Visual perception is a complex process engaging many different aspects of brain functioning. Like other cognitive functions, the extensive cortical distribution and complexity of visual perceptional activities make them highly vulnerable to brain injury. Dectection and characterization of perceptual require careful assessment as well as the application of selected neuropsychological tests. In the article we reviewed neuropsychological assessment of visual perception and constructional abilities. And the principal visuospatial disorders are discussed, the associated neuropsychiatric disorders are presented.
Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Visual Perception*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of CT-guided percutaneous needle aspiration(PCNA) of paraaortic and pelvic lymph nodes in patients with uterine cervical carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT-guided PCNA was performed in 18 patients with treated cervical carcinoma. initial clinical stages were CIS in one, lb in three, lib in ten, and IIIb in four cases. We used 20 gauge Westcott needles for aspiration. Mean depth from skin to lymph nodes was 10.0cm in paraaortic group (n=13) and was 7.9cm in pelvic group (n=5). The size of lymph nodes ranged 1.0-3.0cm (mean :1.8) and 1.5-5.0cm (mean :2.6cm), respectively. RESULTS: All cases with paraaortic lymph node enlargement were proved to be metastatic lymphadenopathy. In five cases with pelvic lymph node enlargement, three were proved to be malignancy and two were negative. Among 16 cases with metastatic lymphadenopathy, eight patients were treated with chemotherapy, five with radiation therapy, and three with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In two cases with negative results lymph nodes were disappeared or unchanged on follow up CT scans. No complications were encountered during CT-guided PCNA procedure. CONCLUSION: CT-guided PCNA of paraaortic and pelvic lymph nodes is a useful method in determining metastasis from cervical carcinoma and in planning further treatment.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Needles ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Radiotherapy ; Skin ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Leg* ; Skin*

No abstract available.
Transposases*

No abstract available.
Free Tissue Flaps* ; Hand Injuries* ; Hand*

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare, but potentially life-threatening adverse event associated with the use of neuroleptic agents. We describe the case of a 47-year-old schizophrenic woman who was treated with clozapine for years. The patient developed acute renal failure with pulmonary edema, and underwent mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Clozapine* ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome* ; Pulmonary Edema ; Renal Dialysis ; Respiration, Artificial ; Rhabdomyolysis

No abstract available.
Laparoscopy* ; Pelvic Pain*

Positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[F-18]-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) was performed in ninteen patients who had benign musculoskeletal tumors in order to determine if there was a relationship between histologic grade of tumor and FDG uptake of tumor. These patients had been evaluated previously with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging or both. The diagnoses were confirmed with incisional or excisional biopsy or by radiographic follow-up. Generally high-grade tumors had significantly greater uptake of FDG than low-grade lesions . Benign lesions such as giant cell tumor, fibrous dysplasia, and osteofibrous dysplasia showed significant elevation of SUV (Standardized Uptake Value) above 4.0. On the contrary. The current studies suggest the utility of FDG-PET imaging as an adjunct to CT or MR imaging in the evaluation of benign tumors. And results of PET suggest benign tumors with high SUV are histologically active lesion and tend to be locally aggressive.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Electrons* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography

Coronary stent embolization is a rare event but may result in clinically relevant cardiac ischemia or peripheral embolization during the procedure. We report a case of systemic embolizations of two coil stents during the primary PTCA in acute myocardial infarction, who were treated successfully with a double wire helix technique and a gooseneck snare. Although in our experience this rare complication did not produce any clinical complications, care should be taken to prevent this possibility, especially in patients with significant vessel tortuosity, calcification, total occlusion, or mild stenosis proximal to the target lesion.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Iliac Artery* ; Ischemia ; Myocardial Infarction ; SNARE Proteins ; Stents*

In order to observe the change of epicardial ECG(Eep), left ventricular pressure, left ventricular dp/dt and the development of arrhythmia during regional myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, proximal LAD was ligated for 30 minutes and reperfused suddenly for 30 minytes in eleven mongrel dogs which were grouped into control(n=6) and diltiazem(n=5) group. In diltiazem group, diltiazem infusion was started 10 minutes prior to reperfusion with the speed of 0.02mg/kg/min for 25 minutes. The amount of injury current was measured from TQ segment and ST segment changes of Eep, and its effect on the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmia was evaluated. Eep, LV pressure, LV dp/dt and ECG were simultaneously recoreded with the paper speed of 100mm/sec at predetermined time intervals, and 6 channel ECG(standard lead I, II, III, AVR, AVL, AVF) was recorded continuously with paper speed of 10mm/sec throughout the experiment. The results were as follows ; 1) After ligation of LAD, the polarity QRS of Eep changed to show monophasic shape from 3-4 minutes, TQ segment depressed to reach minumum level at 4-7 minutes and ST segment elevated to reach maximum level at 4-5 minutes. These changes recovered rapidly to pre-ligation state after reperfusion, and this tendency was not affected by diltiazem. 2) The absolute value of LV dp/dt max and LV dp/dt min decreased 10% at 2-4 minutes after LAD ligation, and began to recover from 7 minutes after reperfusion to reach peak recovery value at 20 minutes after reperfusion in control group. In diltiazem group, it decreased 15% after diltiazem infusion and began to recover from 1 minutes after reperfusion to reach peak recovery value at 7 minutes after reperefusion. 3) Ischemic ventricular fibrillation was observed at the time of maximum TQ depression and ST segment elevation and 4 out of 6 events were developed within 5 minutes after LAD ligation. The cases with Isch-Vf developed Rep-Vf without exception, which was observed in 8 out of 11 cases and was noted within 1 minutes after reperfusion except one. 4) Maximum ST elevation was significantly higher in group with Rep-Vf then in group without Rep-Vf(Rep-Vf(+);18.5+/-11.1, Rep-Vf(-);10.3e+/-6.9, p<0.05), and also maximum ST elevation was significantly higher in group with both Isch-Vf and Rep-Vf then in group with only Rep-Vf(Isch-Vf+Rep-Vf;28.5+/-7.8, Rep-Vf only;10,5+/-4.7, P<0.01). 5) The incidende of reperfusion ventricular fibrillation was 83% in control group(5 out of 6) and 60% in diltiazem group(3 out of 5), but the inhibitory effect of diltiazem on the reperfusion Vf could not be confirmed due to the difference of the incidence of ischemic Vf between the two groups(control group;67%(4 out of 6), ditiazem group;20%(1out of 5)). In conclusion, maximum injury current developed 4-7 minutes after coronary artery ligation, and maximum ST elevation value was significantly related with the development of ischemic Vf and reperfusion Vf, and the inhibitory effect of diltiazem on the reperfusion ventricular fibrillation could not be confirmed in this study.
Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Depression ; Diltiazem* ; Dogs ; Electrocardiography* ; Incidence ; Ligation* ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Reperfusion* ; Ventricular Fibrillation ; Ventricular Pressure