No abstract available.
Animals ; Atrophy* ; Electric Stimulation* ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Rats* ; Sciatic Nerve*

In general, pelvic fracture carries higher mortality especially from motor veicle accident, we have retrospectively reviewed charts and radiographs of 185 patients in order to identify clinical fading, kinds of fracture, hemodynamic changes and associated injuries in patients with pelvic fractures. We attempted to classify pelvic fractures according Young classification. The following results were obtained; 1. On age and sex distribution, the pelvic fractures showed peak incidence between 2nd decade and 5th decade. Male was affected more frequently than female, the ratio being male to female, 2.6 to 1. 2. The mechamisn of injury was motor veicle accident in 155(83.8%), fall in 25(13.5%), others in 5(2.7%). 3. The associated injuries of pelvic fractures: extremity, thoracic, urinary system, intraperitoneal and head injury. 4. Of the 185 cases of the pelvic fractures, simple pelvic fractures are 101 cases(54.6%), lateral compression in 39(21.1%), anteroposterior compression in 18(9.7%), vertical shearing in 17(9.2%), mixed pattern in 10(5.4%). 5. Retroperitoneal hematoma and urinary tracts injuries were the most common associated in mixed pattern. 6. The incidence of hemodynamically unstable fractures were 19.8% in simple pelvic fracture but, as expected was higher in major pelvic ring disruptions except to acetabular fracture(52.4%). 7. Mortality rates were 5.9% in all pelvic fractures but 10.7% in major pelvic ring disruptions except to acetabular fractures. Prognostic factor in pelvic fractures were the amount of hemorrhage and associated injuries, therefore early diagnosis and managements are essential to reduce the mortality in pelvic fracture.
Acetabulum ; Classification* ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Early Diagnosis ; Extremities ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hemodynamics* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Distribution ; Urinary Tract

Bleeding from esophageal or gastric varix is the most critical and life-threatening complication of portal hypertension and the most common cause of deaths in the patients with cirrhosis. In the management of variceal bleeding, the various therapeutic interventions including operation and nonoperative procedure were tried, but neither of management was successfully achieved. Between February 1992 and November 1994, we performed endoscopic injection sclerotherapy(EIS) in 35 cirrhotic patients who had recently bled from esophageal varices and had a past history of esophageal variceal bleeding in Chonbuk National Univesity Hospital. Among 35 patients, 32 were male and 3 were female. The underlying severity of liver disease was graded A, B or C according to modification of Child-Pugh classification. EIS was repeated every 1 week until the esophageal varices had been complete obliterated and removed. To investigate the effects of esophageal varix eradication by EIS on combined peri- cardial varix, endoscopic examinations were performed both before procedure and after complete EIS sessions and this study was performed to examine a changes of combined pericardial varices after EIS procedure for the treatment of esophageal varices bleeding secondary to portal hypertesion. We reviewed medical records and compared changes or sizes of pericardial varices before and after EIS procedure. Mean follow up peiod was 61 days. Total number of 162 EIS for variceal eradication were performed. Mean session for eradication of esophageal varices was 4.6 per person, mean amount of injected sclerosant was 8.3cc(1-18cc), mean duration of EIS was 39 days, and mean follow up was 62 days after complete EIS procedure. In total 162 EIS procedure, complications associated with EIS including substernal discomfort 53.7%(n=87), substernal chest pain 45.7%(n=74), fever 4.9%(n=8), dysphagia 14.2%(n=23) and pleural effusion 3.1%(n=5), were transient and not required specific management. During the follow-up period, complete disapperance of pericardial varix or reduction of size was appeared in l8 cases(51.4%) among total 35 patients. No significant changes of variceal size before and after procedure were l6 cases(45.7%) and only 1 case(2.9%) was more aggravated. So, these results suggest that EIS procedure of esophageal varix on pericardial varix seems either to improve or to maintain the severity of the pericardial gastric varix without aggravation.
Cause of Death ; Chest Pain ; Classification ; Deglutition Disorders ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Ethanolamine* ; Female ; Fever ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Jeollabuk-do ; Liver Diseases ; Male ; Medical Records ; Oleic Acid* ; Pleural Effusion ; Sclerotherapy* ; Varicose Veins

Bleeding from esophageal or gastric varix is the most critical and life-threatening complication of portal hypertension and the most common cause of deaths in the patients with cirrhosis. In the management of variceal bleeding, the various therapeutic interventions including operation and nonoperative procedure were tried, but neither of management was successfully achieved. Between February 1992 and November 1994, we performed endoscopic injection sclerotherapy(EIS) in 35 cirrhotic patients who had recently bled from esophageal varices and had a past history of esophageal variceal bleeding in Chonbuk National Univesity Hospital. Among 35 patients, 32 were male and 3 were female. The underlying severity of liver disease was graded A, B or C according to modification of Child-Pugh classification. EIS was repeated every 1 week until the esophageal varices had been complete obliterated and removed. To investigate the effects of esophageal varix eradication by EIS on combined peri- cardial varix, endoscopic examinations were performed both before procedure and after complete EIS sessions and this study was performed to examine a changes of combined pericardial varices after EIS procedure for the treatment of esophageal varices bleeding secondary to portal hypertesion. We reviewed medical records and compared changes or sizes of pericardial varices before and after EIS procedure. Mean follow up peiod was 61 days. Total number of 162 EIS for variceal eradication were performed. Mean session for eradication of esophageal varices was 4.6 per person, mean amount of injected sclerosant was 8.3cc(1-18cc), mean duration of EIS was 39 days, and mean follow up was 62 days after complete EIS procedure. In total 162 EIS procedure, complications associated with EIS including substernal discomfort 53.7%(n=87), substernal chest pain 45.7%(n=74), fever 4.9%(n=8), dysphagia 14.2%(n=23) and pleural effusion 3.1%(n=5), were transient and not required specific management. During the follow-up period, complete disapperance of pericardial varix or reduction of size was appeared in l8 cases(51.4%) among total 35 patients. No significant changes of variceal size before and after procedure were l6 cases(45.7%) and only 1 case(2.9%) was more aggravated. So, these results suggest that EIS procedure of esophageal varix on pericardial varix seems either to improve or to maintain the severity of the pericardial gastric varix without aggravation.
Cause of Death ; Chest Pain ; Classification ; Deglutition Disorders ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Ethanolamine* ; Female ; Fever ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Jeollabuk-do ; Liver Diseases ; Male ; Medical Records ; Oleic Acid* ; Pleural Effusion ; Sclerotherapy* ; Varicose Veins

Intracranial hypoglossal neurinomas are rare and only about fifty cases have been reported worldwidely. They usually present with hypoglossal nerve palsy preoperatively. The authors experienced, however, two cases of intracranial hypoglossal neurinomas without preoperative hypoglossal nerve palsy. One patient was operated using transcondylar retrosigmoid approach with C1 laminectomy and the other using midline suboccipital craniectomy with C1 laminectomy. Postoperatively hypoglossal nerve palsy was developed in both cases. Absence of preoperative hypoglossal palsy seemed to be related to somewhat different growth pattern in these two cases. When the tumor shows typical radiological findings of hypoglossal neurinoma, it must be included in differential diagnosis despite absence of preoperative hypoglossal nerve palsy.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases* ; Hypoglossal Nerve* ; Laminectomy ; Neurilemmoma* ; Paralysis

Epidural hemangioma is a rare neoplasm which consists of 4% of epidural tumors and 12% of hemangiomas of vertebral column. But most of them are secondary involvement of epidural space by vertebral hemangioma and pure epidural hemangioma is very rare. Reported cases involve thoracic & lumbar level. Neural foramen & paraspinal region are usually invaded by the tumor mass. Clinical symptoms are similar to simple low back pain or disc herniation. Myelography, CT & MRI are helpful to make diagnosis but pathologic finding is important for final diagnosis. Authors are reporting a case of epidural hemangioma which was difficult to differentiate from HIVD by symptomatology & radiologic findings alone.
Diagnosis ; Epidural Neoplasms ; Epidural Space ; Hemangioma ; Low Back Pain ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myelography ; Spine

OBJECTIVE: We report a case with a long-standing history of the ankylosing spondylitis(AS) who showed multiple cerebellar infarctions with bulbar symptom owing to vertebral artery obstruction, due to anterior and vertical subluxation of atlanto-axial and atlanto-occipital joint. CLINICAL PRESENTARION: An 51-year-old male patient with swallowing difficulty, tongue deviation to the left side and severe nuchal pain and rigidity is presented. INTERVENTION: After removal of posterior portion of foramen magnum, posterior portion of left transverse foramen of axis was decompressed. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous anterior atlanto-axial subluxation occurs in patients with AS about 2% of presents with or without signs of spinal cord compression. Vertical subluxation occurs in 3-8% of patient with rheumatoid arthritis but it is an exceedingly rare complication of AS. Close observation and follow-up are needed in patients with AS and if subluxation occurs, good prognosis is anticipated using an early operative treatment.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Atlanto-Occipital Joint* ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Deglutition ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foramen Magnum ; Humans ; Infarction ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Spinal Cord Compression ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing* ; Tongue ; Vertebral Artery*

OBJECTIVE: We compared the effect of decompressive craniectomy between patients < 65 and ≥ 65 years age and investigated prognostics factors that may help predict favorable outcome in acute stroke patients undergoing decompressive surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 52 patients diagnosed with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarction that underwent decompressive craniectomy were retrospectively reviewed. The outcome of all patients were evaluated by assessing the Glasgow coma scale, Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), and Modified Rankin scale (mRS) six months after the onset of the disease. 21 patients were preoperatively evaluated with a computed tomography angiography (CTA). Leptomeningeal collateral (LMC) circulation was graded using CTA by experienced neurosurgeons to assess its prognostic value. RESULTS: The thirty day mortality for patients ≥ 65 was 35.0% compared to 37.5% in patients < 65. There was no significant difference in the clinical and function outcome between the two groups (4.8 ± 1.2 vs. 4.5 ± 1.5, p = 0.474). Mortality was lower with early surgery (within 24 hours) group for both age groups (25% vs. 37.5% in ≥ 65, 20% vs. 40.7% in < 65). Longer intensive care units stay time and good collateral supply score were correlated with favorable outcome (p = 0.028, p = 0.018). CONCLUSION: Decompressive craniectomy within 24 hours of stroke symptom onset improved survival in both the < 65 and ≥ 65 age groups. There was no significant difference in the functional outcome of both age groups. Unlike previous reports, old age, delayed operation, and multiple of infarct territories were not predictive of poor functional outcome. The presence of good collateral circulation may be a predictor of positive clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy.
Aged* ; Angiography ; Brain Edema ; Cerebral Infarction ; Collateral Circulation ; Decompressive Craniectomy* ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Humans ; Infarction ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Intensive Care Units ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Mortality ; Neurosurgeons ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke

The aim of this study was to measure the immediate pull-out strengths by increasing the number of suture loops and to compare the immediate pull-out strengths of three different suturing techniques. In one group, the number of suture loops increased from 2 to 9 and the suturing technique of multiple loops through the proximal ligament stumps was used. The other group, the three different techniques were transverse, vertical, and criss-cross suture. The ultimate strength for the 2 loops was 16.62 (+/-6.7)N, for the 3 loops was 34.45 (+/-12.5)N, for the 4 loops was 54.80 (+/-17.7)N, for the 5 loops was 74.30 (+/-21.4)N, for the 6 loops was 102.49 (+/-13.5)N, for the 7 loops was 105.05 (+/-24.8)N, for the 8 loops was 129.50 (+/-76.1)N, for the 9 loops was 229.50 (+/-48.7)N. The transverse suture had a mean ultimate strength of 47.38 (+/-14.8)N, where-as the vertical suture failed at 76.94 (+/-26.4)N and the criss-cross suture at 101.82 (+/-25.7)N. Consequently, their strength can be improved by increasing the number of loops and we suggest that the criss-cross suture technique is reliable method for clinical use, because of high failure strength and wider apposition area of bone to ligament.
Ligaments* ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures

No abstract available.
Toluene*