PURPOSE: Obesity is related to systemic inflammatory processes causing cardiovascular complications. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), CD40 ligand (CD40L), P-selectin are newly described mediators of inflammation and have a significant effect in atherosclerosis. Adiponectin has shown anti-inflammatory effects in adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adiponectin and inflammatory mediators in children and adolescents. METHODS: Fifty children or adolescents, twenty two with a body mass index (BMI) over 95th percentile, and twenty eight with a BMI below 75th percentile were included in the study. Serum soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1), P-selectin, CD40L, lipid profiles, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose and insulin were measured to evaluate associations with adiponectin. Comparison of these variables was performed between the obese and the nonobese group. RESULTS: We found a adiponectin to be significant lower and sICAM-1 significant higher in the obese group compared to the nonobese group, but there were no significant differences in P-selectin and soluble CD40L. Adiponectin was negatively associated with ICAM-1 and P-selectin in the obese group. CONCLUSION: Negative associations of adiponectin with ICAM-1 and P-selectin in obese children and adolescents suggest that serum adiponectin level may represent the inflammatory status.
Adiponectin* ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Atherosclerosis ; Body Mass Index ; CD40 Ligand ; Child ; Cytokines* ; Glucose ; Humans ; Inflammation Mediators ; Insulin ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Obesity ; P-Selectin

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Scrotum* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: We studied the changes in subtypes of diabetes mellitus (DM) in children and evaluated the characteristics of each group over the past 20 years. In addition, we also examined the correlation between the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values at the time of diagnosis and lipid profiles. METHODS: The patients were divided into 2 groups: there were a total of 190 patients under 20 years of age firstly diagnosed with DM in Ajou University Hospital. The patients in groups I and II were diagnosed from September 1995 to December 2004 and from January 2005 to April 2014, respectively. RESULTS: The characteristics were compared between the 2 groups of patients. The result showed an increase in percentage of type 2 diabetes and maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) patients between the 2 groups. HbA1c and total cholesterol level had statistical significances to explain increasing the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level among age, HbA1c, total cholesterol level, and z-scores of weight and body mass index (BMI) in type 2 diabetes. R-square was 0.074. However, z-score of BMI and total cholesterol level, not HbA1c, had statistical significances in type 1 diabetic patients. R-square was 0.323. CONCLUSION: The increase in the proportions of both type 2 diabetes and MODY in the last 10 years needed to be reminded when diagnosing the subtypes of DM, and the dyslipidemia should be attended more as a common problem of pediatric diabetic patients.
Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diagnosis ; Dyslipidemias ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Lipoproteins

PURPOSE: We studied the changes in subtypes of diabetes mellitus (DM) in children and evaluated the characteristics of each group over the past 20 years. In addition, we also examined the correlation between the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values at the time of diagnosis and lipid profiles. METHODS: The patients were divided into 2 groups: there were a total of 190 patients under 20 years of age firstly diagnosed with DM in Ajou University Hospital. The patients in groups I and II were diagnosed from September 1995 to December 2004 and from January 2005 to April 2014, respectively. RESULTS: The characteristics were compared between the 2 groups of patients. The result showed an increase in percentage of type 2 diabetes and maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) patients between the 2 groups. HbA1c and total cholesterol level had statistical significances to explain increasing the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level among age, HbA1c, total cholesterol level, and z-scores of weight and body mass index (BMI) in type 2 diabetes. R-square was 0.074. However, z-score of BMI and total cholesterol level, not HbA1c, had statistical significances in type 1 diabetic patients. R-square was 0.323. CONCLUSION: The increase in the proportions of both type 2 diabetes and MODY in the last 10 years needed to be reminded when diagnosing the subtypes of DM, and the dyslipidemia should be attended more as a common problem of pediatric diabetic patients.
Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diagnosis ; Dyslipidemias ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Lipoproteins

Lichen nitidus (LN) is an uncommon, usually asymptomatic cutaneous eruption characterized by the presence of multiple, small, flesh-colored papules. The epidemiologic and pathophysiologic characteristics of LN have not yet been defined. Furthermore, LN has rarely been described in association with other cutaneous diseases. We herein report 3 cases of LN associated with various cutaneous diseases, including lichen striatus, oral lichen planus, and psoriasis vulgaris.
Lichen Nitidus* ; Lichen Planus ; Lichen Planus, Oral ; Lichens ; Mouth ; Psoriasis

PURPOSE: We evaluated the effects of the timing of treatment initiation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) on the change in predicted adult height (PAH) in girls with idiopathic true precocious puberty (TPP). METHODS: Data for this retrospective study were collected on 104 girls with TPP who were treated with GnRHa for 36 months, between January 2002 and March 2012. RESULTS: The PAH SDS differed before and after treatment in all patients (-1.91 +/- 1.47 vs. -1.37 +/- 1.17 after 1 year of treatment, -1.96 +/- 1.58 vs. -0.48 +/- 1.11 after 3 years of treatment) as well as in Group 1 (-2.15 +/- 1.54 vs. -1.51 +/- 1.20 after 1 year of treatment, -2.09 +/- 1.59 vs. -0.55 +/- 1.19 after 3 years of treatment) and Group 2 (-1.57 +/- 1.34 vs. -1.17 +/- 1.12 after 1 year of treatment, -1.50 +/- 1.55 vs. -0.21 +/- 0.74 after 3 years of treatment). This result could be due to improvement in bone age advancement during the treatment. The difference between mid-parental height SDS and PAH SDS was decreased after GnRHa treatment. However, the means of PAH SDS did not surpass the mid-parental height SDS. CONCLUSION: GnRHa treatment can preserve growth potential by slowing bone age progression, resulting in short adult height, but it cannot alter the genetic growth potential.
Adult ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Puberty, Precocious ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: We evaluated the effects of the timing of treatment initiation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) on the change in predicted adult height (PAH) in girls with idiopathic true precocious puberty (TPP). METHODS: Data for this retrospective study were collected on 104 girls with TPP who were treated with GnRHa for 36 months, between January 2002 and March 2012. RESULTS: The PAH SDS differed before and after treatment in all patients (-1.91 +/- 1.47 vs. -1.37 +/- 1.17 after 1 year of treatment, -1.96 +/- 1.58 vs. -0.48 +/- 1.11 after 3 years of treatment) as well as in Group 1 (-2.15 +/- 1.54 vs. -1.51 +/- 1.20 after 1 year of treatment, -2.09 +/- 1.59 vs. -0.55 +/- 1.19 after 3 years of treatment) and Group 2 (-1.57 +/- 1.34 vs. -1.17 +/- 1.12 after 1 year of treatment, -1.50 +/- 1.55 vs. -0.21 +/- 0.74 after 3 years of treatment). This result could be due to improvement in bone age advancement during the treatment. The difference between mid-parental height SDS and PAH SDS was decreased after GnRHa treatment. However, the means of PAH SDS did not surpass the mid-parental height SDS. CONCLUSION: GnRHa treatment can preserve growth potential by slowing bone age progression, resulting in short adult height, but it cannot alter the genetic growth potential.
Adult ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Puberty, Precocious ; Retrospective Studies

The explosive development of genomics technologies including microarrays and next generation sequencing (NGS) has provided comprehensive maps of cancer genomes, including the expression of mRNAs and microRNAs, DNA copy numbers, sequence variations, and epigenetic changes. These genome-wide profiles of the genetic aberrations could reveal the candidates for diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers as well as mechanistic insights into tumor development and progression. Recent efforts to establish the huge cancer genome compendium and integrative omics analyses, so-called "integromics", have extended our understanding on the cancer genome, showing its daunting complexity and heterogeneity. However, the challenges of the structured integration, sharing, and interpretation of the big omics data still remain to be resolved. Here, we review several issues raised in cancer omics data analysis, including NGS, focusing particularly on the study design and analysis strategies. This might be helpful to understand the current trends and strategies of the rapidly evolving cancer genomics research.
Coat Protein Complex I ; DNA ; Epigenomics ; Genome ; Genomics ; MicroRNAs ; Population Characteristics ; Research Design ; RNA, Messenger ; Statistics as Topic ; Biomarkers

The explosive development of genomics technologies including microarrays and next generation sequencing (NGS) has provided comprehensive maps of cancer genomes, including the expression of mRNAs and microRNAs, DNA copy numbers, sequence variations, and epigenetic changes. These genome-wide profiles of the genetic aberrations could reveal the candidates for diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers as well as mechanistic insights into tumor development and progression. Recent efforts to establish the huge cancer genome compendium and integrative omics analyses, so-called "integromics", have extended our understanding on the cancer genome, showing its daunting complexity and heterogeneity. However, the challenges of the structured integration, sharing, and interpretation of the big omics data still remain to be resolved. Here, we review several issues raised in cancer omics data analysis, including NGS, focusing particularly on the study design and analysis strategies. This might be helpful to understand the current trends and strategies of the rapidly evolving cancer genomics research.
Coat Protein Complex I ; DNA ; Epigenomics ; Genome ; Genomics ; MicroRNAs ; Population Characteristics ; Research Design ; RNA, Messenger ; Statistics as Topic ; Biomarkers

Neonatal hypocalcemia and congenital heart defects has been known as the first clinical manifestation of the chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). However, because of its wide clinical spectrum, diagnosis of 22q11DS can be delayed in children without classic symptoms. We report the case of a girl with the history of imperforate anus but without neonatal hypocalcemia or major cardiac anomaly, who was diagnosed for 22q11DS at the age of 11 after the onset of overt hypocalcemia. She was born uneventfully from phenotypically normal Korean parents. Imperforate anus and partial cleft palate were found at birth, which were surgically repaired thereafter. There was no history of neonatal hypocalcemia, and karyotyping by GTG banding was normal. At the age of 11, hypocalcemia (serum calcium, 5.0 mg/dL) and decreased parathyroid hormone level (10.8 pg/mL) was noted when she visited our Emergency Department for fever and vomiting. The 22q11DS was suspected because of her mild mental retardation and velopharyngeal insufficiency, and a microdeletion on chromosome 22q11.2 was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The 22q11DS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypocalcemia at any age because of its wide clinical spectrum.
22q11 Deletion Syndrome* ; Anal Canal* ; Anus, Imperforate ; Calcium ; Child* ; Cleft Palate ; Delayed Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; DiGeorge Syndrome ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female* ; Fever ; Fluorescence ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia* ; Hypoparathyroidism ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intellectual Disability ; Karyotyping ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Parents ; Parturition ; Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ; Vomiting