To determine the comparative accuracy of two Doppler tests, the findings of 38 patients who had undergone a complete evaluation by supraorbital Doppler test, frontal Doppler test and angiography were studied. When stenosis of 60 percent or more in diameter was considered as a true positive finding, the Doppler tests of 76 internal carotid arteries of the 38 patients showed the following results. Supraorbital Doppler test: eight false positive, three false negative, and 65 correct findings, with an overall accuracy of 85%. The authors, therefore, concluded that the suprorbital Doppler test was more sensitive and accurate than the frontal Doppler test in screening the patients with possible carotid artery occulusive diseases.
Angiography ; Carotid Arteries* ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Mass Screening

Authors reviewed the clinical features and diagnostic approaches in 70 patients of cysticercosis who had been diagnosed at Seoul National University Hospital from 1978 to 1982. The ages of the 70 patients ranged from 4 to 65 years at the time of the diagnosis (mean age 36.9years) with 62.9 percent between the age 20 and 50 years. Male were more frequently involved than female (2:1). Forty-seven patients (67.1%) presented with neurological symptoms and signs, among which epileptic seizures (66%) was the most common one. Subcutaneous nodules were observed in 36 patients (50.1%) and 24 patients of them had no abnomal clinical findings other than subcutaneous nodules. Computed tomography (CT), employed in 46 patients, showed multiple low densties in 31 patients (67.4%).
Cysticercosis* ; Diagnosis ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Seoul

Authors reviewed the clinical features and diagnostic approaches in 70 patients of cysticercosis who had been diagnosed at Seoul National University Hospital from 1978 to 1982. The ages of the 70 patients ranged from 4 to 65 years at the time of the diagnosis (mean age 36.9years) with 62.9 percent between the age 20 and 50 years. Male were more frequently involved than female (2:1). Forty-seven patients (67.1%) presented with neurological symptoms and signs, among which epileptic seizures (66%) was the most common one. Subcutaneous nodules were observed in 36 patients (50.1%) and 24 patients of them had no abnomal clinical findings other than subcutaneous nodules. Computed tomography (CT), employed in 46 patients, showed multiple low densties in 31 patients (67.4%).
Cysticercosis* ; Diagnosis ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Seoul

OBJECTIVES: Cadmium (Cd), a toxic and non-essential metal, is recognized as a human carcinogen, which has a tendency to accumulate in the human body. The levels of Cd in renal cortex and liver are good indicators as an index of Cd exposure in the general population. In this study, we present an estimation of reference Cd levels in tissue (renal cortex and liver) and total body burden in the general population of Korea. MEDTHODS: Cd and zinc (Zn) were analyzed in renal cortex and liver from 254 autopsies (male : 188 cases, female : 66 cases) aged 0 to 87 years. RESULTS: Geometric mean concentration of Cd was 27.4 and 3.1 ua/g wet weight in renal cortex and liver, respectively. The level of Zn in renal cortex and liver was 35.4 and 42. 6 v/g wet weight, respectively. The result suggests that kidney is the target organ for Cd accumulation. The accumulation of Cd in renal cortex was age-dependent with a biphasic pattern. The level of Cd in renal cortex increased with age up to the fifties, and then leveled off thereafter. Based on the data, the regression model for Cd accumulation in renal cortex by age is predicted by : Log KCd = 0. 2325 + 0. 0553 Age 0. 0005 Age. The highest Cd accumulation in renal cortex of Koreans was estimated at 43. 3 ua/g wet weight at 50. 8 years old. In addition, the total Cd body burden by age was estimated by the following equation: Total Cd Body Burden = -4. 5948 + l. 2278 Age - 0. 0121 Age. The highest body burden of Cd was estimated at 26. 5 mg at age 50. 7 years in the Korean general population. The positive correlation between Zn and Cd was observed in renal cortex and liver. CONCLUSIONS: The level of Cd exposure in Korean was found to be lower than in Japanese, but same as or higher than in American and Europeans.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Autopsy ; Body Burden ; Cadmium* ; Child ; Female ; Human Body ; Humans ; Kidney Cortex ; Kidney* ; Korea ; Liver* ; Reference Values* ; Zinc

OBJECTIVE: To define the anatomy of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LABCN) and the cephalic vein (CV) in the anterior forearm region of living humans using ultrasonography for preventing LABCN injury during cephalic venipuncture. METHODS: Thirty forearms of 15 healthy volunteers were evaluated using ultrasonography to identify the point where the LABCN begins to contact with the CV, and the point where the LABCN separates from the CV. The LABCN pathway in the forearm in relation to a nerve conduction study was also evaluated. RESULTS: The LABCNs came in contact with the CV at a mean of 0.6±1.6 cm distal to the elbow crease, and separated from the CV at a mean of 7.0±3.4 cm distal to the elbow crease. The mean distance between the conventionally used recording points (point R) for the LABCN conduction study and the actual sonographic measured LABCN was 2.4±2.4 mm. LABCN usually presented laterally at the point R (83.3%). CONCLUSION: The LABCN had close proximity to the CV in the proximal first quarter of the forearm. Cephalic venipuncture in this area should be avoided, and performed with caution if needed.
Elbow ; Forearm ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Neural Conduction ; Phlebotomy ; Ultrasonography ; Veins*

No abstract available.
Transplantation* ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Transplantation* ; Tuberculosis*

The transforaminal epidural injection (TFEI) has been preferred in many cases because it can deliver the injected dose of medication closer to the nerve root and better facilitate ventral epidural flow compared to other methods. However, in patients with deformities not demonstrated on fluoroscopic imaging, the needle may enter unwanted locations. We treated two cases of intradiscal injection of contrast dye, during the TFEI, in patients with lumbar disc herniation.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Discitis ; Humans ; Injections, Epidural ; Needles

BACKGROUND: It has long been suggested that neutrophils and their products are implicated as the central mediators of the acute lung injuries. Contrary to the dominant role of neutrophils in ARDS, many cases of ARDS has occurred in the setting of severe neutropenia without pufrnonary neutrophil infiltration. Therefore it is certain that effector cell(s) other than neutrophil play an important role in the pathogenesis of ARDS. This experiment was performed to define the mechanism of ARDS in the setting of neutiopenia, 1) by comparing the severity of endotoxin-induced lung injury, 2) by measurement of hydrogen peroxide production and cytokine concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage cells and fluids obtained from different rats with and without cyclophosphamide-pretreatment. METHOD: The male Sprague-Dawleys were divided into the normal control (NC)-, endotoxin (ETX)-, and cyclophosphamide (CPA)-group in which neutropenia was induced by injecting cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally. Acute lung injury was evoked by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into a tail vein. The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed at 3 and 6 hour after administration of LPS to measure the change of cell counts and concentrations of protein and cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Hydrogen peroxide (HPO) production from BAL cel]s was measured at 6 hour after LPS administration by phenol red microassay with and without zymosan stimulation. RESULTS: The results were as follows. A change of leukocyte counts in the peripheral blood after treatment with CPA More than 95% of total leukocytes and neutrophils were reduced after CPA administration, resulting in severe neutropenia. A change of BAL cells In the ETX-group, the number of total cells (p<0.01) and of macrophage and neutrophll (p<0.05) were increased at 3 and 6 hour after LPS administration compared to those of NC- group. In the CPA-group, the number of total leukocyte and macrophage were not changed after LPS administration, but neutrophil counts were significantly reduced and jt took part in less than 0.1% of total BAL cells (p<0.01 vs NC-group). BAL cells in this group were almost all macrophages (99.7%). A change of protein concentration in the BALF In the ETX-group, protein concentration was increased at 3 hour and was more increased at 6 hour after LPS administration (p<0.05 and <0.01 vs NC-group, respectively). In the CPA-group, it was also significantly elevated at 3 hour after LPS administration (p<0.05 vs NC-group) , but the value was statistically not different from that of ETh-group. The value measured at 6 hour after LPS administration in the CPA-group became lower than that of ETX-group (p<0.05), but showed still a higher value compared to that of NC-group (p<0.05). A change of cytokine concentration in the BALF TNF-alpha and IL-6 were elevated in the ETX- and CPA-group compared to those of NC-group at both time intervals. There was no statistical difference in the values of both cytokines between the ETX- and CPA-groups. Measurement of hydrogen peroxide production from BAL cells There was no intergroup difference of HPO production from resting cells. HPO production after incubation with opsonized zymosan was significantly elevated in all groups. The percent increment of HPO production was highest in the ETX-group (89.0%, p<0.0008 vs NC-group ), and was 42.85 in the CPA-group (p = 0.003 vs NC-group ). Conclusion Acute lung injury in the setting of neutropenia might be caused by functional activation of resident alveola r macrophages.
Acute Lung Injury* ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Cell Count ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Interleukin-6 ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes ; Lung Injury ; Macrophages* ; Male ; Neutropenia ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Neutrophils ; Phenolsulfonphthalein ; Rats* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Veins ; Zymosan

No abstract available.
Biopsy* ; Hematuria*