No abstract available.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Aneurysm, False* ; Arteries* ; Fractures, Bone*

Purpose : The main genetic contribution to type 1 diabetes susceptibility is the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II gene. Several non-HLA chromosomal regions are also known to be involved. We studied the association of HLA class II and non-HLA candidate genes, which are cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), lymphotoxin-alpha(LT-alpha, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, polymorphisms with disease susceptibility in Korean children with type 1 diabetes.Methods : Fifty Korean children with type 1 diabetes (29 girls and 21 boys) and 166 healthy Koreans were investigated in this study. HLA class II alleles were determined by PCR-SSP (sequence-specific primer) and PCR-SSOP (sequence specific oliogonucleotide probe) method. CTLA4 exon 1 polymor phism was analyzed by PCR-SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism), and TNF promotor and LT-alphagene polymorphism by PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), respectively. VDR gene polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP using restriction enzyme FokI, ApaI, TaqI, and BsmI. Results : The frequencies of HLA-DRB1*04, DRB1*09, and DQB1*04 were significantly increased and those of HLA-DRB1*14, DRB1*15, DQB1*05 and DQB1*06 were significantly decreased in the patients with type 1 diabetes compared with the control subjects. No significant differences in the distribution of CTLA4 exon 1, TNF promotor, LT-alpha and VDR gene polymorphisms were observed between the patients with type 1 diabetes and the control subjects. Conclusion : These data suggest that HLA-DRB1*04, DRB1*09, and DQB1*04 are susceptible genes for type 1 diabetes, whereas HLA-DRB1*14, DRB1*15, DQB1*05, and DQB1*06 are protective genes in Korean children. CTLA4 exon 1, TNF promotor, LT-alpha and VDR gene polymorphisms are not associated with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in Korean children.
Alleles ; Child* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* ; Disease Susceptibility* ; Exons ; Female ; Genes, MHC Class II ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Lymphocytes ; Receptors, Calcitriol ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Authors retrospectively analized the CT findings of mediastinal lesions in surgically or clinically confirmed 37 cases at kosin Medical College during the recent 4 years from Sept. 1979 to Aug. 1983. 1. Among 37 cases, malignant lymphoma were 7 cases, thymoma and vascular lesion or anomaly were 5 cases respectively, benign teratoma and tuberculous mediastinal lymphadentis and neurogenic tumor were 4 cases respectively. pericardial cyst were 2 cases, bronchogenic cyst, non-specific cyst, pancreatic pseudocyst, mesothelioma, Bochdalek hernia was 1 case respectively. 2. The sex ratio between male and female was about 1:1 and the majority of the patients with malignant lymphoma and teratoma was under 20 years old. 3. CT findings of the each mediastinal lesion. 1) Primary mediastinal malignant lymphoma. (1) A large, matted, continuous and midline-crossing mass was observed in the superior and the anterior mediastinums in all cases. (2) In 3 cases, irregular lower densities were seen in the center of the mass, representing the tumor necrosis. (3) CT was also able to show invovlement of other mediastinal lymph nodes and adjacent structures such as pleura, anterior chest wall and lung parenchyma. (4) Involving pleura,homogeneous band-like shadows were seen along the pleura, appearing denser than the associated pleural effusion.(5) Involving lung parenchyma, irregular-shaped nodules and band-llike densities were seen along the courses ofthe bronchi and the vessels. 2) Thyoma. (1) A discrete, soft tissue mass was seen in the superior and the anterior mediastinums(mainly posterior to manubrium and anterior to aortic arch) replacing the normal mediastinal fat. (2)In benign thymoma, the margin of the mass was smooth and the normal fat plane between the mass and the vascular structures was well preserved, but invasive thymoma showed obliteration of the normal fat plane, irregular and ragged tumor-lung interface, and irregular thickening of pleura and pericardium by tumor implantation to thesestructures. (3) The tumors spreaded to only one side of the chest cavity. 3) Teratoma (1) A discrete and smooth marginated mass was seen in anterior mediastinum and it has three or more of different tissue densities among fat,water, soft tissue and calcific densities. (2) 3 cases of teratomas showed the characteristic, thick-walled cystic appearances.
Bronchi ; Bronchogenic Cyst ; Female ; Hernia ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Manubrium ; Mediastinal Cyst ; Mediastinum ; Mesothelioma ; Necrosis ; Pancreatic Cyst ; Pericardium ; Pleura ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Ratio ; Teratoma ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax ; Thymoma

PURPOSE: The need for continuing Growth Hormone(GH) replacement after adolescence in patients with childhood-onset GH deficiency has been recognized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the abnormalities of lipid profiles in young adults with childhood-onset hypopituitarism who discontinued GH therapy after the completion of height growth. METHODS: Nine male patients(mean age:22.4+/-3.3 years) with childhood-onset hypopituiatarism in whom GH treatment had been discontinued after final height was achieved were included. Their body mass index(BMI) and serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride(TG), high-density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol were measured. The relationships of duration after GH discontinuation, age, and BMI to lipid profiles were anaylzed. RESULTS: BMI increased significantly from 21.8+/-1.9 kg/m2 before GH discontinuation to 23.0+/-3.0 kg/m2 after GH discontinuation(P<0.05). Serum levels of total cholesterol, TG, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were 217.3+/-33.4, 237.8+/-128.2, 42.1+/-7.1, and 127.4+/-27.2 mg/dL, respectively, 3.1+/-2.0 years after GH discontinuation. Percentage of patients who had total cholesterol > or = 200 mg/dL, TG > or = 150 mg/ dL, LDL cholesterol > or = 140 mg/dL, and HDL cholesterol < or = 40 mg/dL were 77.8%, 88.9%, 44.4%, and 33.3%, respectively. All subjects had some abnormalities of lipid profiles. A significant positive correlation was found between duration after GH discontinuation and serum levels of total cholesterol and TG(r=0.84, P<0.01; r=0.83, P<0.01). A significant positive correlation was also found between age and serum levels of total cholesterol and TG(r=0.86, P<0.01; r=0.81, P<0.01). There were no correlations between BMI and serum lipid levels. CONCLUSION: Most of young adult patients with childhood-onset hypopituitarism had abnormal lipid profiles by 1-5 years after discontinuation of GH treatment. These data suggest that continuous GH treatment after completion of height growth is necessary.
Adolescent ; Adult* ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Hypopituitarism* ; Male ; Young Adult

46,XX male is a rare abnormality of sex determination with an incidence of 1 in 20,000 male neonates. The clinical manifestations of 46,XX males are usually hypogonadism, gynecomastia, azoospermia, and hyalinations of seminiferous tubules, with altered hormonal levels at puberty. Less frequently, some sexual ambiguities are found, always with sterility owing to reduced testicular development. The origin of male phenotype in 46,XX male could be the results of at least three different mechanisms:translocations of Y sequence, including the SRY gene, to an X chromosome or to an autosome(about 90% of cases); a mutation in a yet unknown X-linked or autosomal gene in the testis-determinating pathway, and cryptic Y chromosome mosacism. We experienced a case of SRY-positive 46,XX male in a 21-year-old man with small testes. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Endocrinol 2003;8:184-188)
Adolescent ; Azoospermia ; Genes, sry ; Gynecomastia ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Hypogonadism ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infertility ; Male* ; Phenotype ; Puberty ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Testis ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome ; Young Adult

46,XX male is a rare abnormality of sex determination with an incidence of 1 in 20,000 male neonates. The clinical manifestations of 46,XX males are usually hypogonadism, gynecomastia, azoospermia, and hyalinations of seminiferous tubules, with altered hormonal levels at puberty. Less frequently, some sexual ambiguities are found, always with sterility owing to reduced testicular development. The origin of male phenotype in 46,XX male could be the results of at least three different mechanisms:translocations of Y sequence, including the SRY gene, to an X chromosome or to an autosome(about 90% of cases); a mutation in a yet unknown X-linked or autosomal gene in the testis-determinating pathway, and cryptic Y chromosome mosacism. We experienced a case of SRY-positive 46,XX male in a 21-year-old man with small testes. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Endocrinol 2003;8:184-188)
Adolescent ; Azoospermia ; Genes, sry ; Gynecomastia ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Hypogonadism ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infertility ; Male* ; Phenotype ; Puberty ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Testis ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Ankle Fractures* ; Ankle*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the MR findings of embolized cerebral arteriovenous malformations according to various embolic materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed the endovascular embolization using four different kinds of embolic materials in 33 patients. Embolization related changes in the nidus and surrounding brain parenchyme were analyzed and the results were compared with pre- and postembolization MRI, CT and anglographic findings in all patients. RESULTS: Embolized vessels with N-buthyl-2-cyanoacrylate(NBCA) mixture showed some artifact in CT due to metallic character of tantalum powder or fatty nature of lipiodol. But in MRI, it was represented by fatty signals without artifact. In cases of using polyvinyl alcohol and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer(EVAL), there were no specific signal by the embolic material except for the disappearance of flow related signals in feeding arteries and shrinkage of venous ectasis. CONCLUSION: MRI is a valuable imaging modality for analysing the morphology and hemodynamics of cerebral AVMs, especially after embolization of pathologic vessels. Recognition of the signal of embolic agents and thus the thrombosed portion could lead to more precise analysis before surgery or radiosurgery.
Arteries ; Artifacts ; Brain ; Ethiodized Oil ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Polyvinyl Alcohol ; Radiosurgery ; Tantalum