Orthodontic tooth movement is closely related to the stress on the periodontal tissue. In this research the finite element method was used to observe the stress distribution and to find the best condition for effective tooth movement in the case of unilateral molar expansion. The author constructed the model of lower dental arch of average Korean adult and used .032" x .032" x 60mm TMA wire. The wire was deflected in the horizontal and vertical direction to give the 16 conditions. The following results were obtained; 1. When the moment and force were controlled properly the movement of anchor tooth was minimized and the movement of moving tooth was maximized. 2. As the initial horizontal deflection increased the buccal displacement of both teeth was also increased. As the initial vertical deflection increased the lingual movement of anchor tooth and the buccal movement of moving tooth increased. 3. When the initial horizontal and vertical deflection rate was 1.5 the effective movement of moving tooth was observed with minimal displacement of anchor tooth.
Adult ; Dental Arch ; Humans ; Molar* ; Tooth ; Tooth Movement

Extra-capsular synovial chondroma is a rare condition in which metaplastic cartilaginous mass is formed by the cartilage nodule within the synovial connective tissue break through the joint capsule and continue to proliferate. The authors have experienced a case of giant extracapsular synovial chondroma, affecting the knee joint of 54 years old woman. A case of giant extra-capsular synovial chondroma is reported with brief review of literature.
Cartilage ; Chondroma ; Connective Tissue ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Capsule ; Knee Joint ; Knee

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Some patients who have undergone tonsillectomy complain of voice change, but few studies for the mechanism of voice change were found. To solve this problem, study of voice change after tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy was done. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed voice change of 22 patients who underwent tonsillectomy and 15 patients who underwent adenotonsillectomy at CSL (computerized speech laboratory), St. Benedict Hospital. With the measured cross sectional area of vocal tract and its length from the glottis on MR images, we presented the change of cross sectional area schematically after tonsillectomy. RESULTS: Acoustically, the frequencies of the second formant of /e/ and /i/ increased and that of the first formant of /u/ decreased significantly after tonsillectomy and the frequency of the second formant of /o/ and those of the second and third formants of /i/ and /u/ increased significantly after adenotonsillectomy. It was also showed acoustically that the formant bandwidths of /a/ and /hana/ after tonsillectomy and those of /e/ and /hana/ after adenotonsillectomy increased due to nasalization. Anatomically, it was showed that the cross sectional area of oropharyngeal cavity increased and coupling effect of vocal tract happened after tonsillectomy. CONCLUSION: This study showed that acoustic characteristics and vocal tract shapes of the patients did change following tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy. It is imperative that we explain to patients about the postoperative voice change. Research should also be done to find ways to induce better voice changes following the operations.
Acoustics* ; Glottis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Tonsillectomy* ; Voice*

PURPOSE: There are gaps between the treatment guideline and clinical practice of osteoporosis showing low compliance. Although attitude and knowledge of prescriber have been known to be associated with the low compliance in real clinical practice, no study has assessed the knowledge of prescriber regarding osteoporosis in accordance to the level of medical institution. We compared the knowledge on osteoporosis of general practitioners with that of practitioners in a tertiary referral hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In May 2012, 40 general practitioners and 40 practitioners in a tertiary referral hospital were evaluated using a modified Facts on Osteoporosis Quiz. RESULTS: The level of knowledge of general practitioners was similar with that of practitioners in a tertiary referral hospital (p=0.386). And, both groups were lack of knowledge of effect of physical exercise. CONCLUSION: The level of knowledge on osteoporosis was not associated with the level of medical institute, and the effect of physical exercise should be stressed in an educational program on osteoporosis for practitioners.
Adult ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Exercise ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Osteoporosis ; Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Hemiarthroplasty is a common operation to treat femoral neck fracture in elderly patients. The choice of whether to use cemented stem or cementless stem in hemiarthroplasty has been controversial in clinical practice. However, recent trends regarding stem choice in South Korea are not known or documented. In this study, we assessed the trends of stem fixation in hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures in South Korea. METHODS: Data of patients with femoral neck fractures, who were operated on between the years of 2007 and 2011 and were > or = 50 years old at the time of operation, were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. All new visits or admissions to clinics or hospitals for femoral neck fractures were identified using the International Classification of Disease Tenth Revision diagnostic code (S720). The trends in the utilization of cemented and cementless hemiarthroplasty were then analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of cementless hemiarthroplasty increased from 42.7% of all surgical procedures in 2007 to 61.4% of all surgical procedures in 2011 (p < 0.001), while the use of cemented hemiarthroplasty demonstrated a corresponding decrease. CONCLUSIONS: There was a current trends towards using cementless stems in hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures in South Korea.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Cements ; Cementation/*trends ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures/*surgery ; *Hemiarthroplasty/methods/trends ; Hip Prosthesis/*trends/utilization ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology

Chios gum mastic (CGM) is produced from Pistiacia lentiscus L var chia, which grows only on Chios Island in Greece. CGM is a kind of resin extracted from the stem and leaves, has been used for many centuries in many Mediterranean countries as a dietary supplement and folk medicine for stomach and duodenal ulcers. CGM is known to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in some cancer cells. This study was undertaken to investigate the alteration of the cell cycle and induction of apoptosis following CGM treatment of HL-60 cells. The viability of the HL-60 cells was assessed using the MTT assay. Hoechst staining and DNA electrophoresis were employed to detect HL-60 cells undergoing apoptosis. Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, confocal microscopy, FACScan flow cytometry, MMP activity and proteasome activity analyses were also employed. CGM treatment of HL-60 cells was found to result in a dose- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability and apoptotic cell death. Tested HL-60 cells showed a variety of apoptotic manifestations and induced the downregulation of G1 cell cycle-related proteins. Taken collectively, our present findings demonstrate that CGM strongly induces G1 cell cycle arrest via the modulation of cell cycle-related proteins, and also apoptosis via proteasome, mitochondrial and caspase cascades in HL-60 cells. Hence, we provide evidence that a natural product, CGM could be considered as a novel therapeutic for human leukemia.
Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Death ; Cell Survival ; Dietary Supplements ; DNA ; Down-Regulation ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Electrophoresis ; Flow Cytometry ; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Gingiva ; Greece ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leukemia ; Medicine, Traditional ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proteins ; Resins, Plant ; Stomach

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of bisphosphonates for osteoporotic fracture has been consistently reported in recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling hundreds of patients. The objective of this study was to update knowledge on the efficacy of available bisphosphonates in the prevention of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. METHODS: An approach “using systematic reviews” on PubMed and Cochrane Library was taken. Twenty-four RCTs investigating the effects of bisphosphonates for the prevention of osteoporotic fracture were included in final analysis. A pairwise meta-analysis was conducted with a random effects model. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the type of bisphosphonate. RESULTS: The use of bisphosphonate decrease the risk of overall osteoporotic fracture (odds ratio [OR] 0.62; P<0.001), vertebral fracture (OR 0.55; P<0.001) and non-vertebral fracture (OR 0.73; P<0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that zoledronic acid showed the lowest risk reduction (OR 0.61; P<0.001) for overall osteoporotic fractures but no significance was observed for etidronate (OR 0.34; P=0.127). CONCLUSIONS: This update meta-analysis re-confirmed that bisphosphonate use can effectively reduce the risk of osteoporotic fracture. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding etidronate for the prevention of osteoporotic fracture.
Diphosphonates* ; Etidronic Acid ; Humans ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporotic Fractures* ; Risk Reduction Behavior

Intramedullary nailing has been reported to have better outcome compared with traditional plate fixation in surgical treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. We evaluated the trends of surgical treatment of intertrochanteric fracture in Korea. Data of patients with intertrochanteric fractures, who were operated between the years of 2006 and 2011, was obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The ratio of intramedullary nailing increased from 27.9% in 2006 to 64.3% in 2011 (P < 0.001), while the ratio of plate fixation decreased. During recent 5 yr, the utilization of intramedullary nailing doubled in clinical practice of intertrochanteric fractures in Korea.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cohort Studies ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/*trends ; Hip Fractures/*surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea

Although many studies have assessed mortality and morbidity of conservative treatment after hip fracture in elderly patients, the mortality of conservative treatment done because of economic burden is unclear. Among 451 patients diagnosed with displaced hip fracture during 3 yr, 28 patients (Group I) were enrolled as conservative treatment. Fifty-six patients matched in age, gender, ASA score, and diagnosis (Group II) who had undergone surgical treatment were used as the control group. The causal factors of non-operative treatment and mortality rate and functional recovery were evaluated according to the causal factors of patients with surgical procedure. Ten patients (36%) in Group I involved medical problems and 18 (64%) by economic burdens. The cumulative mortality rate over 3, 6, 12, and 24 months was 54%, 61%, 64%, and 82% in Group I and 9%, 11%, 14%, and 21% in Group II, respectively. At the latest follow-up, all five patients in Group I displayed a nonfunctional ambulatory state, whereas only seven of 44 patients in Group II were in a nonfunctional ambulatory state. Non-surgical treatment following hip fracture that is done because of the economic burden is associated with substantially high mortality and serious functional loss.
Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Fractures/diagnosis/mortality/*surgery ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Prognosis ; Recovery of Function ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sex Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors

BACKGROUND: Patency of the infarct-related coronary artery may influence LV remodeling, provide a more stable electrophysiologic milieu and improves the outcome of patient with acute myocardioal infarction. The result from clinical trials have confirmed that early reperfusion in humans induced by a thrombolytic agent is associated with limitation of infarct size, preservation of ventricular function, and improved survival. The purpose of this study was evaluate the effect of thrombolytic therapy on the severity of the residual stenosis, antegrade flow of infarct-related coronary artery after acute myocardial infarction, and investigate left ventricular function and regianal wall motion abnormality depending on the thrombolytic therapy. METHODS: A retrosperctive study was performed in 166 patients with acute myocardial infarction with underwent coronary angiography within 8 days after acute attack from Oct. 1990 to Sep. 1994. Patients were grouped as thrombolysis group(n=64) who had undertaken urokinase infusion therapy within 6 hours of symptom onset and conservatively treated group(n=102) who had not received thrombolytic trerapy. At 8+/-7days, cardiac catheterization was performed. Status of the infarct related artery was assessed by resiudal % diameter stenosis, TIMI and collateral trading. Left ventricular function and wall motion were analyzed. RESULTS: 1) The was no statistical differenccs in age, sex and risk factors(diabetes, hypertension, smoking and hypercholesterolemia)between two groups. 2) The peak serum CK level was higher(2719+/-2333 vs 1951+/-2064 IU/L) and time to peak CK enzyme level was shorter(19+/-13 vs 32+/-24 hr) in thrombolysis group than conservatively treated group. 3) There was lower incidence of total occlusion(12.5% vs 30.4%), residual % diameter stenosis of infarct-related artery(67+/-34% vs 80+/-27%) and better antegrade flow(TIMI grade 0-1, 12.5% vs 32.4%) in thrombolysis group than conservatively treated group(p<0.05). 4) There were no statistical differences of ejection fraction(51+/-15 vs 51+/-14%). left ventricular end diastolic pressure(21+/-10 vs 21+/-16mmHg) and regional wall motion score(8.6+/-3.4 vs 9.1+/-3.1) between thrombolysis group and conservatively treated group(p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction resulted in dquisition of early infarct-related arterial patency, effectiove antegrade flow and reduced incidence of totoal occlusion of infarct-related artery. Left ventricular ejection fraciton, regional wall motion score was not affected by thrombolytioc therapy in inhospital period.
Arteries ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Reperfusion ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ; Ventricular Function ; Ventricular Function, Left*