The incidence of intertrochanteric fracture of femur in young adult is relatively high in our home than other countries. But recently the incidence in elderly patient is progressively increased due to prolongation of average life span and increased activity. Various devices has been developed and the result of treatment has been improved, but the morbidity after fracture in elderly patient remains high because of poor general condition and osteoporosis. We tried to assess the availability of SHCP(sliding hip compression plate) in the intertrochanteric fracture of the osteoporotic bone by the review of the 27 cases below Singh index III that we experienced from September, 1989 to June, 1993 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Chonbuk National University Hospital. The results were as follows: 1. Mean age was 68 years. Type III in Tronzo classification was most common(51.9%). Singh index II was 17 cases(63%) and grade III was 10 cases(37%). 2. In 23 cases(88.8%), anatomical reduction was performed. The bony union was gained at average 15.8 weeks. The serious complications were 1 penetration and 1 osteoarthritis of hip. 3. Satisfactory results were obtained in 88% of patients by the functional class of Clawson DK.
Aged ; Classification ; Femur ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollabuk-do ; Orthopedics ; Osteoarthritis, Hip ; Osteoporosis ; Young Adult

A rare case in the pattern of the origin of the celiac artery was observed in the cadaver of a 64 year old Korean male and the results are summarized as follows. The superior mesenteric artery originated from the abdominal aorta at the level of the intervertebral dusk between first and second lumbar vertebra. At a point 4cm from the origin of the superior mesenteric arterr, a common trunk appeared and ran 1cm and then divided into the common hepatic artery and the splenic artery. The common hepatic artery divided into the right gastric artery and the proper hepatic artery at a point 4.5cm after the bifurcation. A common trunk formed by the left inferior phrenic artery and the lefts gastric artery arose from the abdominal aorta about 0.8cm about the origin of the celiacomesenteric trunk.
Aorta, Abdominal ; Arteries ; Cadaver ; Celiac Artery* ; Hepatic Artery ; Humans ; Male ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Spine ; Splenic Artery

Antiseptics are substances that kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms when applied to living tissue. They must be effective against microorganisms but must also retain their activity in presence of body fluids without being harmful locally or systemically. Among many antiseptics, Betadine(R) has been widely used because of its low toxicity and high germicidal efficacy. We reported 2 cases of allergic contact dermatitis to Betadine(R) in surgical patients. They had eczematous eruption along the Betadine(R) applying sites. Path tests Betadine(R) confirmed the diagnosis.
Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; Body Fluids ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Diagnosis ; Humans

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The present study was carried out to investigate transient arteriolar vasospasm following reperfusion in the gerbil as an ischemic model and relationship between vasospasm and the changes of morphologic, physiologic and regional blood flow. METHODS: The transient arteriolar vasospasm was observed under the microscope. All gerbils were perfusion fixed and ischemic neuronal damage was checked in the CA1 subfield of the dorsal hippocampus. Metabolic parameters were serially measured during the occlusion and after recirculation, and cerebral blood flow was measured with a laser Doppler flowmetry. RESULTS: 1. Among the 18 gerbils with BCAO(bilateral carotid artery occlusion) for 2 minutes, 8 gerbils showed vasospasm after reopening, namely post-ischemic vasospasm, and 10 gerbils did not show vasospasm. 2. In all animals, metabolic parameters showed decreased PaCO2 and high pH just after the occlusion but increased PaCO2 and lowered pH following the recirculation. BCAO caused marked increase in systemic blood pressure but it returned to preischemic levels following the recirculation. 3. In all animals, BCAO caused marked decrease of cerebral blood flow compared to preischemic levels immediately following the occlusion but it returned to preischemic levels following the recirculation. And it took some longer the onset and duration of the transient increase in blood volume after reopening in the animals with vasospasm than those without vasospasm. 4. There was no morphological neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 subfield, at 1, 3, 7 days following 2-minute ischemic insult. CONCLUSION: The present study confirmed that BCAO in gerbils resulted in forebrain ischemia caused transient cortical vasospasm in the gerbil. But there was no close relationship between vasospasm and the changes of morphologic, physiologic and regional blood flow.
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Volume ; Brain Ischemia* ; Brain* ; Carotid Arteries* ; Cerebral Cortex* ; Gerbillinae* ; Hippocampus ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ischemia ; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry ; Microcirculation* ; Neurons ; Perfusion ; Prosencephalon ; Regional Blood Flow ; Reperfusion

Changes in the number, the immunoreactivities and the ultrastructures of sero- tonin immunoreactive mucosal mast cells[MMCs] in rat gastrointestinal tracts after vagus nerve stimulation were investigated by using light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical methods. The vagus nerves were electrically stimulated with a square wave pulse generator for a duration of 5 minutes each, a total of 8 times at 2 minute intervals. Serotonin immunoreactive cells of the connective tissues of the gastrointestinal tract were mainly located in the lamina propria, and a small number of the cells were also scattered in the submucosa. By using electron microscopic immunocytochemistry and Wright stain, the serotonin immunoreactive cells of the lamina propria and the submucosa were identified to be MMCs. A few large-sized serotonin immunoreactive connective tissue mast cells [CTMCs], showing strong metachromasia with the Wright stain, were located together with the MMCs in the submucosa of the stomach. In most of the gut regions of the control group, the majority of the MMCs did not show any serotonin immunoreactivities and only a few MMCs showed weak serotonin immunoreactivities. After stimulation of the vagus nerves, the number and the immnu- noreactivities of the serotonin immunoreactive MMCs dramatically increased in all gut regions observed, especially in the small intestines. In the samples treated with the electron microscopic immnunocytochemical methods, hardly any serotonin immunoreactivities were detected in the MMCs of the control group. However, the serotonin imrnunoreactivities of the MMCs were significantly increased after vagus nerve stimulation. The serotonin immnunoreactive products were localized, following vagal stimulation, both in the peripheral matrix of the granules and in the cytoplasm. Also, it was confirmed ultrastructurally that the Golgi complexes were expanded in the MMCs of the vagal stimulation group. The above results suggest that vagus nerve stimulation may activate serotonin biosynthesis in MMCs.
Animals ; Connective Tissue ; Cytoplasm ; Gastrointestinal Tract* ; Golgi Apparatus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestine, Small ; Mast Cells* ; Mucous Membrane ; Rats* ; Serotonin* ; Stomach ; Vagus Nerve Stimulation* ; Vagus Nerve*

This study was undertaken to investigate the ultrastructure of the neurons, neuroglial cells and capillaries in the area postrema[AP] of the Oriental discolured bat, Vespertilio superans. The AP of the bat was a single midline structure at the most caudal portion of the fourth ventricle. Most neurons in the AP were small cells, but their ultrastructure were similar to the typical neurons located elsewhere in the central nervous system. Astroglial cells and oligodendrocytes were also observed and showed their typical ultrastructure. Ultrastructural features of neurons, astroglial cells and oligodendrocytes were not changed during hibernating cycles. However, microglial cells were only found in the hibernating AP ; these cells were located in the parenchyma and near the blood vessels of the AP. Since the microglial cytoplasm was filled with phagocytotic inclusions, the nuclei of the these cells were eccentrically located. Phagocytotic cytoplasmic inclusions were shown to be composed of a dense irregular peripheral region and the pale round central region. A Large vacant space was often found in the electron lucent central region. Continuous and fenestrated capillaries surrounded by pericytes were found in the bat`s AP. Especially, Phagocytotic inclusions were found in the pericyte cytoplasm of the hibernating AP, and this result supports suggestion that pericytes might be phagocytotic cells. On the basis of the distributions of phagocytotic tells[pericytes and microglial cell], ultrastructure of these cells, morphology of their cytoplasmic inclusions, and the appearance of phagocytotic activity of the pericytes during the hibernating stage when microglial cells were observed, it can be concluded that pericytes may also participates in the formation of rrlicroglial cells. Tanycytes were also found in the bat AP.
Area Postrema* ; Blood Vessels ; Capillaries ; Central Nervous System ; Cytoplasm ; Ependymoglial Cells ; Fourth Ventricle ; Inclusion Bodies ; Microglia ; Neuroglia ; Neurons ; Oligodendroglia ; Pericytes

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary* ; Thyroid Gland*

PURPOSE: We wanted to compare CT urography (CTU) with using multi-detector row CT (MDCT) and intravenous urography (IVU) for diagnosing the causes of hematuria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2003 to March 2004, IVU and CTU were obtained in 48 patients. We evaluated the causes of hematuria in 34 of 48 patients. The IVU images were obtained by the conventional method. The CTU images were routinely obtained before intravenous contrast injection, and at 2 and 5 minutes after intravenous contrast injection. In case of delayed excretion of contrast by the kidneys, the delayed CT scans were obtained at 120 minutes after contrast injection. All the CT images, including the axial and 3D coronal reformatted CTUs with using software as well as conventional IVU images, were reviewed by two radiologists working in consensus. We decided if urinary stone existed or not and we looked for the indirect signs such as hydronephrosis or delayed excretion, etc. We also observed if it was possible to determine the mass, ureteral stricture and enhancement of the ureteral wall, etc. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for each modality to diagnose urinary stone. We compared the detection rate according to the phases of CTU. RESULTS: We confirmed the presence of urinary tract stones in 27 of 34 patients who had undergone both IVU and CTU. We diagnosed ureteritis in 1, transitional cell carcinoma in 5 and acute pyelonephritis in 1 of the remaining 7 patients. The urinary stones were detected in fifteen patients on both IVU and CTU (15/27, 55.6%). We detected the urinary stones on CTU, but not IVU, in twelve patients (12/27, 44.5%). The sensitivity to detect the urinary stones was 100% (27/27) on CTU and 55.6% (12/27) on IVU respectively. The specificity was 100% (7/7) on IVU and CTU, respectively. The positive predictive value was 100% (15/15) on IVU and 100% (27/27) on CTU, respectively. The negative predictive value was 36.8% (7/19) on IVU and 100% (7/7) on CTU. Precontrast CTU demonstrated the urinary stones in all 27 patients (100%, 27/27). On the other hands, urinary stones were detected in 19 patients (19/27, 70.4%) and 8 patients (8/27, 29.6%) at 2 and 5 minutes on CTU, respectively. CONCLUSION: CTU is superior to IVU to diagnose the causes of hematuria such as urinary tract stone or extrarenal lesion. Precontrast CTU is the most useful modality for the detection of the urinary tract stone of the other enhanced CTUs.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Consensus ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Hand ; Hematuria* ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Pyelonephritis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi ; Urography*

PURPOSE: The definition of continence after radical prostatectomy has not been established. We examined the continence rate and changes in voiding and storage symptoms after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(LRP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven patients were enrolled and followed for more than 12 months after a LRP. Postoperative evaluation of urinary incontinence was performed by interview, and was classified as completely dry, intermittent(occasional dribbling only), using only 1 pad/day, using more than 1 pad/day, and no control. Pre- and post-operative International Prostate Symptom Scores(IPSS) were compared(Total, each criterion, and quality of life, voiding, and storage symptom subscores). RESULTS: Sixty seven percent of patients were completely dry and 17% of patients were classified as intermittent. Those using 1 pad/day, more than 1 pad/day, or no control accounted for 2%, 9%, and 5%, respectively. Pre- and post-operative total IPSS and quality of life scores were not different, but urgency and nocturia scores increased(p<0.05). The voiding subscore decreased and the storage subscore increased after LRP(p<0.05), suggesting aggravation of storage symptoms after LRP. CONCLUSIONS: We need to determine which definition of continence is most clinically useful. It is important to assess lower urinary tract symptoms, especially storage symptoms, as well as urinary incontinence after LRP.
Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Nocturia ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy ; Quality of Life ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urinary Tract

No abstract available.
Bile* ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen* ; Gallbladder* ; Mesenteric Veins*