The development of inexpensive high throughput methods to identify individual DNA sequences is important to the future growth of medical genetics. This has become increasingly apparent as psychiatric geneticists focus more attention on the molecular basis of complex multifactorial diseases at which most of psychiatric disease is estimated. Furthermore, candidate gene approaches used in identifying disease associated genes necessitate screening large sequence blocks for changes tracking with the disease state. Even after such genes are isolated, large scale mutational analysis will often be needed for risk assessment studies to define the likely medical consequences of carrying a mutated gene. This review provide basic knowledge of up-to-date technology, cDNA microarray which enables above mentioned various research themes.
Base Sequence ; DNA, Complementary* ; Genetics, Medical ; Mass Screening ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis* ; Risk Assessment

No abstract available.
Animals ; Interleukin-2* ; Lymphocytes* ; Rats* ; Shock*

No abstract available.
Amantadine* ; Benztropine* ; Double-Blind Method*

No abstract available.
Arthroscopy* ; Hemarthrosis*

We reviewed the records of thirty-four patients who had been managed with the Ilizarov technique for the comminuted intra- and extra-articular fractures and nonunion of the long bones with or with-out bone defect. The goal of this study is to analysis the clinical complications of the Ilizarov technique, and to find out the methods solving them. 1. This study comprises 34 patients who were treated by Ilizarov technique at the Chonbuk National University Hospital from March, 1992 to June, 1993. 2. Among 34 cases, 22 were comminuted intra- and extra-articular fractures, and 12 were nonunion of the long bones. 3. The complications were divided intd problem, obstacle and complication; problem in 16 cases, obstacle in 11 cases and complication in 6 cases. 4. We conclude that the Ilizarov technique is a useful method in management of the severe commi- nuted fractures and the nonunion of the long bones, but we have to consider the complication sincerely and endeavor to reduce them.
Fractures, Comminuted ; Humans ; Ilizarov Technique ; Jeollabuk-do ; Methods

BACKGROUND: Female diffuse hair loss is a common baldness with a multifactorial origin. In recent studies, it has been suggested that reduced or depleted iron stores are a cause of female diffuse hair loss. OBJECTIVE: We performed this study in order to elucidate the pathogenesis of female diffuse hair loss and to evaluate the differences in serurn iron levels between normal females and those with diffuse hair loss in Korea. METHODS: Blood levels of hemoglobin, iron, TIBC, ferritin, testosterone, thyroid function, ANA and Zn were examined in 30 patients with female diffuse hair loss and 20 normal females. RESULTS: 1) Serum Zn, testosterone, T4, TSH of the patient group were not statistically significant compared to those of the control group (p>0.05). 2) TIBC values were significantly increased, but serum ferritin levels were signifieantly decreased in the patient group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in hemoglobin, serum iron in both groups (p>0.05). 3) No significant differences between clinical severity and the values of serum Zn, testosterone, T4, TSH, TIBC, serum femtin, hemoglobin and serum iron were observed (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that the variations of TIBC, serum femtin levels may play a role in the pathogenesis of female diffuse hair loss, but further studies will be needed for evaluation of this condition.
Alopecia ; Female* ; Ferritins ; Hair* ; Humans ; Iron* ; Korea ; Testosterone ; Thyroid Gland

No abstract available.
Salivary Ducts*

Positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[F-18]-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) was performed in ninteen patients who had benign musculoskeletal tumors in order to determine if there was a relationship between histologic grade of tumor and FDG uptake of tumor. These patients had been evaluated previously with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging or both. The diagnoses were confirmed with incisional or excisional biopsy or by radiographic follow-up. Generally high-grade tumors had significantly greater uptake of FDG than low-grade lesions . Benign lesions such as giant cell tumor, fibrous dysplasia, and osteofibrous dysplasia showed significant elevation of SUV (Standardized Uptake Value) above 4.0. On the contrary. The current studies suggest the utility of FDG-PET imaging as an adjunct to CT or MR imaging in the evaluation of benign tumors. And results of PET suggest benign tumors with high SUV are histologically active lesion and tend to be locally aggressive.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Electrons* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography

PURPOSE: Cycloporine A (CsA) is a immunosuppressive agent most widely used in organ transplanted patients for preventing immunorejection, but it has some side effects, including hypertension, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and diabetes. The mechanism of toxicity of CsA was not completely understood, but the reactive oxygen species has been proposed to be involved in the reaction of toxicity of CsA. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of glutathione, as a physiological antioxidant on CsA induced cytotoxicity in rat insulinoma (RINm5F) cells. METHODS: RINm5F cells were incubated in the presence of CsA (105~108 M) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), as a inhibitor of r-glutamyl cysteine synthetase, was added to cultured media (RPMI1640). Twenty four hours of incubation with CsA and BSO, viable cells were determined by MTT method. RESULTS: CsA decreased cell viability in dose response in cultured RINm5F cells and significantly decreased according to redusing glutathione. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that CsA may induce the diabetes and glutathione have some roles in the pathogenesis of CsA-induced diabetes.
Animals ; Buthionine Sulfoximine ; Cell Survival ; Cyclosporine* ; Cysteine ; Glutathione* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Insulinoma* ; Ligases ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species