No abstract available.
Graft Survival* ; Kidney* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Graft Survival* ; Kidney* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Cyclosporine* ; Graft Survival* ; Kidney* ; Transplants*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the historical anesthetic trends for last 35 years at Chonnam National University Hospital (CNUH). METHODS: The anesthetic records of total 101,637 anesthetic cases performed at CNUH from January 1961 to December 1996 were reviewed and analyzed according to age, sex, department, operation site, physical status, preoperative findings, anesthetic methods and agents, duration of operation, etc. RESULTS: Annual anesthetic cases was increased remarkably year by year; annual surgical patients increased 19 times for 35 years. The ratio of male to female was 1.18:1. The percent of geriatric anesthesia was increased year by year. In preoperative physical status from ASA definitions, 83.6 % of total patients was assigned class I and II. The average departmental distributions in descending order were surgery, orthopedic surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, neurosurgery, urology, ENT, thoracic surgery, ophthalmology, plastic surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and others. The distributions of operation site in descending order were lower abdomen, neck, upper abdomen, lower extremities, head, chest, spine, upper extremities, and breast. Inhalational anesthesia was the most frequent used methods. Ether was abandoned from 1983, and major volatile anesthetics was halothane from 1981 to 1991. The use of enflurane has steadily increased and isoflurane has also been used with increasing frequency since 1992. CONCLUSIONS: Anesthetic cases are markedly increased year by year, and major volatile anesthetics and neuromuscular blocker were changed from halothane to enflurane and from pancuronium to vecuronium, respectively.
Abdomen ; Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Breast ; Enflurane ; Ether ; Female ; Gynecology ; Halothane ; Head ; Humans ; Isoflurane ; Jeollanam-do* ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Neck ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neurosurgery ; Obstetrics ; Ophthalmology ; Orthopedics ; Pancuronium ; Retrospective Studies* ; Spine ; Surgery, Oral ; Surgery, Plastic ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thorax ; Upper Extremity ; Urology ; Vecuronium Bromide

To determine the dose-urvival and repair characteristics of the jejunal crypt cells, experimental study was carried out using total 70 mice. Single or split irradiations of 1,100 to 2,200 rad were delivered to whole bodies of C57 BL mice, using a cesium 137 animal irradiator and those mice were sacrificed after 90 hours. The number of regenerating crypts per jejunal circumference was counted by a jejunal crypt cell assay technique and dose-esponse curve was measured. The results were as follows : 1. The average number of jejunal crypts per circumference in control group was 140. In a single irradiation group, the number of regenerated jejunal crypts was, 125, 56, 2 in each subgroup of 1,100 rad, 1,400 rad and 1,800 rad respectively. In split irradiation group, it was 105, 44, 2 in each subgroup of 1,400rad 1,800rad and 2,200 rad respectively. 2. Mean lethal dose of mouse jejunal crypt cell was 167 and 169 rad respectively in a single and split irradiation. 3. Repair dose of sublethal damage was 280 rad. 4. sublethal damage was completely repaired within 4 hours between the split dose of irradiation.
Animals ; Cesium ; Mice* ; Radiation Effects*

A retrospective study on computed tomographic (CT) findings in 35 surgically confirmed cases of common bile duct stones was performed to analyze the characteristic CT findings. Choledocholithiasis was correctly diagnosed by CT in 33 our of 35 cases(sensitivity, 94.3%) and among these CT demonstrated calculi of high attenuation in 32 and of soft tissue density in one case. The thirty two included 23 totally calcified, 5 rim calcified and 4 laminated stones. The target sign was observed in 30 out of 33 CT positive cases (90.1%). We concluded that CT is an accurate modality in the diagnosis of common bile duct stones with its' reliable display of the calcified or the laminated stone itself and its' characteristic target sign.
Bile* ; Calculi ; Choledocholithiasis ; Common Bile Duct ; Diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: The previous reports have demonstrated that coronary artery flow profiles might change in patients with aortic valve disease. Our objective was to assess phasic coronary artery flow and velocity characteristics and coronary flow reserve in patients with severe aortic vale disease. METHOD: We studied six patients (4 men and 2 women, mean age 61.3+/-6.3 years) with aortic regurgitation and seven patients (3 men and 4 women, mean age 66.3+/-10.3 years) with aortic stenosis. Coronary flow velocity was measured at the proximal portion of left anterior descending artery with 0.014-inch Doppler tipped guide wire and intracoronary injection of adenosine. Nineteen patients (11 men and 8 women, mean age 52+/-9.8 years) with normal coronary artery were served as normal control. Result: The velocity-time integral of systolic coronary flow (SPVi) was significantly higher in patient with severe aortic regurgitation than control (21.1+/-5 vs 9.4+/-3.1, p<0.05, respectively) and ratio of diastlic to systolic the velocity-time integrals (DSiR) was significantly lower in patient with severe aortic regurgitation than control subject (1.5+/-0.5 vs 3.7+/- 0.8 p<0.05, respectively). Patients with severe aortic stenosis had significantly higher velocity-time integral of diastolic coronary flow (DPVi) than control subject (17+/-9.7 vs 8.8+/-3.0 p<0.05, respectively) and slighly higher DSiR than control subject (4.0+/- 2.5 vs 3.7+/-0.8 p<0.05, respectively). Coronary flow reserve was significantly decreased in patient with aortic valve disease compared with control subject (2.1+/-0.8 vs 3.2+/-0.4 p<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Coronary flow reserve decreased significantly in patients with AR and with AS compared with normal control. Coronary blood flow profiles in patients with AR was characterized by systolic flow predominance and reduced diastolic flow whereas patients with AS was a tendency toward decreased systolic flow and increased diastolic flow.
Adenosine ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; Aortic Valve* ; Arteries ; Coronary Vessels* ; Female ; Humans ; Male

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Hernia, Obturator*

PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy and limitations of double contrast esophagography in patients with superficial esophageal cancer, as compared with endoscopic, gross and microscopic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 43 patients with pathologically proven superficial esophageal cancer, the detection rate and diagnostic accuracy of double contrast esophagography and endoscopy were compared. The depth of invasion revealed by esophagography, and grossly and microscopically in resected specimens, was compared. RESULTS: The detection rate and diagnostic accuracy were, respectively, 86.0% and 76.7% for esophagography, and 100% and 95.3% for endoscopy. In addition, very different detection rates (54.6% and 100%, respectively) were noted for epithelial and mucosal lesions. In flat-type cases (0-IIb), esophagography showed limited ability to detect lesions, but the accuracy of this modality in predicting the depth of tumor invasion was relatively high (94.6%). CONCLUSION: In cases of superficial esophageal cancer, double contrast esophagography showed a lower detection rate and lower diagnostic accuracy than endoscopy, and this was especially so for epithelial and mucosal lesions. The modality was able, however, to reliably predict the depth of tumor invasion.
Diagnosis* ; Endoscopy* ; Esophageal Neoplasms* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: The intimal thickening of coronary artery was understood as an early process in the beginning of atherosclerosis. However, the implication of intimal thickening as a morphologic change of coronary artery disease, on the coronary vascular hemodynamics has not been explored. METHODS: To evaluate the effect of intimal thickening on the coronary vascular hemodynamics, we studied the extent of intimal thickening on intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) and the coronary vascular flow and resistance by using Doppler wire in left anterior descending coronary arteries after successful intervention in 40 patients(29 males, mean age 55+/-9 years) with coronary artery disease. Mean intimal index and mean lumen cross sectional area were determined by IVUS and coronary flow average peak velocity was obtained by using Doppler wire before and after intracoronary adenosine in distal artery to the stenosis. Coronary flow velocity reserve(CFR), volumetric coronary blood flow(CBF) and coronary vascular resistance index(CVRI) were calculated. Hyperemic pressure-to-flow ratio(hyperemic mean aortic pressure/hyperemic volumetric coronary blood flow), ie, an index of minimal coronary vascular resistance(mCVR), was further derived. RESULTS: Intimal index(mean 20.0+/-8.3%) was significantly correlated with CVRI(mean 0.33+/-0.14, r=.37, p=.02) and mCVR(mean 0.81+/-0.40mmHg/ml/min, r=.36, p=.02). However, there was no correlation with CBF and CFR. CONCLUSION: The CVRI and mCVR(hyperemic pressure to flow ratio), the indices coronary microvascular resistance, were significantly related to the degree of intimal thickness of coronary artery. The extent of intimal thickness of coronary artery on IVUS study may be related to microvascular integrity.
Adenosine ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Vascular Resistance*