No abstract available.
Psychotropic Drugs*

Serotonin has been implicated in the etiology of many disease states and may be particularly mental illness, such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, sleep disorders, suicide, eating disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders, migraine and others Many currently used treatments of these disorders are thought to act by modulating serotonergic function. The identification of many serotonin subtypes, most of which have been shown to have functional activity and differential distribution, has stimulated considerable effort into synthesizing selective ligands(drugs) to help understand their significance. This should understand the role of serotonin in mental disorders and these new drugs can be studied alone and in combination with other treatments in order to clarify the parameters of drug use for the clinical effect.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Feeding and Eating Disorders ; Mental Disorders ; Migraine Disorders ; Schizophrenia ; Serotonin* ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Suicide

Clinicians can use therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) to optimise dosage decisions with psychotropic drugs, in order to maximize efficacy and prevent toxicity, especially when individuals are nonresponsive to treatment or vulnerable to adverse reactions with standard doses because age, disease states or drug interactions. Currently therapeutic drug concentrations have been established for the TCA and lithium. There is also evidence for the usefulness of TDM with carbamazepine, valproic acid and some antipsychotic drugs. However for most psychotropic drugs this approach remains experimental. TDM-assisted psychiatric treatment is potentially useful and cost effective, particularly when applied by psychiatrists who are knowledgeable of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Carbamazepine ; Drug Interactions ; Lithium ; Pharmacokinetics ; Psychiatry ; Psychotropic Drugs* ; Valproic Acid

The development of inexpensive high throughput methods to identify individual DNA sequences is important to the future growth of medical genetics. This has become increasingly apparent as psychiatric geneticists focus more attention on the molecular basis of complex multifactorial diseases at which most of psychiatric disease is estimated. Furthermore, candidate gene approaches used in identifying disease associated genes necessitate screening large sequence blocks for changes tracking with the disease state. Even after such genes are isolated, large scale mutational analysis will often be needed for risk assessment studies to define the likely medical consequences of carrying a mutated gene. This review provide basic knowledge of up-to-date technology, cDNA microarray which enables above mentioned various research themes.
Base Sequence ; DNA, Complementary* ; Genetics, Medical ; Mass Screening ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis* ; Risk Assessment

Cytosine arabinoside(AraC) inhibits DNA synthesis and beta-DNA polymerase, an enzyme involved in DNA repair. This a potent antimitotic agent, is clinically used as an anticancer drug with side effect of severe neurotoxicity. Earlier reports suggested that inhibition of neuronal survival by AraC in sympathetic neuron may be due to the inhibition of a 2'-deoxycytidine-dependent process that is independent of DNA synthesis or repair and AraC induced a signal that is triggers a cascade of new mRNA and protein synthesis, leading to apoptotic cell death in cultured cerebellar granule cells. The present study would suggest whether caspase family(ICE/CED-3-like protease) involved in AraC-induced apoptosis pathway of PC12 cells. It was observed that treatment of PC12 cells with AraC led to decrease of viability by MTT assay and morphology changes, which did not suggest that AraC induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. The mRNA of caspase-1/caspase-3 were expressed in PC12 cells constitutively, and AraC did not activate caspase family. These results suggest that caspase-1/caspase-3 may not be required for AraC-induced cell death pathway in PC12 cells.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Death ; Cytosine* ; DNA ; DNA Repair ; Humans ; Neurons ; PC12 Cells* ; RNA, Messenger

No abstract available.
Amantadine* ; Benztropine* ; Double-Blind Method*

No abstract available.
Benztropine* ; Haloperidol* ; Saliva*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Interleukin-2* ; Lymphocytes* ; Rats* ; Shock*

No abstract available.
Haloperidol* ; Homovanillic Acid* ; Plasma*

The cAMP-dependent protein kinase(PKA) is an intracellular enzyme with serine-threonine kinase activity that plays a key role in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis in eukaryotes. In order to understand the PKA signal transduction pathway regulating cell life cycle and identify its role, we focused on the characterization of up-/down-regulated genes by PKA using the differential display polymerase chain reaction. Seven differentially expressed sequence tags(DEST) have been obtained. Among these DESTs, 2DESTs were homologous to the sequence of genes from BLAST search result. KC1-5 DEST that was up-regulated in A123.7 cells was highly corresponded to mouse apoptosis-related gene(MA-3) or mouse mRNA for topoisomerase inhibitor suppressed(TIS). MA-3 was induced in various types of apoptosis, specially in NGF-deprived apoptotic PC12 cells, TIS was down-regulated in the RVC lymphoma cells incubated with topoisomerase inhibitor that induces DNA strand breakages. PG1-1DEST that was highly expressed in PC12 cells was corresponded to transposon Tn103'-end. Tnansposon Tn10 was up-regulated in differentiated myeloblastic ML-1 cells by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. This study illuminates that MA-3/TIS was down-regulated by PKA activity, and transposon Tn10 was up-regulated by it.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; DNA ; Eukaryota ; Granulocyte Precursor Cells ; Life Cycle Stages ; Lymphoma ; Mass Screening* ; Mice ; PC12 Cells* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; RNA, Messenger ; Signal Transduction