BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has been shown that the coronary flow reserve (CFR) of an infarct related artery can predict left ventricular functional recovery following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the prognostic value of CFR on the long-term clinical outcome of patients with an AMI has not been studied. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using a Doppler guide wire, we measured the CFR in 130 patients with an AMI following successful intervention (6+/-3 days after onset of the AMI). Two-year follow-up was conducted with regard to end points, including : cardiac death, non-fatal AMI, and severe congestive heart failure (CHF; > or = NYHA III). RESULTS: During the follow-ups, cardiac events occurred in 17 patients (5 deaths, 3 non-fatal AMIs and 9 severe CHFs). After analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curves, the best cut-off value for CFR in predicting cardiac events was 1.4 (sensitivity 76.5%, specificity 73.5%, accuracy 82.0%). With cardiac events as an end point, a 2-year Kaplan-Meier event survival analysis revealed that the patients with a CFR < or = 1.4 had a worse prognosis than those with a CFR >1.4 (Event free survival rates were 69.8% vs. 95.4%, respectively, p<0.001). Using Cox proportional hazard analyses, as an independent predictor, age, heart rate, CFR and left ventricular end systolic volume index, were also found to be significantly associated with cardiac events (hazard ratios 1.1224, 1.0404, 0.1887, and 1.0588, respectively). CONCLUSION: The coronary flow reserve, of infarct related arteries, measured during the early recovery phase can be used as an independent predictor for the prognosis of patients with an acute myocardial infarction following successful intervention.
Arteries ; Coronary Circulation ; Death ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Failure ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Prognosis ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stroke Volume ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The TIMI myocardial perfusion (TMP) grade is known as one of the methods to assess the viability of the myocardium in ischemic heart disease. This study was designed to assess the value of TMP grade itself and to evaluate the correlation with coronary flow reserve (CFR) in the prediction of left ventricular remodeling and functional change after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We measured CFR and TMP grade after successful elective PCI (diameter stenosis <0%, and TIMI flow 3) in 83 patients (mean age 55+/-1 years, 18 females) with AMI within 7 days of symptom onset. Left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), left ventricular end systolic volume index (LVESVI), ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular regional wall motion score index (LVRWMSI) were assessed by echocardiography just before and at 9 months after angioplasty (mean 9+/-5 months). RESULTS: Although they had achieved (TIMI 0.021) TIMI 3 flow after successful intervention, 27 of 83 patients (32.5%) had impaired myocardial perfusion. After PCI, angiographic TMP grade was well correlated with CFR measured using Doppler wire (TMP 0/1;1.4+/-0.3, TMP 2;1.9+/-0.6, TMP 3;2.2+/-0.4, rs=0.618, p=0.000). Post-PCI TMP grade was significantly related to the change of LVEDVI (r=0.452, p=0.000), LVESVI (r=0.435, p=0.000), LVEF (r=0.281, p=0.010) and LVRWMSI (r=0.328, p=0.036). CONCLUSION: The TMP grade, a simple angiographic method, might be useful as a predictor of LV volume and functional change in AMI. In the cardiac catheterization laboratory, it could simply replace CFR for the assessment of myocardial viability in patients who receive an elective PCI within 7 days of AMI onset.
Angioplasty ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Circulation ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Perfusion* ; Stents ; Stroke Volume ; Thymidine Monophosphate ; Ventricular Remodeling