The narrow bony cochlear nerve canal in high resolution temporal bone computed tomography is frequently found in patients of congenital sensorineural hearing loss. But this bony structural anomaly could not conclude the functional outcome of cochlear nerve. Here, we present a case of a 14-month-old girl having bilateral narrow bony cochlear nerve canals. In magnetic resonance imaging, both the cochlear nerves were identified to be intact. Moreover, acoustic brainstem response threshold and auditory steady state response revealed nearly normal hearing thresholds. Therefore, we suggest that the narrow bony cochlear nerve canal itself does not necessarily indicate a substantial degree of hearing loss.
Acoustics ; Brain Stem ; Cochlear Nerve ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Temporal Bone

The narrow bony cochlear nerve canal in high resolution temporal bone computed tomography is frequently found in patients of congenital sensorineural hearing loss. But this bony structural anomaly could not conclude the functional outcome of cochlear nerve. Here, we present a case of a 14-month-old girl having bilateral narrow bony cochlear nerve canals. In magnetic resonance imaging, both the cochlear nerves were identified to be intact. Moreover, acoustic brainstem response threshold and auditory steady state response revealed nearly normal hearing thresholds. Therefore, we suggest that the narrow bony cochlear nerve canal itself does not necessarily indicate a substantial degree of hearing loss.
Acoustics ; Brain Stem ; Cochlear Nerve ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Temporal Bone

Spasticity is a wide variety of motor problems to connote difficulty with coordinated movements, involuntary spasma, rigidity. Abnormal primitive reflexes and hyperactive reflexes. Electrophysiologically, spasticity is represented as the involuntary firing of motor units on a reflex basis at a polysynaptic spinal cord level, associated with interruption of descending cortical pathways. Although many procedures have been tried over the years to combat this spasticity, and the multitude of procedures indicates that none are entirely satisfactory, the reduction in spasticity produced by dentatotomy has been confirmed in many neurological centers. The F-wave is a late response recorded in the electromyography of a muscle following stimulation of its nerve supply. There is evidence that the size of the F-wave is dependent on motor neuron excitability. If such a relationship exists, procedures which are carried out to relieve motor neuron excitability might be expected to change F-wave size and it might therefore be possible to use the F-wave as an objective monitor during stereotactic dentatotomy. We have investigated this possiblity in 10 cats, weighing 2.8 to 3.7kg each. The size of F-wave Amplitude in experimental animals were devided into 2 groups, normal control group values(10 cats, before dentatotomy) and the dentatotomy group values(10 cats after dentatotomy). The F-wave size and F/M ratio were recorded from right tibialis anterior muscle after application of supramaximal stimulation(250 V. 100 mA. 2 Hz. 10 times) on the right peroneal nerve. The results were as follows: 1) The size of M-wave amplitude did not change significantly in experimental models(before dentatotomy, 2805.5+/-1012.3 microV;dentatotomy group, 2555.5+/-725.9 microV, P>0.05). 2) The individual size of F-wave showed a wide variability from each stimulus, which emphasizes the importance of using 0 stimulating responses. The mean value of F-wave amplitude before dentatotomy was 436.5+/-113.2microV. 3) The size of F-wave amplitude was significantly reduced after dentatotomy(before dentatotomy, 436.5+/-113.2microV;after dantatotomy: 212.5+/-49.3microV, P<0.05). The size of F-wave amplitude decreased about 48.6% after dentatotomy. 4) The F/M ratio also significantly reduced after dentatotomy(before dentatotomy, 17.1+/-6.6%;after dentatotomy, 8.5+/-1.2%, P<0.05) and mean reduction was 49.7%. The results demonstrated that the dentatotomy markedly decreased the size of F-wave amplitude in experimental cats and indicated that the monitoring of F-wave amplitude during dentatotomy might be useful as an objective monitor for the relief of spasticity.
Animals ; Cats* ; Dyskinesias ; Electromyography ; Fires ; Motor Neurons ; Muscle Spasticity ; Peroneal Nerve ; Reflex ; Spinal Cord

Intraspinal lipomas are rare, benign neoplasms, comprising less than 1% of all intradural spinal tumors. Such tumors occur in the thoracic and cervical region, however, extension into the posterior fossa is most unusual. A case of large cervical intradural spinal liplma with extension into the posterior fossa in adult female is presented. Clinical feature was slowly progressing quadriparesis. Brain and cervical spine computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis and Magnetic resonance imaging was very useful for delineation of the anatomy of the lipoma as an aid in planning the operation. Operative therapy consisted of combined suboccipital craniectomy, spinal laminotomy and laminoplasty, subtotal tumor decompression.
Adult ; Brain ; Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Lipoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Quadriplegia ; Spine

Interference with visual pathways is usually not caused by intracranial aneurysms. Aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery rarely produce visual symptoms and signs in spite of their proximity to the visual pathways. The reason may be that these aneurysms rupture and present with subarachnoid hemorrhage before becoming large enough to exert significant pressure on the chiasm or optic nerves. The visual symptoms would be presented as visual field defect or impaired vision. These can be explained as the result of direct compression of the optic pathways, ischemic changes in the visual pathways caused by severe vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, or intraocular pathology such as retinal hemorrhage. 2 cases of anterior communicating artery aneurysms associated with visual symptoms are presented with a brief review of literatures.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Optic Nerve ; Pathology ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Rupture ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Visual Fields ; Visual Pathways

OBJECTIVETo summarize and critically evaluate the evidence for and against the effectiveness of Eastern-Western integrative medicine (EWIM) for health care compared to Eastern medicine (EM) or Western medicine (WM) alone.

METHODSSystematic searches were conducted on five Korean medical databases. Manual searches were also conducted through nine major Korean medical journals. Prospective randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included if EWIM was tested for any type of conditions compared to EM or WM.

RESULTSThere were one hundred forty-one possibly relevant studies were identified, and seven RCTs were included. The risk of bias was high in most studies. The EWIM methods were compared with EM or WM in patients with pain conditions in four studies. These studies showed favorable effects of EWIM on pain reduction in patients with shoulder pain and chronic headache compared with EM, while the other RCTs failed to do so in traffic injury patients. Two studies tested EWIM in patients with Bell's palsy compared with EM and found acute functional improvement. An RCT comparing EWIM with WM in patients with acne showed a significant difference.

CONCLUSIONThe results of our systematic review suggest that there is limited evidence for the superiority of EWIM over EM or WM in the treatment of pain and acute symptom improvement in patients with Bell's palsy. The evidence from our analysis was limited from the low number of RCTs included and the high risk of bias. Future RCTs appear to be warranted.

Delivery of Health Care ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; statistics & numerical data ; Publication Bias ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; statistics & numerical data ; Republic of Korea ; Treatment Outcome

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of retaining holes on the denture base, as well as primer application, on the shear bond strength of denture base resin to the denture base. Using Trubyte Biotone artificial teeth, we selected a maxillary first molar and prepared a total of 80 teeth. Each prepared tooth was polished flat using a dental bar. The polished specimens were placed in the center of a silicon mold (diameter 30 mm, height 23 mm) and were embedded with clear acrylic resin (Ortho Jet, Lang Dental, USA). Forty specimens were shaped, using Fisher bar # 701 at the central part of the alveolar surface, to form retention holes. Each denture base resin was transferred to the resin after surface treatment, as instructed by the manufacturer. The highest shear bond strength (36.2 MPa) was achieved by heat-polymerized resin, when the retention hole and the primer were applied to the artificial tooth. The lowest shear bond strength (11.8 MPa) was achieved by auto-polymerized resin, when the primer was applied to the artificial tooth. The combination of heat-polymerized resin and artificial tooth resulted in a complex fracture pattern, whereas auto-polymerized resin and artificial tooth showed an adhesive fracture pattern.
Adhesives ; Denture Bases ; Dentures ; Fungi ; Molar ; Silicon ; Tooth ; Tooth, Artificial

This study evaluated the influence of application time of self-etching primers on microtensile bond strength (microTBS) to dentin using three self-etching primer adhesive systems. Dentin surfaces were exposed from forty-eight human molars. They were conditioned with three self-etching primers (Clearfil SE Bond [SE], Unifil Bond [UF], Tyrian SPE + One Step Plus [TY]) and different primining times (10s, 20s, 30s and 40s). Composite resins were bonded to dentin surfaces and specimens were made. microTBS was tested and statistically compared using by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's Test The results of this study presented that priming time for 10s in SE and UF groups and for 30s and 40s in TY group was highly decreased microTBS to dentin.
Adhesives ; Composite Resins ; Dentin* ; Humans ; Molar

This study evaluated the marginal microleakage of five single step adhesives. Class V cavity preparations with occlusal margins in enamel and gingival margins in dentin were prepared on both buccal and lingual surfaces of extracted human molar teeth. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into five groups and restored using one of the single step adhesives and composite resins: Prompt L-Pop/Filtek Z-250 (Group 1), AQ Bond/Metafil CX (Group 2), One-Up Bond F/Palfique Toughwell (Group 3), Futurabond/Admira (Group 4), Xeno III/Spectrum TPH (Group 5). The restored teeth were thermocycled. Microleakage was assessed by dye penetration using 2% methylene blue dye solution. The teeth were bisected buccolingually and evaluated for microleakage under steromicroscope. The data were statistically analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney tests. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Microleakage of enamel margins in group 3 was statistically higher than that in groups 1, 2, 4, 5 (p < 0.05). 2. Microleakage of dentin margins in group 1 was statistically higher than that in groups 2, 5, and that in group 3 was statistically higher than that in groups 2, 4, 5 (p < 0.05). 3. Dentin marginal microleakage was higher than enamel marginal microleakage in all experimental groups. In conclusion, Prompt L-Pop showed the least leakage at enamel margin, and AQ Bond showed at dentin margin in this study. Marginal miroleakage in dentin was higher than that in enamel.
Adhesives* ; Composite Resins ; Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Humans ; Methylene Blue ; Molar ; Tooth

This study investigated that the effect of rewetting agent on dentinal microtensile bond strength (microTBS). Human molars were sectioned to expose the superficial dentin surfaces. Samples were divided into two groups according to type of adhesives-Single Bond (S) and One-Step (O)], and again subdivided into five groups by different dentin surface treatment-dry for 15s (D), blot dry (BD) or dry for 15s, and rewet with different rewetting agents [distilled water (DW), Gluma Desensitizer (GD) and Aqua-Prep (AP)] for 30s. After application of adhesive, composite resin was built up on the bonding surface. Each tooth was sectioned to obtain stick with 1 mm2 cross sectional area and the microTBS was determined by EZ test. In the S group, the mean microTBS of GD, AP and BD group was significantly higher than that of DW and D group (p < 0.05). In the O group, the mean microTBS of AP, GD, BD and DW group was significantly higher than that of D group (p < 0.05). The data suggested that Gluma Desensitizer and Aqua-Prep could be successfully used as rewetting agents, and Distilled water could be acceptable in aceton based adhesive system only.
Adhesives ; Dentin* ; Humans ; Molar ; Tooth ; Water