No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Infertility*

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Ploidies* ; Thyroid Gland*

No abstract available.
Bile Ducts* ; Bile*

The purpose of this study is to analyze degree of geographic maldistribution of physicians and changes in the distributional pattern in Korea over the years 1980-1985. In assessing the degree of distribution and in identifying changes in the distribution pattern, the Gini index of concentration was used. The geographical units selected for computation of the Gini index in this analysis are districts (Gu), cities (Si), and counties (Gun). Locational data for 1980 and 1985 were obtained from the population census data in the Economic Planning Board and regular reports of physicians in the Korean Medical Association. The rates of physician located countries to whole physicians were 10.4% in 1980 and 9.6% in 1985. In term of the ratio of physicians per 100,000 population, rural area had 9.18 physicians in 1980 and 12.95 in 1985, 7.13 general practitioner in 1980 and 7.29 in 1985, and 2.05 specialists in 1980 and 5.66 in 1985. Only specialists of general surgery and preventive medicine were distributed over 10% in county and distribution of every specialists except chest surgery in county increased in 1985, comparing with that rates of 1980. The Gini index computed to measure inequality of physician distribution in 1985 indicate as follows; physicians 0.3466, general practitioners 0.5479, and specialists 0.5092. But the Gini index for physicians and specialists fell -15.40% and -10.42% from 1980 to 1985, indication more even distribution. The changes in the Gini index over the period for specialists from 0.3639 to 0.4542 for districts, from 0.2510 to 0.1949 for cities, and 0.5303 for countries indicate distributional change of 24.81%, -22.35%, and 10.65% respectively. The Gini indices for specialists of neuro-surgery, chest surgery, plastic surgery, ophthalmology, tuberculosis, preventive medicine, and anatomical pathology in 1985 were higher than Gini indices in 1980.
Censuses ; General Practitioners ; Humans ; Korea ; Ophthalmology ; Pathology ; Preventive Medicine ; Rural Population ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Specialization ; Surgery, Plastic ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis

OBJECTIVE: Many cases of fertilization failure after ICSI is attributed to decondensation defect of sperm head, therefore, selection of sperm with well-condensed, fully-matured nucleus is critical for successful fertilization. During mammalian spermiogenesis, replacement of the somatic histones by protamines allows normal sperm nuclear condensation. The degree of condensation can be shown with the aid of acidic aniline blue staining, which is able to discriminate between lysine-rich histones and arginine- or cysteine-rich protamines. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible relation between nuclear maturity of human sperm and hypo-osmotic swelling patterns. Hypo-osmotic swelling test is very simple and convenient test to measure functional integrity of human sperm membrane, and each already tested sperms can be used for fertilization. METHODS: For assessment of sperm nuclear maturity, aniline blue staining was performed on the slides, already undergone hypo-osmotic swelling test in 5 subfertile patients with abnormal semen parameters and 8 fertile donors. After 3 hours swim-up, these procedures were repeated in each cases. RESULTS: Sperms with negative aniline blue were significantly increased after swim-up in each group. There was a significant increase in the proportion of negative aniline blue in sperms with swelling patterns(e+f+g) compared to sperms with non-swelling patterns(a), except swim-up group in subfertile patients. CONCLUSION: Choosing the swelling patterns, rather than non-swelling sperms after hypo-osmotic test may be beneficial for the selection of sperms with well-condensed, mature nucleus and intact membrane.
Fertilization ; Histones ; Humans ; Membranes ; Protamines ; Semen ; Sperm Head ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa* ; Tissue Donors

After medical insurance came into effect in Korea, health care system has undergone tremendous changes. Changing patterns of newly established clinics is one of them. To investigate changes and trends, a total of 10,184 clinics which were newly established from 1981 to 1990 were analysed. Data were obtained from the file of contracting medical facilities of the Federation of Medical Insurance Societies. The proportion of newly establishied clinics has increased gradually, so that they amount to 13% of the total medical facilities in Korea. Meanwhile, the number of newly established medium-size hospitals and general hospitals have decreased. The number of newly established clinics per 100, 000 populations has increased in the all areas, but the rate of increase has decreased in the cities except in 6 major cities in 1990. The rate of increase in newly established clinics surpasses that of population increase. This study has identified the trend of young physicians' early driving into their solo medical practice than before. This indicates chance of the medical specialty training nowadays toughen due to the limited openings in residency programs. However, the sex ratio of physicians at newly established clinics has not changed. The decreasing tendency to open medical practice without beds and the increasing size of clinics are found in this study(The size has been measured in terms of medical manpower, of beds, and of medical equipment in this study). Two thirds of general practitioners have opened their clinics without beds, although such trend has been less in the case of specialists. All three indicators show increasing size, especially in the case of rural clinics. However, among them, the number of medical equipments has increased most significantly from 8.9 items in 1981 to 12.9 in 1990.
Delivery of Health Care ; General Practitioners ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Insurance ; Internship and Residency ; Korea* ; Sex Ratio ; Specialization

No abstract available.
Blood Gas Analysis*

Eighty one cases of the pelvic fractures treated at the orthopedic department of Pusan National University Hospital during the period from January 1960 to August 1970, were analyzed clinically. The results obtained were as follow: 1. The causes of fractures of the pelvic bone were mostly due to traffic accident (83%), industrial injury (7.4%), fall from a height (6%) and direct injury (3.7%). 2. 60% of the pelvic bone fractures were complicated by other bone fractures and soft tissue injuries. 3. The most common complication was the injury of the urinary system, and in neglected cases to treat it, severe sequellae such as stricture and urinary fistula were developed. 4. In cases of perineal laceration, it was possible to associate the infection to the adjacent hip joint by direct spread. 5. Open fracture associating severe soft tissue injury had poor prognosis. 4 cases out of 5deaths had open fractures. 6. The main cause of death was the hypovolemic shock due to intrapelvic bleeding. Therefore, immediate massive transfusion as life-saving measure was stressed.
Accidents, Traffic ; Busan ; Cause of Death ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Fractures, Bone ; Fractures, Open ; Hemorrhage ; Hip Joint ; Lacerations ; Orthopedics ; Pelvic Bones ; Prognosis ; Shock ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Urinary Fistula

Five cases of corticosteroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head which were experienced at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catholic Medical College, are reported with review of literature. All patients received corticosteroids for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Prednisolone was the most common drug used, having been given to 3 patients. Two patients has received Dexacortisil alone or in combination with other corticosteroids. There was a considerable variation in the dosage, but in every case the dosage was in excess of physiological replacement. The total dosage administered in each patient was impossible to determine with any degree of accuracy. The duration of corticosteroid treatment varied. The shortest known period of treatment in this series was 12 months, the longest 60 months. The avascular necrosis noted in the eight femoral heads was treated conservatively in three and surgically in five. As a whole, metallic pinning in two cases, associating the fracture of the neck, cup arthroplasty in one and Austin-Moore hip prosthesis in two cases were performed. Five hips restored satisfactory range of motions, despite of the types of surgery.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthroplasty ; Head ; Hip ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Neck ; Necrosis ; Prednisolone