals of 30.8 months and 7 patients (21.9%) among 32 of hemorrhage with mean interval of 42.3 months. Forty five (29.0%) of 155 patients showed stenosis of posterior cerebral arteries on cerebral angiography at the age of diagnosis. The surgical treatment were performed at 183 hemispheres of 115 patients, direct bypass surgery was done in 10 hemispheres, indirect bypass surgery in 169 hemispheres (106 EDAMS, 14 EDAS, 40 frontal EDS or burr hole, 6 EDAMS and EDAS, 3 others), combined direct and indirect bypass surgery in 4 hemispheres. The improvement of ADL was not so different between 68 (59.1%) of 115 patients treated with surgery and 23 (57.5%) in 40 patients with conservative care. The initial and final grade of ADL of pediatric patients were better than those of adult (p<0.01). The grades of ADL of patients with transient ischemic attack were better than those with infarction or hemorrhage (p<0.01). Those patients with recurrent hemorrhage were poorer in the outcome than recurrent infarction (p<0.05). The incidence of recurrent infarction in the surgical cares was lower than that in conservative care (5.9% vs 26.3%, p<0.05), but there was no statistical difference between two groups with regard to rebleeding (8.3% vs 30.0%, p>0.1). Significant prognostic factors affecting outcomes of moyamoya disease age at onset, clinical features, and initial grade of ADL. CONCLUSION: Children with transient ischemic attack were the best, but adults with recurrent hemorrhage were the worst in outcomes. Surgical treatment for moyamoya disease should be carefully tailored according to age of onset and clinical features regardless of surgical methods. Further prospective study is indicated to determine optimal treatment guideline for moyamoya disease.
Activities of Daily Living ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Infarction ; Child ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Moyamoya Disease* ; Posterior Cerebral Artery ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

Evaluation of postpneumonectomy space (PPS) by CT in patients with lung cancer for operation-related complication or tumor recurrence is critical, but often difficult. We retrospectively analysed CT scans of 38 patients who underwent pneumonectomy for lung cancer. CT scans were obtained on 7-10th post-operative day for baseline image and at varying intervals of 2 to 24 months thereafter. Usual postoperative findings in patients without complication included mediastinal shifting, changes in subpleural space, changes in parietal pleura, and herniation of contralateral lung. Four patients had postoperative complications including empyema(n=3) and bronchopleural fistula(n=2). Twelve patients showed findings of tumor recurrence such as lymph node metastasis, local recurrence, and pericardial and contralateral pleural effusion. By comparing follow-up CT with baseline CT, we were able to detect early cancer recurrence and postoperative complications. Our results indicate that serial chest CT play an important role in the evaluation of the patients who underwent pneumonectomy for lung cancer.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pleura ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumonectomy* ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

Uterine artery embolization was introduced to arrest post-partum hemorrhage 20 years ago. It has also been used to control severe hemorrhage from uterine gestational trophoblast tumors, carcinoma of the uterus, uterine arteriovenous malformations, and cases of pelvic trauma. More recently, transcatheter uterine artery embolization is a new treatment for uterine leiomyoma. A 33-year old married woman with 2 children had a history of heavy pelvic pain and pressure. Ultrasound and MRI investigation showed a bulky 12 x 10cm submucosal myoma in right lower uterine segment. The both uterine artery embolization was performed via a bilateral femoral artery. We present a case in which successful embolization of the uterine arteries in a woman with submucosal myoma resulted in a subsequent transcervical expulsion of large pieces of the dominant fibroid after 3 month of treatment with a brief review.
Adult ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Child ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myoma* ; Pelvic Pain ; Trophoblastic Neoplasms ; Ultrasonography ; Uterine Artery Embolization* ; Uterine Artery* ; Uterus

In this article, the ethical statement was missing.

PURPOSE: In general, pineal region tumors are managed by using microsurgical approach or stereoctactic biopsy. However, in selected cases endoscopic approach to pineal lesions might prove to be as effective as microsurgery and less invasive. We report an alternative surgical strategy for managing certain patients with pineal neoplasms that allows treatment of the symptomatic hydrocephalus as well as tumor biopsy under direct vision in the same sitting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients with pineal region tumors with associated hydrocephalus were treated in one session by endoscopic third ventriculostomy and endoscopic tumor biopsy at our institution from October 1996 to January 2000. All patients were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: There was no operative mortality. There was one cause of significant bleeding during biopsy, but was controlled endoscopically, and the patient recovered completely without neurologic deficit resulting from intra-operative bleeding. The symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure(ICP) have resolved in all patients, and the need for a shunt is completely eliminated. Histological diagnosis was achieved in 21 of the 22 patients by this procedure. A biopsy was not obtained in one patient. Although this pineal region tumor was seen endoscopically, this could not be biopsied because of technical difficulties in working around an enlarged massa intermedia. The lesions included fourteen germinomas, three mixed germ cell tumors, and one each of the followings: pineocytoma, pineoblastoma, pineocytoma/pineoblastoma(intermediate type), meningioma, and low grade glioma. Five of the 22 patients subsequently underwent formal microsurgical tumor removal. Additional chemotherapy or radiotherapy could then be initiated according to the histological diagnosis. CONCLUSION: We consider that endoscopy affords a minimally invasive way of reaching three objectives by one-step surgery in the management of pineal region tumors with associated hydrocephalus: 1) cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) sample for analysis of tumour markers and cytology, 2) treatment of hydrocephalus by third ventriculostomy, and 3) several biopsy specimens can be obtained identifying tumors which will require further open surgery or adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy. However, complications and morbidities should be emphasized so as to be avoided with further technical experience.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Endoscopy ; Germinoma ; Glioma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus* ; Meningioma ; Microsurgery ; Mortality ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Pinealoma ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Ventriculostomy