A case of situs inversus totalis was observed in the cadaver of a 35 year old Korean female and the anatomical structures were investigated. The fact that she had received intestinal resection due to tuberculosis of intestines was confirmed. The results are summarized as follows : 1. All thoracic and abdominal viscera were completely transposed and in the left lower quadrant of abdomen, it was observed that the distal portion of the small intestine, cecum, appendix and part of the ascending colon had been resected. 2. Classic mirror-image dextrocardia with patent foramen ovale (large diameter, 7mm), sinusitis in the left maxillary sinus, bilateral thoracic duct, variation of the opennig site of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct, and maldvelopment of the left adrenal gland were observed together with the sinus inversus totalis.
Abdomen ; Adrenal Glands ; Appendix ; Cadaver ; Cecum ; Colon, Ascending ; Common Bile Duct ; Dextrocardia ; Female ; Foramen Ovale, Patent ; Humans ; Intestine, Small ; Intestines ; Maxillary Sinus ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Sinusitis ; Situs Inversus* ; Thoracic Duct ; Tuberculosis ; Viscera

Adrenal cortical carcinoma is a rare disease both in adults and in children. Most of these tumors are functional, especially in children, producing endocrine syndromes such as virilization, Cushing syndrome, hyperaldosteronism or feminization. We experienced a case of adrenal cortical carcinoma in a 7yr old boy who showed features of virilization such as rapid growth rate, penile enlargement, and pubic hair. This case was diagnosed with typical hormonal findings and abdominal MRI and confirmed by pathologic findings. He was successfully treated by total left adrenalectomy and has been followed up without problem over eight months.
Adrenalectomy ; Adrenocortical Carcinoma* ; Adult ; Child ; Cushing Syndrome ; Feminization ; Hair ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Rare Diseases ; Virilism

We developed Extor pins for Extor external fixator, it made of stainless steel and applied it clinically to manage open fractures and chronic osteomyelitis from December, 1993 to January, 1995. The main aim of present study is to compare the mechanical strength and biocompatibillity between Extor pins and AO Schanz pins, and to determine the safety and possibility of clinical use. We performed the biomechanical test for bending, tension, and shearing of pin itself using universal testing machine (LR5OK) and pullout test in cadeveric cortical femur to determine the bone holding power. There was no significant difference between Extor and AO Schanz pin (p>0.05). Clinically, the incidence of pin site infection, pin lossening, radiological rarefaction, and pathological change were not different significantly (p>0.05). Although Extor pins are somewhat different from AO Shanz pins in material and design characteristics, we can find the safety and possibility of clinical use of Extor pins made in Korea.
External Fixators* ; Femur ; Fractures, Open ; Incidence ; Korea ; Osteomyelitis ; Stainless Steel

BACKGROUND: Recently authentic human growth hormone(hGH) has produced in the E coli K-12, W3110 by recombinant DNA tecbnology in Korea In this paper, the clinical efficacy and immunogenicity of this GH was shdied in 38 children with growth hormone deficiency during therapy of 1 year. METHODS: The subjects of this study were aged 4.9-13.9 years, diagnosed by failure of plasma GH to respond to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, arginine and/or L-dopa loading and height below -2 standard deviation of mean for their chronological age. Each patient received GH 0.5-0.7IU/kg/week subcutaneously in 6-7 divided doses. During treatment, vital signs, height, body weight and bone age were checked every 3 months. Complete blood count, urinalysis, blood chemistry and thyroid hormone were checked before and every 6 months. The measurement of serum IGF-1 level and antibody against hGH were performed before and every 6 months during therapy of I year. RESULT: The height velocities significantly increased from 3.3 +/- 1.5cm/year to 10.1 +/- 2.5 and 9.0 +/- 1.8cm/year at 6 and 12 months of therapy, respectively. The height standard deviation score for chronological age were significantly improved from -2.141.50 to -1.74 +/- 1.43 and -1.54 +/- 1.38 at 6 and 12 months of therapy with increasing ratio of bone age to chronological age from 0.72 +/- 0.15 at pretreatment to 0.76 +/- 0.15 at 6 month, 0.79 +/- 0.16 at 12 month of therapy. The plasma IGF-1 level significantly increased during treatment. One of 36 patients(2.8%) showed positive antibody against hGH after 1 year of treatment. During therapy of 1 year, unwanted and remarkable clinical side effect were not observed in all subjects. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that this E. coli derived authentic recombinant growth hormone is very effective in stimulating linear growth in children with growth hormone deficiency.
Arginine ; Blood Cell Count ; Body Height ; Chemistry ; Child* ; DNA, Recombinant ; Escherichia coli ; Growth Hormone* ; Human Growth Hormone ; Humans* ; Hypoglycemia ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Korea ; Levodopa ; Plasma ; Thyroid Gland ; Urinalysis ; Vital Signs

A rare case in the pattern of the origin of the celiac artery was observed in the cadaver of a 64 year old Korean male and the results are summarized as follows. The superior mesenteric artery originated from the abdominal aorta at the level of the intervertebral dusk between first and second lumbar vertebra. At a point 4cm from the origin of the superior mesenteric arterr, a common trunk appeared and ran 1cm and then divided into the common hepatic artery and the splenic artery. The common hepatic artery divided into the right gastric artery and the proper hepatic artery at a point 4.5cm after the bifurcation. A common trunk formed by the left inferior phrenic artery and the lefts gastric artery arose from the abdominal aorta about 0.8cm about the origin of the celiacomesenteric trunk.
Aorta, Abdominal ; Arteries ; Cadaver ; Celiac Artery* ; Hepatic Artery ; Humans ; Male ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Spine ; Splenic Artery

Background:Eutropin is a recombinant human growth hormone preparation and has been used in patients with growth hormone deficiency. Short stature is a characteristic feature of Turner syndrome, which is caused by sexual chromosomal anomalies. Growth hormone therapy would increase growth velocity and increase the ultimate final height in patients with Turner syndrome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects and safety in patients with Turner syndrome with Eutropin treatment. Subjects and METHODS:60 patients with Turner syndrome,who were diagnosed by chromosome study,were treated with Eutropin 1IU/kg/week for 12 months and followed up every 3 month. The height and weight were evaluate at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 months. A complete blood count, ESR, urinary analysis and chemistry studies were done every 3 month. IGF- I , T4, TSH & anti-GH antibody were measured at 6 months and 12 months. Chest X-ray was checked at 0, 6 ,12 months. RESULTS:60 patients were enrolled but 10 patients were lost or treated irregularly and excluded in the study of growth effect. but included all cases in safety analysis. At the onset of Eutropin therapy,their mean age was 10.8+/-2.9 years old(range 4.2- 14.9yr)and the height was 121.1+/-13.7cm(-3.1+/-0.9 SDS) and yearly growth velociy was 3.4+/-1.5cm. Their weight was 30.5+/-10.6kg and bone age 9.1+/-3.0 yrs. After Eutropin treatment, mean height was increased to 123.2+/-13.5cm at 3 months, 125.2+/-13.1cm at 6 months, 127.5+/-12.4cm at 9 months, 128.3+/-12.8cm at 12 months. Height velocity were increased to 8.3+/-3.1cm at 3 months, 8.1+/-2.6cm at 6 months, 7.6+/-1.9cm at 9 months and 7.1+/-1.9cm at 12 months(P<0.001). Height SDS at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 months were -3.1+/-0.9, -2.9+/-1.0, -2.7+/-0.9, -2.7+/-0.9 respectively(P>0.001).Their bone age were 9.1+/-3.0yr, 9.6+/-2.9yr, 10.2+/-2.7yr before and 6 & 12 months after treatment respectively. HA/BA were 0.84+/-0.15, 0.87+/-0.13, 0.88+/-0.12 at before and 6 & 12 months after treatment respectively(P<0.05). Growth velocity of 4-8 yrs group was most prominent compared to other groups. Serum IGF- I concentration was increased from 167.4+/-85.8ng/ml to 368.4+/-158.1ng/ml at 6 months and 423.2+/-181.0ng/ml at 12 month(P<0.001) after treatment. No significant changes were observed in thyroid function, CBC, ESR, Blood chemistry and urinalysis. Anti-hGH antibody were positive in 2 patients, but these didnot attenualte the growth velocity. CONCLUSION: Treatment with Eutropin increased significantly height velocity in patients with Turner syndrome. No specific adverse events were observed during Eutropin therapy.
Blood Cell Count ; Chemistry ; Growth Hormone ; Human Growth Hormone ; Humans* ; Thorax ; Thyroid Gland ; Turner Syndrome* ; Urinalysis

The report of the M. pyramidalis was studied in 51 cadavers of Korean adults (male 33, female 18). Origin, insertion and number of this muscle were observed, and the length and breadth were also measured. The results were as follows : 1. The right pyramidal muscle was absent in one male cadaver, and the left pyramidal muscle was absent in two male cadavers. 2. In one male cadaver, pyramidal muscles of both sides had bifurcated origin. 3. In Korean adults, the average length of this muscle was 6.72cm in right, 7.05cm in left, and the breadth was about 2.0cm in both sides. The morphological index was 31.10 in right, and 29.55 in left. 4. In Korean male, the average length of this muscle was 1.93cm in right, 7.42cm in left, and the breadth was 1.93cm in right and 1.92cm in left. The morphological index was 28.70 in right and 26.58 in left. 5. In Korean female, the average length was 6.26cm in right, 6.38cm in left. and the breadth was 2.13cm in right and 2.12cm in left. The morphological index was 35.57 in right and 34.63 in left. 6. Compared with other human races, the pyramidal muscle was less frequently wanting in Asians (3.9%), including the Korean adults, than wanting in European (19.9%), American Whites (20.4%) and Negroes (15.1%). 7. The morphological index of this muscle was little differences existing in male of the human races, but this index was higher in Korean female (35.0) than in Japanese female (24.4) and in American female Whites (25.8). The morphological index was 32.3 in American female Negroes.
Adult* ; African Continental Ancestry Group ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cadaver ; Continental Population Groups ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles

No abstract available.
Appendix* ; Fetus*

BACKGROUND: There has been a change in the causes of aortic stenosis when comparence of rheumatioc aortic stenosis in recent year. Therefore, we studied the etiology factor of pure aortic stenosis. METHODS: The gross surgical pathologic features of the aortic valves were reviewed in 92 patients with pure aotic stenosis whom underwent aortic valve replacement at Yonsei University, Cardiovascular center between July 1989 and June 1994. RESULTS: The three most frequent causes were 1) calcification of congenital bicuspid valve in 30%, 2) degenerative calcification of aortic valve in 22%, 3) rheumatioc valvular change in 48%. The mean age at the time of aortic valve replacement for the entire series of patients was 54.4 years. The range of age was from 18 years to 77 years. Males predominated for degenerative disease and congenital bicuspid valves, but there were reversed rheumatic origin. One or more complications occured in 17% of patients undergoing operation. The surgical mortality was 3.3%. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that more common cause of aortic stenosis is non-rheumatic disease rather than rheumatinc origin.
Adult* ; Aortic Valve ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve ; Mortality

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Musculocutaneous Nerve*