No abstract availalbe.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Fibrosis* ; Humans ; Prospective Studies*

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Epilepsy*

BACKGROUND: Fulminant hepatic failure is a devastating process associated with high mortality, but no sequele after recovep. At the moment, there are no specific therapeutic modalities except for the orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) which is limited to a small number of patients due to a lack of donor organ. Recently, several nonsurgical managements have been investigated to overcome the donor shortage and to bridge patients to OLT. These include artificial hepatic support systems, hepatocyte transplantation and extracorporeal liver support. Xenotransplantation is also being investigated to circumbent the donor shortage. Hepatocyte transplantation:The application of liver cell transplantation has been envisioned for temporary metabolic support during liver failure, provision of specific liver functions in inherited metabolic diseases of the liver and as a vehicle for ex vivo gene therapy. Potential advantages over OLT are that the procedure is simple, hepatoyctes can be cryopreserved for immediate use in need, the cost is less expensive and abrogation of allograft rejection may be easier by the modification of antigenicity during culture. Moreover, donor shortage can be overcome by the use of fetal hepatocytes, conditionally immortalized hepatocytes and possibly liver progenitor cells. However, the optimum route and the method are still being investigated. Recently, biodegradable matrix or cotransplantation with non-parencymal liver cells is used to improve and prolong the survival of transplanted hepatocytes in the peritoneum, and injection of donor type splenocytes into the thymus along with ablation of the peripheral lymphocytes with antilymphocyte globulin is adopted to tolerize the recipient to allogeneic hepatocytes. BioartiTicial liver:Presently, several bioartificial liver systems use mammalian hepatocytes held within cartridges, mostly hollow- fiber bioreactor perfused by plasma or whole blood. Plasma is separated from patient blood using Background:Fulminant hepatic failure is a devastating process associated with high mortality, but no sequele after recovep. At the moment, there are no specific therapeutic modalities except for the orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) which is limited to a small number of patients due to a lack of donor organ. Recently, several nonsurgical managements have been investigated to overcome the donor shortage and to bridge patients to OLT. These include artificial hepatic support systems, hepatocyte transplantation and extracorporeal liver support. Xenotransplantation is also being investigated to circumbent the donor shortage. Hepatocyte transplantation:The application of liver cell transplantation has been envisioned for temporary metabolic support during liver failure, provision of specific liver functions in inherited metabolic diseases of the liver and as a vehicle for ex vivo gene therapy. Potential advantages over OLT are that the procedure is simple, hepatoyctes can be cryopreserved for immediate use in need, the cost is less expensive and abrogation of allograft rejection may be easier by the modification of antigenicity during culture. Moreover, donor shortage can be overcome by the use of fetal hepatocytes, conditionally immortalized hepatocytes and possibly liver progenitor cells. However, the optimum route and the method are still being investigated. Recently, biodegradable matrix or cotransplantation with non-parencymal liver cells is used to improve and prolong the survival of transplanted hepatocytes in the peritoneum, and injection of donor type splenocytes into the thymus along with ablation of the peripheral lymphocytes with antilymphocyte globulin is adopted to tolerize the recipient to allogeneic hepatocytes. BioartiTicial liver:Presently, several bioartificial liver systems use mammalian hepatocytes held within cartridges, mostly hollow- fiber bioreactor perfused by plasma or whole blood. Plasma is separated from patient blood using
Allografts ; Antilymphocyte Serum ; Bioreactors ; Cell Transplantation ; Genetic Therapy ; Hepatocytes* ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Failure* ; Liver Failure, Acute ; Liver, Artificial* ; Lymphocytes ; Metabolic Diseases ; Mortality ; Peritoneum ; Plasma ; Stem Cells ; Thymus Gland ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Infant, Newborn ; Humans

We analyze ninty-seven cases of Colles fractures treated with closed reduction and sugar tong splint immobilization and followed for more than 1 year at Seoul National University from January 1981 to Decmber 1985. The results of this study were as follows; l. All of 97 cases were closed fractures and the incidence was high in females who aged over 6th decades. The main cause of this injury was slipping down accident comprising of 68.0%. 2. 63 cases (64.9%) were simple extra-articular fractures, and 34 cases (35.1%) were comminuted intra-articular fractures. 3. In a group of simple extra-articular fracture the functional end result was satisfactory in 88.9%, so closed reduction and sugar tong splint were thought to be a good procedure in this group. 4. In a group of comminuted intra-articular fracture the functional end result was satisfactory in 58.9% only. In the cases which show unacceptable loss of position during first two weeks of routine sugar tong splint immobilization we feel another technique is indicated, such as.pin and plaster immobilization or percutaneous pinning. 5. The main cause of unsatisfactory result was malunion, which was produced by loss of reduction position.
Clinical Study ; Colles' Fracture ; Female ; Fractures, Closed ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Seoul ; Splints

No abstract available.
Female ; Mammaplasty*

The series comprised 424 cutaneous reactions to drugs treated at the department of Dermatology, Medical college of Korea University, during the years 1969-1975. The whole series comprised 211 male(49. 8%) and 213 female(50. 2%) patients. Exanthernatous eruptions are the most frequent of all cutaneous manifestation of drug reactions. Antipyretic analgesics, antibiotics and antibacterial drugs were the three group inducing most drug reactions in the present study, following by herb drugs. Of the antipyretic anaIgesics, acetylsalicylic acid was the ones most of the involved, and sulfonamides were the most frequent cause of skin reactions induced by antibacterial drugs and penicillin and tetracycline were the frequent cause of skin reactions induced by antibiotics.
Analgesics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aspirin ; Dermatology ; Drug Eruptions* ; Humans ; Korea ; Penicillins ; Skin ; Sulfonamides ; Tetracycline

This authors reviewed the radiographs of 20,057 patients with spinl radiculomyelopathy from April 1983 August 1990. The incidence and distribtion of the ossification of the spinal ligaments were analized as following. 1) The overall incidence of spinal ligaments ossification was 3.6% among 20,057 patients. 2) The most frequently occurs at lumbar area(67.1%), and then cervical(27.5%) thoracic(0.4%) area as in orders. 3) The OPLL was most common type(2.19%) of these spinal ligaments ossification, and then OALL(0.7%), OLF(0.24%) as in orders. 4) OPLL (1) OPLL was most frequent at lumbar area(58.6%) and then cervical(37.0%), thoracic(0.4%) area as in orders. (2) The cervical OPLL was commonly found at C5 & C6 area and morphologically, the multiple segmented type was most common then continuous type, mixed type and single segmented type in orders. (3) The multiple segmented type was more frequently found at upper cervical area, but the continuous type was more frequent at lower cervical area. 5) OALL (1) OALL was most frequent at lumbar area(86.0%) but thoracic(1.4%) and cervecal area(5.3%) were relatively low in frequency. (2) Of the lumbar OALL, the L4/5 area was most frequent site(37.8%) but the L3/4(25.3%) and L5/S1 area(24.5%) also had relatively high occurance rate. 6) OLF (1) OLF was most frequent at lumbar area(92.7%), but the incidence of OLF was relativerly rare at cervical(2.1%) and thoracic area(5.2%). (2) Of the lumbar OLF, the L4/5 area was most common site(33.1), but L5/S1 area had also high occurance rate(27.2%).
Humans ; Incidence ; Ligaments*

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in Korea. According to the report from Korean national statistical office, the mortality rate of stroke was 73.2/100,000 persons in 2000. In Western countries, stroke mortality rates declined gradually from 1970, which accelerated markedly around 1990. Since then, there has been no further decrease in stroke mortality rates until now and the situation has been similar in Korea. In the past, hemorrhagic stroke in Korea similar to other Far East Asian countries. However, the ratio of hemorrhagic to ischemic stroke has been reversed since mid-1980s. This trend might be due to the westernization of diet and life style as well as better control of hypertension. The case fatality rate from one of the large hospital-based stroke registry was 7.2% within 30 days after the onset of acute ischemic stroke, which is similar to those of other series from western countries with an advanced medical care systems. It may be attributed to the inclusion of more asymptomatic or milder patients with small lesions detected by neuroimaging. Importantly, the delay of hospital visit after the onset of stroke and the lower compliance for secondary prevention remain serious problems in managing acute stroke in Korea. Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and management of stroke, there has not been a nationwide population-based epidemiologic data on stroke in Korea. Therefore the application of Internet technology to develop multi center cooperative hospital-based registry could be an important step toward a long-waited nationwide stroke registry.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cause of Death ; Compliance ; Diagnosis ; Diet ; Epidemiology* ; Far East ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Internet ; Korea* ; Life Style ; Mortality ; Neuroimaging ; Secondary Prevention ; Stroke*

BACKGROUND: Pemphigus is a rare, chronic blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes with severe morbidity and occasional mortality. The clinical data of Korean pemphigus patients are quite limited, and an appropriate treatrnent regimen is not yet established. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to analyze the clinical characteristics of, and establish an appropriate treatment regimen for Korean pemphigus patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted for 24 pemphigus patients seen between 1992 and 1996. RESULTS: Pemphigus vulgaris(PV) was the most common type with 17 cases, followed by seven cases of pemphigus foliaceus(PF). There were no sexual preferences, and the average age at onset for PV and PF was 46 and 50 years old, respectively. Mucosal involvement was noted in 14 cases(82%) of PV and only in one case(14/o) of PF. There was no correlation between the extent of involvement and the titer of anti ICS(intercellular substance) antibody. Most patients received prednisolone of lmg/kg, and 12 PV patients also received immunosuppressive agents. Systemic side effects were noted in 10 cases of PV, and seven PF cases did not manifest any systemic side effects. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical manifestations and results of imrnunofluorescent studies of 24 Korean pemphigus patients were similar to those of the previous studies. For treatment of pemphigus, the lowest possible doses(less than 1mg/kg) of corticosteroid in combination with immunosuppressive agents appears to be more effective and less toxic than high doses of corticosteroid. We propose a regimen for treatment of Korean pemphigus patients based on these experiences. Further rnulti-center clinical trials are advocated to confirm an effective management protocol for Korean pemphigus patients.
Blister ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Mucous Membrane ; Pemphigus* ; Prednisolone ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin