A 12 years old Korean girl was seen on 10 Oct. 1969 with chief complaint of a large fleshy mass extruded out of the orbit associated with ocular pain of mild degree for several months. Her parents were first noticed that the girl's right eye had a peculiar reflex from the pupillary zone in 2 years of her age. She was advised by a local clinician to correct surgicaIly someday later in her childhood. At the age of four, the pupillary margin of the affected eye had become distorted and they became aware of the eyeball was a little protruded and the grade of protrusion had slowly advanced as she had grown up. About a year ago the patient suffered from sudden attack of severe ocular pain associated with vomiting. Having experienced the recurrences of similar attack several times, she at last in Sept. 1969 met a spontaneous outburst of the extruded mass from which the purulent and bloody contents flowed out. It was to be regretted that the history could not reveal when and how the globe had been disorganized as completely as such that no trace of configuration of the anterior segment could be recognized. Familial and past history were not contributory except measle with good recovery at 2 years of age. On examination, the left eye had good vision and no structural changes, wherease the right side showed a marked extrurusion of fleshy mass out of the lid aperture. The mass had a relatively smooth and congested coverage of the conjunctiva except it had the fistulae through which a small amount of the purulent and bloody discharge flowed out under the digital pressure. It was felt somewhat elastic and movable with a broad base into the orbit. On its surface no trace of the cornea or the other global structures could be found. Physical examinations of the whole body including regional lymphnodes revealed normal X-ray Was of chest, skuIl and optic foramina were normal. On 14 Oct. 1969 under general anesthesia an orbital exentration was undertaken because of either probability of a malignant tumor or a long standing intraocular inflammation. In the way of procedure necrotic contents bursted out by mechanical pressure through the weak point, i.e. the fistulae, and correspondingly the tumorous mass became softened. Confirming no hard mass palpable into the orbit, the operating procedure shifted to do partial exentration. The extirpated mass was subjected to the histological study. Grossly, the dissected area revealed that it contained a well preserved structure of sclera on the one side and completly necrotised material on the other, but it did not contain any remnants of the ordinary global structures such as cornea, iris, lens, vitreous and choroid. The hollowed space partially surrounded by scleral structure was filled with the dark and gelatinous materia. The mass was as a whole rather soft Histological examination showed numerous gland like proliferations composed of poorly differentiated and unpigment columner cells having relatively large nuclei, some of which showed a mitotic figure. These were conceivable to be of an embryonic retina. The lumina of the gland like structures with the various sizes and shapes were filled with a pink staining coagulum and an extremly delicate and regularly arranged fibrillar structure. In some parts the tumor consisted of solid cellular conglomeration with rosett like arrangement and in the other necrotic masses containing tumor cells in all stages of degeneration. For the most part and the surrounding structure of the tumor cells, the picture showed likely to be a diffuse inflammation with an infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells, partly vessels being mostly of capillaries and recent hemorrhages, but the cartilage was not found.
Anesthesia, General ; Capillaries ; Cartilage ; Child ; Choroid ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Female ; Fistula ; Gelatin ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Iris ; Orbit ; Parents ; Physical Examination ; Recurrence ; Reflex ; Retina ; Sclera ; Thorax ; Vomiting

K+ -selective ion channels were studied in excised inside-out membrane patches from human osteoblast-like cells(G292). There classes of K+ channels were present and could be distinguished on the basis of conductance. Conductances were 270+/-27 pS, 113+/-12 pS, 48+/-8 pS according to their approximate conductances in symmetrical 140 mM KCI saline at holding potential of -80 mV. It was found that the small conductance (48 pS) K+ channel activation was dependent on membrane voltage. In current-voltage relationship, small conductance K+ channel showed outward rectification, and it was activated by the positive potential inside the membrane. In recordings, single channel currents were activayed by a negative pressure outside the membrane. The membrane pressure increased P(open) of the K+ channel in a pressure-dependent manner. In the excised-patch clamp recordings, G292 osteoblast-like cells have been shown to contain three types of K+ channels. Only the small conductance (48 pS) K+ channel is sensitive to the membrane stretch. These findings suggest that a hyperpolarzing current, mediated in part by this channel, may be associated with early events during the mechanical loading of the osteoblast. In G292 osteoblast-like cells, K+ channel is sensitive to membrane tension, and may represent a unique adaptation of the bone cell membrane to mechanical stress.
Cell Membrane ; Humans ; Ion Channels ; Membranes ; Osteoblasts ; Stress, Mechanical

42 knees with degenerative arthritis underwent arthroscopic lavage and 7 knees underwent arthroscopic lavage combined with multiple bone drilling in between 1994 and 1995 and followed average 12 months. Clinical evaluation using the hospita1 for specia] surgery knee scores (HSS scores) was done at last follow up and classified into 4 groups: excellent (90-99), good (80-89), fair (70-79) and poor (less than 70). The results were as follows: l. Of the 42 knees of the lavage group, 6 knees (16%) was excellent, 14 knees (33%) good, ]7 knees (40%) fair and 5 (11%) knees poor. Success group (Excellent & Good) were achived in 20 knees (49%). 2. Of 17 knees treated with arthroscopic lavage comhined with multiple bone drillig resulted in excellent in 9 knees (53%), good in 4 knees (23%), fair in 2 knees (12%) and poor in 2 knees (12%). Success group were achived in 13 knees (76%). 1n conclusion, we helieve that multiple bone drilling in conjunction with arthroscopic lavage has more favorable effect on the pain relief for degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee than arthroscopic lavage only.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee* ; Osteoarthritis* ; Therapeutic Irrigation*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: he patients with atrial septal defect generally have no symptoms in the childhood, and have nonspecific symptoms such as dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, and palpitation even in the late period of adult. Thus delayed diagnosis for whom surgical correction was undoubtedly needed remains to be resolved. Accordingly, the simple and noninvasive method such as electrocardiography in patients with atrial septal defect having the nonspecific symptoms or having no symptoms warrants to be developed. This study was performed to see whether the crochetage pattern on R wave in inferior limb leads is effective for the electrocardiographic diagnosis of atrial septal defect and relates to the magnitude of left to right shunt. METHODS: Our subjects were 129 patients diagnosed as the atrial septal defect by the echocardiography and cardiac catheterization from January 1992 to June 1998. We selected 57 persons, as control group, who showed the normal findings under the echocardiography and also showed the incomplete right bundle branch block on the electrocardiography. We compared the frequency of the crochetage pattern in inferior limb leads between the two groups. Also we compared the frequency of the crochetage pattern before operation and after operation according to the quantity of the left to right shunt in the operated 40 patients with atrial septal defect. RESULTS: ) The crochetage pattern was observed in 61.2% in patients with atrial septal defect and its frequency was greater than that of the control group (38.6%, p=0.005). 2) The crochetage pattern was disappeared by the operation in 16/29 patients (55.2%, p=0.001). 3) The frequency of disappearance of the crochetage pattern after operation differed significantly according to shunt severity: 72.2% for a Qp/Qs> or =3.0 group, 18.2% for a Qp/Qs<3.0 group (p=0.015). CONCLUSION: The crochetage pattern on R wave in inferior limb leads was helpful to the electrocardiographic diagnosis of the atrial septal defect. The disappearance of the crochetage pattern after operation was correlated with shunt severity.
Adult ; Bundle-Branch Block ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography* ; Extremities* ; Fatigue ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Humans

PURPOSE: The in vitro dissolution of intrahepatic stones was evaluated using the various solvent mixtures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty four intrahepatic stones from 16 patients were used. Four kinds of solvent mixtures(No. 1 = basic buffer + EDTA, No. 2=1 + Sulfobetain-12, No. 3=2 + N-acetylcysteine, No. 4=3 + urea) were used. Dissolution rates were determined by measuring the weight loss of stones after 6, 12, 24, 48 hours incubation periods, respectively. RESULTS: The highest dissolution rates in dissolving intrahepatic stones were achieved with No. 4 solvent mixture(1% W/V EDTA/80mM, Sulfobetain-12/1 M, urea, pH 9.5). CONCLUSION: lntrahepatic stones could be largely dissolved up to about 70% of their initial weight after 48 hours incubation period in vitro.
Acetylcysteine ; Edetic Acid ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Urea ; Weight Loss

This experiment was performed to evaluate the morphological responses of the intestinal gland of the mouse, duodenum inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma cells, following administration of adriamycin or acriflavine -guanosine composition (AG60, Taerim Pharm. Co. Seoul, Korea). Healthy adult ICR mice weighing 25 g each were divided into normal and experimental groups (experimental control group, adriamycin treated group, and AG60 treated group). In the experimental groups, each mouse was inoculated with 1 x10 7 Ehrlich carcinoma cells subcutaneously in the inguinal area. From next day, 0.2 ml of saline, adriamycin (2 mg/ kg), AG60 (5 mg/kg) or AG60 (30 mg/kg) were injected subcutaneously to the animals every other day, respectively. The day following the 7th injection of anticancer drugs, each mouse was injected with a single dose of 0.7 microCi/gm of methyl -3 H -thymidine (25 Ci/mmol, Amersham Lab., England) through tail vein. Seventy minutes after the thymidine injection, animals were sacrificed. The number of the labeled epithelial cells of the duodenal crypts (mean number of labeled epithelial cells per 3.5 mm length of mucosa) were observed and calculated. On histological study, in the duodenum of adriamycin treated groups, vesiculated epithelial cells of the intestinal villi, expanded lumen of the intestinal gland (G) and loosely arranged lamina propria were observed. But in the AG60 treated group, morphological changes of the duodenum were not observed. On autoradiographic study, number of the labeled cells of normal control, experimental control, adriamycin -treated, AG60 (5 mg/kg)-, and AG60 (30 mg/kg)-treated groups were 595.3 +/-48.96, 715.+/-89.11, 96.0 +/-15.62, 632.0 +/-83.16 and 370.3 +/-49.65, respectively. In the adriamycin and AG60 30mg/kg -treated group, poorly -labeled cells containing only a few silver grains of 3 H -thymidine were observed more frequently than in those of the normal control group. But in the experimental control group, number of the heavy labeled cells were observed more frequently than in those of the normal control group. From the above results, adriamycin and AG60 (30 mg/kg) may suppress the DNA synthesis of the cells of the duodenal crypts. But AG60 does not result any histological defect on the duodenal mucosa. These results suggest that AG60 is expected as one of most effective anticancer drugs.
Acriflavine ; Adult ; Animals ; Edible Grain ; DNA* ; Doxorubicin* ; Duodenum ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium* ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Mucous Membrane ; Seoul ; Silver ; Thymidine ; Veins

Tracheal agenesis is an extremely rare and typically lethal congenital disorder. Approximately 150 cases have been described since 1900, and very few cases of survival have been reported. We describe tracheal reconstruction with external esophageal stenting in a patient with Floyd's type II tracheal agenesis. Neither long-term survival nor survival without mechanical ventilation for even a single day has previously been reported in patients with Floyd's type II tracheal agenesis. The infant in the present case survived for almost a year and breathed without a ventilator for approximately 50 days after airway reconstruction using external supportive stents.
Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities ; Humans ; Infant ; Respiration, Artificial ; Stents* ; Trachea ; Ventilators, Mechanical

A 33-month-old girl was admitted to the department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital complaining of progressively growing suboccipital mass of 14 months' duration. A round, rubbery, child-fist sized mass was situated at the suboccipital area slightly on the right side from midline. The mass was not tender, pulsatile, and bruits were not audibl. There were no significant neurological abnormalities. Simple skull x-ray showed the huge, blown-out osteolytic lesion at suboccipital area and right retrograde brachial angiogram demonstrated no vascularity within the mass. The thick grayish white, well encapsulated cystic mass was firmly adhered to the adjacent bone and underlying dura, and contained about 30cc of chocolate-like deep brownish red, greasy fluid, and soft grumous brownish materials representing organizing blood clots, and consisted of spongy or honeycombed, coarsely trabeculated architecture. The mass was totally extirpated. The report of biopsy was a typical aneurismal bone cyst. She had uneventful postoperative course.
Aneurysm* ; Biopsy ; Bone Cysts ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Neurosurgery ; Occipital Bone* ; Seoul ; Skull

A 33-month-old girl was admitted to the department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital complaining of progressively growing suboccipital mass of 14 months' duration. A round, rubbery, child-fist sized mass was situated at the suboccipital area slightly on the right side from midline. The mass was not tender, pulsatile, and bruits were not audibl. There were no significant neurological abnormalities. Simple skull x-ray showed the huge, blown-out osteolytic lesion at suboccipital area and right retrograde brachial angiogram demonstrated no vascularity within the mass. The thick grayish white, well encapsulated cystic mass was firmly adhered to the adjacent bone and underlying dura, and contained about 30cc of chocolate-like deep brownish red, greasy fluid, and soft grumous brownish materials representing organizing blood clots, and consisted of spongy or honeycombed, coarsely trabeculated architecture. The mass was totally extirpated. The report of biopsy was a typical aneurismal bone cyst. She had uneventful postoperative course.
Aneurysm* ; Biopsy ; Bone Cysts ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Neurosurgery ; Occipital Bone* ; Seoul ; Skull

This experiment was performed to evaluate the morphological responses of 5-fluorouracil or mitomycin C on the gastric parietal cells of mouse. 5 -fluorouracil (30 mg/kg) or mitomycin C (400 micro gram/kg) were injected subcutaneously every other day, and the animals were sacrificed at 4th day and 7th day following the first injection. Pieces of the tissue were taken from the stomach, prefixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde -1.5% paraformaldehyde, followed by post-fixation with 1% osmium tetroxide. The ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. In both of the 5-fluorouracil or the mitomycin C treated groups, most parietal cells showed severely reduced luminal spaces of the intracellular canaliculi, since microvilli of intracellular canaliculi were very irregular shaped and nearly contacted with each other, and the cytoplasmic tubulovesicular membranes were disintegrated and indistinct. The changes in the 5-fluorouracil treated group were more indistinct than in those of the mitomycin C treated group. In the 5-fluorouracil treated group, balooning of the cytoplasm, focal cytolysis, myelin figures, lysosomes and multivesicular bodies in the parietal cells were observed more frequently than in those of the mitomycin C treated group. Above results suggest that the 5-fluorouracil or mitomycin C treated animals might suffer from reduced acid secretion of the parietal cell, since the collapsed lumen of the intracellular canaliculi, the disintegration of the tubulovesicular membranes, and the reduction of cell organelles in the parietal cells are occurred within a few days following injections. 5-fluorouracil was proved more harmful on the parietal cell than mitomycin C does.
Animals ; Citric Acid ; Cytoplasm ; Fluorouracil* ; Gastric Mucosa ; Glutaral ; Lysosomes ; Membranes ; Mice* ; Microvilli ; Mitomycin* ; Multivesicular Bodies ; Myelin Sheath ; Organelles ; Osmium Tetroxide ; Parietal Cells, Gastric* ; Phenobarbital ; Rabeprazole ; Stomach