No abstract available.
Graft Survival* ; Kidney* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Graft Survival* ; Kidney* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Cyclosporine* ; Graft Survival* ; Kidney* ; Transplants*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the historical anesthetic trends for last 35 years at Chonnam National University Hospital (CNUH). METHODS: The anesthetic records of total 101,637 anesthetic cases performed at CNUH from January 1961 to December 1996 were reviewed and analyzed according to age, sex, department, operation site, physical status, preoperative findings, anesthetic methods and agents, duration of operation, etc. RESULTS: Annual anesthetic cases was increased remarkably year by year; annual surgical patients increased 19 times for 35 years. The ratio of male to female was 1.18:1. The percent of geriatric anesthesia was increased year by year. In preoperative physical status from ASA definitions, 83.6 % of total patients was assigned class I and II. The average departmental distributions in descending order were surgery, orthopedic surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, neurosurgery, urology, ENT, thoracic surgery, ophthalmology, plastic surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and others. The distributions of operation site in descending order were lower abdomen, neck, upper abdomen, lower extremities, head, chest, spine, upper extremities, and breast. Inhalational anesthesia was the most frequent used methods. Ether was abandoned from 1983, and major volatile anesthetics was halothane from 1981 to 1991. The use of enflurane has steadily increased and isoflurane has also been used with increasing frequency since 1992. CONCLUSIONS: Anesthetic cases are markedly increased year by year, and major volatile anesthetics and neuromuscular blocker were changed from halothane to enflurane and from pancuronium to vecuronium, respectively.
Abdomen ; Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Breast ; Enflurane ; Ether ; Female ; Gynecology ; Halothane ; Head ; Humans ; Isoflurane ; Jeollanam-do* ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Neck ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neurosurgery ; Obstetrics ; Ophthalmology ; Orthopedics ; Pancuronium ; Retrospective Studies* ; Spine ; Surgery, Oral ; Surgery, Plastic ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thorax ; Upper Extremity ; Urology ; Vecuronium Bromide

To determine the dose-urvival and repair characteristics of the jejunal crypt cells, experimental study was carried out using total 70 mice. Single or split irradiations of 1,100 to 2,200 rad were delivered to whole bodies of C57 BL mice, using a cesium 137 animal irradiator and those mice were sacrificed after 90 hours. The number of regenerating crypts per jejunal circumference was counted by a jejunal crypt cell assay technique and dose-esponse curve was measured. The results were as follows : 1. The average number of jejunal crypts per circumference in control group was 140. In a single irradiation group, the number of regenerated jejunal crypts was, 125, 56, 2 in each subgroup of 1,100 rad, 1,400 rad and 1,800 rad respectively. In split irradiation group, it was 105, 44, 2 in each subgroup of 1,400rad 1,800rad and 2,200 rad respectively. 2. Mean lethal dose of mouse jejunal crypt cell was 167 and 169 rad respectively in a single and split irradiation. 3. Repair dose of sublethal damage was 280 rad. 4. sublethal damage was completely repaired within 4 hours between the split dose of irradiation.
Animals ; Cesium ; Mice* ; Radiation Effects*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Hernia, Obturator*

A retrospective study on computed tomographic (CT) findings in 35 surgically confirmed cases of common bile duct stones was performed to analyze the characteristic CT findings. Choledocholithiasis was correctly diagnosed by CT in 33 our of 35 cases(sensitivity, 94.3%) and among these CT demonstrated calculi of high attenuation in 32 and of soft tissue density in one case. The thirty two included 23 totally calcified, 5 rim calcified and 4 laminated stones. The target sign was observed in 30 out of 33 CT positive cases (90.1%). We concluded that CT is an accurate modality in the diagnosis of common bile duct stones with its' reliable display of the calcified or the laminated stone itself and its' characteristic target sign.
Bile* ; Calculi ; Choledocholithiasis ; Common Bile Duct ; Diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: The previous reports have demonstrated that coronary artery flow profiles might change in patients with aortic valve disease. Our objective was to assess phasic coronary artery flow and velocity characteristics and coronary flow reserve in patients with severe aortic vale disease. METHOD: We studied six patients (4 men and 2 women, mean age 61.3+/-6.3 years) with aortic regurgitation and seven patients (3 men and 4 women, mean age 66.3+/-10.3 years) with aortic stenosis. Coronary flow velocity was measured at the proximal portion of left anterior descending artery with 0.014-inch Doppler tipped guide wire and intracoronary injection of adenosine. Nineteen patients (11 men and 8 women, mean age 52+/-9.8 years) with normal coronary artery were served as normal control. Result: The velocity-time integral of systolic coronary flow (SPVi) was significantly higher in patient with severe aortic regurgitation than control (21.1+/-5 vs 9.4+/-3.1, p<0.05, respectively) and ratio of diastlic to systolic the velocity-time integrals (DSiR) was significantly lower in patient with severe aortic regurgitation than control subject (1.5+/-0.5 vs 3.7+/- 0.8 p<0.05, respectively). Patients with severe aortic stenosis had significantly higher velocity-time integral of diastolic coronary flow (DPVi) than control subject (17+/-9.7 vs 8.8+/-3.0 p<0.05, respectively) and slighly higher DSiR than control subject (4.0+/- 2.5 vs 3.7+/-0.8 p<0.05, respectively). Coronary flow reserve was significantly decreased in patient with aortic valve disease compared with control subject (2.1+/-0.8 vs 3.2+/-0.4 p<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Coronary flow reserve decreased significantly in patients with AR and with AS compared with normal control. Coronary blood flow profiles in patients with AR was characterized by systolic flow predominance and reduced diastolic flow whereas patients with AS was a tendency toward decreased systolic flow and increased diastolic flow.
Adenosine ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; Aortic Valve* ; Arteries ; Coronary Vessels* ; Female ; Humans ; Male

BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicated that a recently approved synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, reduces LDL cholesterol and triglyceride. To assess the efficacy on the level of serum LDL cholesterol and other lipoprotein fractions and its safety, we investigated 59 patients for lipid and side effect profile. METHOD: In patients with hypercholesterolemia, who showed 12-hours fasting serum LDL cholesterol>145 mg/dl and <250 mg/dl and triglyceride levels<400 mg/dl were enrolled to diet therapy for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of diet therapy, serum lipid profile were reevaluated and patients with LDL cholesterol > or =130 mg/dl were assigned to receive 10 mg dose of atorvastatin once daily for 4weeks. After 4 weeks of drug therapy, serum lipid profile were rechecked, if showed LDL cholesterol level> or =130 mg/dl, assigned to receive 20 mg dose of atorvastatin once daily until 8 weeks. RESULTS: Of the 59 patients were assigned to receive atorvastatin therapy, 52 patients completed the study. Among lipid profiles, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels showed significant reduction with mean reduction rate of 28%, 13%, 38%, 32% respectively after 4 weeks and 31%, 13%, 41% and 34% respectively after 8 weeks. HDL-Cholesterol and lipoprotein (a) level did not show significant change after 8 weeks of therapy. Nine patients had mild adverse events, such as elevated ALT, epigastric pain, insomnia, thumb pain. postural hypotension, palpitation and constipation. Only three patients of fifty-nine withdrew from the study due to adverse events related to drug treatment. CONCLUSION: The atorvastatin was highly effective and generally well tolerated with an acceptable safety profile in patients with primary hypercholestelemia.
Apolipoproteins ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Constipation ; Diet Therapy ; Drug Therapy ; Fasting ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia* ; Hypotension, Orthostatic ; Lipoprotein(a) ; Lipoproteins ; Oxidoreductases ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Thumb ; Triglycerides ; Atorvastatin Calcium

BACKGROUND: Intravenous (IV) morphine is commonly used for postoperative pain management. Ketorolac has been proposed as a potent analgesic for treatment of moderate to severe pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the equianalgesic dose of morphine and ketorolac using intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) system in human volunteers. METHODS: Fourty-five patients undergoing elective total abdominal hysterectomy were randomly assigned to receive either morphine (n=22) or ketorolac (n=23) when postoperative pain first increased to 40/100 mm (by visual analogue scale; VAS). Until postoperative pain decreased to 40/100 mm, morphine and ketorolac group received repeated IV boluses of 3 mg of morphine and 18 mg of ketorolac respectively and then followed by a IV-PCA with morphine (basal infusion 0 mg/hr, PCA dose 1 mg/1 ml, lock-out interval 5 min) and ketorolac (basal infusion 0 mg/hr, PCA dose 5 mg/1ml, lock-out interval 5 min). Analgesic efficacy with VAS (0~100 mm), PCA demand ratio and rate, analgesics consumptions, patient satisfaction and side effects were compared. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in VAS, PCA demand ratio and patient satisfaction. Mean 48-hour morphine and ketorolac consumptions were 35 (SEM=2.9) mg and 224 (SEM=16.5) mg, respectively (ratio=1:6.4). Morphine group experienced side effects such as pruritus (45%), nausea and vomiting (41%) and respiratory depression (5%). However, ketorolac group only showed side effects such as nausea and vomiting (26%). CONCLUSION: We concluded the ratio of equianalgesic dose of morphine versus ketorolac using intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) after total abdominal hysterectomy was 1 versus 6.4.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled* ; Analgesics ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Ketorolac* ; Morphine* ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Patient Satisfaction ; Pruritus ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Vomiting