Bowen's disease may be defined as an intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma of the skin whieh puraues a slow, relatively benign course but may progress into invasive carcinoma. We have experienced two female patients who had well demarcated, multicentric, brown to black colored flat-topped papules on the vulva with histopathologic features of intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma but showed entireIy different clinicaI appearance from Bowen's disease. For differentiation from extramammary Paget's disease, PAS stain and mucicarmine stain were done but not reacted to them, Both cases were diagnosed as multicentric pigmented Bowen's disease, and in case 2, regression occured after local appIication of 5-fluorouracil cream. A conservative approach to managment of these lesions is suggested. We have experienced peculiar entities and literatures were reviewed.
Bowen's Disease* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Paget Disease, Extramammary ; Skin ; Vulva

No abstract available.
Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed*

This study was designed to assess the relative merits of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in multivessel coronary artery disease (MVCAD), particularly for Korean diabetics. Among 3,279 patients with MVCAD who were recommended for revascularization were enrolled from nine centers in Korea, 2,154 were selected after statistical adjustments for the disparities between two groups. Survival rates were not significantly different for three years between two groups. Among diabetic patients, the three-year mortality rate in PCI group was 1.9-fold higher than that of CABG group, although it was not statistically significant (PCI 19.8%, CABG 11.4%, p=0.14). The three-year mortality rate was similar between the two groups in non-diabetics (PCI 8.3%, CABG 10.0%, p=0.50). The 30-day rate of cerebrovascular event was higher in CABG group, for both diabetic (CABG 3.6%, PCI 0.0%, p<0.001) and non-diabetic patients (CABG 2.4%, PCI 0.0%, p<0.001). Short- and long-term revascularization rates were higher in PCI group than in CABG group. As a conclusion, this Korean registry demonstrates that PCI was associated with comparable survival rates and lower short-term morbidity, but a greater requirement for repeated revascularization compared with CABG in Korean diabetics.
*Angioplasty, Transluminal, Percutaneous Coronary ; Comparative Study ; *Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Disease/*therapy ; Diabetic Angiopathies/*therapy ; Humans ; *Registries ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Despite many multicenter trials on percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), versus coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), in multivessel coronary artery disease (MVCAD), the most appropriate treatment remains a matter of debate. Moreover, studies comparing the 2 strategies in eastern society are rare. The aim of this study was to assess the relative merits of PCI and CABG in MVCAD in the post-stent era. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Patients, with MVCAD, indicated for revascularization were enrolled from 9 centers in Korea. Out of the 3,279 patients in the registry, 2102 (CABG 609 patients, PCI 1,493 patients) were selected for a comparison of their outcomes, after a statistical adjustments for the disparity for 6 independent risk factors, for the prognosis between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no significantly different in the 3 year survival rates between PCI and CABG groups. In the diabetic patients, the 3-year mortality rate in PCI group was 1.6-fold higher than in the CABG group, although it was not statistically significant (PCI 19.8%, CABG 12.5%, p=0.24). The incidence of cerebrovascular events (CVE) was higher in the CABG group. The thirty-day death rate, myocardial infarction or CVE were higher in the CABG group (PCI 1.3%, CABG 4.2%, p<0.001). Both the long and short-term revascularization rates were higher in PCI group compared to CABG group. CONCLUSION: Our Korean registry demonstrated a comparable survival rate between the PCI and CABG groups. A PCI was associated with a lower early morbidity, but with a greater need for repeated revascularization compared to a CABG.
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: We did electrovaporization to reduce the absorbed volume of irrigant and bleeding during TURP, and compared the effects on intraoperative and postoperative serum electrolyte, osmolality, and blood loss between this method and the classic TURP. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Of the 45 BPH patients, 21 patients underwent TURP (Group l), while the other 24 patients were electrovaporized with vaportrode(Group ll). They were followed preoperatively, 30 min intraoperatively, immediate postoperatively, 6 hours and 24 hours postoperatively with measurements of serum sodium, potassium, glucose and BUN. The amount of absorbed irrigant, serum osmolality, effective osmolality, blood loss were calculated and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Although the group ll showed a longer operation time and used a larger amount of irrigant than the group l, there was not a significant difference in the amount of blood loss between the two groups and lesser amount of irrigant was absorbed than the group l. There was not a significant decrease in postoperative serum Hb and Hct level compared with preoperative level in the group ll. Serum sodium level were significantly decreased during postoperative period every patients in the group l. The serum osmolality and effective osmolality levels were significantly decreased postoperatively as compared with the preoperative levels in the group l, but were not in the group ll. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that electrovaporization may be the effective method in preventing complications such as hyponatremia and hypoosmolality during perioperative period. This method may also be helpful in reducing blood loss.
Glucose ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Osmolar Concentration* ; Perioperative Period ; Postoperative Period ; Potassium ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Sodium ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate

Herpes zoster, an inflammatory human disease caused by varicella zoster virus, is characterized by papulovesicular lesions along the distribution of a sensory nerve. We experienced a herpes zoster in 23 day old premature infant. The papules were distributed on his skin corresponding to the dermatomes innervated by the left Th3-Th4. The diagnosis of herpes zoster was made with dermatomal distribution of typical skin lesions, pathologic findings of eosinophilic intranuclear body and multinucleated giant cells in skin lesion (biopsy specimen). Detection of VZV specific IgG and IgM in the sera of patient was carried out. He was successfully treated with topical and intravenous administration of acyclovir. We report this case with a review of related literatures.
Acyclovir ; Administration, Intravenous ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophils ; Giant Cells ; Herpes Zoster* ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Skin

BACKGROUND: Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show anti-inflammatory effect on osteoarthritis (OA); however, their biological effect and mechanism are not yet clearly understood. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) primed with IL-1β in osteoarthritic SW982 cells. METHODS: SW982 cells were treated with interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α to induce the OA phenotype. The effect of exosomes without priming (MSC-Exo) or with IL-1β priming (MSC-IL-Exo) was examined on the expression of pro- or anti-inflammatory factors, and the amount of IκBα was examined in SW982 cells. Exosomes were treated with RNase to remove RNA. The role of miR-147b was examined using a mimic and an inhibitor. RESULTS: MSC-IL-Exo showed stronger inhibitory effects on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) than MSC-Exo. The expression of anti-inflammatory factors (SOCS3 and SOCS6) was enhanced by MSCs-IL-Exo. Priming with IL-1β increased RNA content in MSC-IL-Exo, and pretreatment with RNase abolished anti-inflammatory effect in SW982 cells. miR-147b was found in much larger amounts in MSC-IL-Exo than in MSC-Exo. The miR-147b mimic significantly inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines, while the miR-147b inhibitor only partially blocked the anti-inflammatory effect of MSC-IL-Exo. MSC-IL-Exo and miR-147b mimic inhibited the reduction of IκBα, an nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) inhibitor, by IL-1β and TNF-α. CONCLUSION This study showed that MSC exosomes with IL-1β priming exhibit significantly enhanced anti-inflammatory activity in osteoarthritic SW982 cells. The effect of IL-1β-primed MSC exosomes is mediated by miRNAs such as miR-147b and involves inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.

BACKGROUND: Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show anti-inflammatory effect on osteoarthritis (OA); however, their biological effect and mechanism are not yet clearly understood. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) primed with IL-1β in osteoarthritic SW982 cells. METHODS: SW982 cells were treated with interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α to induce the OA phenotype. The effect of exosomes without priming (MSC-Exo) or with IL-1β priming (MSC-IL-Exo) was examined on the expression of pro- or anti-inflammatory factors, and the amount of IκBα was examined in SW982 cells. Exosomes were treated with RNase to remove RNA. The role of miR-147b was examined using a mimic and an inhibitor. RESULTS: MSC-IL-Exo showed stronger inhibitory effects on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) than MSC-Exo. The expression of anti-inflammatory factors (SOCS3 and SOCS6) was enhanced by MSCs-IL-Exo. Priming with IL-1β increased RNA content in MSC-IL-Exo, and pretreatment with RNase abolished anti-inflammatory effect in SW982 cells. miR-147b was found in much larger amounts in MSC-IL-Exo than in MSC-Exo. The miR-147b mimic significantly inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines, while the miR-147b inhibitor only partially blocked the anti-inflammatory effect of MSC-IL-Exo. MSC-IL-Exo and miR-147b mimic inhibited the reduction of IκBα, an nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) inhibitor, by IL-1β and TNF-α. CONCLUSION This study showed that MSC exosomes with IL-1β priming exhibit significantly enhanced anti-inflammatory activity in osteoarthritic SW982 cells. The effect of IL-1β-primed MSC exosomes is mediated by miRNAs such as miR-147b and involves inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.

Ketoconazole is one of the broad-spectrum oral antimycotic agents recently developed from imidazole derivatives. Authors performed multicenter trials to evaluate the therapeutic effect of ketoconazole in superficial fungal diseases. One hundred and eighty-four patients with superficial fungaI diseases were included in this study during 7 months from April to October, 1983 Patiets were treated with oral administration of 200 mg of ketoconazole(Nizoral) once a day for 4 weeks.-countinue-
Administration, Oral ; Humans ; Ketoconazole*

The Korean Society of Nephrology (KSN) launched the official End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Patient Registry in 1985 and the Internet online registry program was opened in 2001. The ESRD Registry Committee of KSN has collected data on dialysis therapy in Korea through the online registry program in the KSN Internet website. The increasing number of elderly people and diabetic patients in Korea has resulted in a very rapid increase in the number of ESRD patients. The total number of ESRD patients was 58,860 (hemodialysis [HD], 39,509; peritoneal dialysis [PD], 7309; and functioning kidney transplant [KT], 12,042). The prevalence of ESRD was 1144.4 patients per million population (PMP), and the proportion of renal replacement therapy was HD, 67.1%; PD, 12.4%; and KT, 20.5%. The number of new ESRD patients in 2010 was 9335 (HD, 7204; PD, 867; and KT, 1264; the incidence rate was 181.5 PMP). The primary causes of ESRD were diabetic nephropathy (45.2%), hypertensive nephrosclerosis (19.2%), and chronic glomerulonephritis (11.3%). The mean urea reduction ratio was 67.9% in male HD patients and 73.9% in female HD patients. The mean Kt/V was 1.394 in male patients and 1.659 in female patients. Five-year survival rates of male and female dialysis patients were 64.9% and 67.3%, respectively.
Aged ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Dialysis ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Internet ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Korea ; Male ; Nephrology ; Nephrosclerosis ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Prevalence ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Survival Rate ; Transplants ; Urea