Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin, developed in 1994, and is well known for its adverse effects. In 2002, the Food and Drug Administration adjusted the labeling to account for increased risk of seizures, encephalopathy and myoclonus, especially in the setting of renal impairment. Here we present a case of an 86-year-old female, undergoing Cefepime treatment, with encephalopathy mimicking acute stroke.
Aged, 80 and over ; Brain Diseases ; Female ; Humans ; Myoclonus ; Seizures ; Stroke ; United States Food and Drug Administration

Background: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare and a rapidly progressive, invariably fatal neurodegenerative disorder believed to be caused by an abnormal isoform of a cellular glycoprotein known as the prion protein. The disease develops in very different ways, such as sporadic, genetic, and iatrogenic. We aim to identify the incidence of CJD genotypes registered in the statutory infectious disease surveillance system from 2017 to 2023 and analyze the types and characteristics of domestic pathogenic CJD genotypes to serve as a basis for preventing transmission. Methods: We analyzed the characteristics of hereditary CDJ among subjects reported through the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's statutory infectious disease surveillance system from 2017 to 2023. Results: In total, six pathogenic genotypes were identified in Korean patients, with P102L belonging to Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome being the most common (16, 30.2%), followed by V180I (13, 24.5%), M232R (10, 18.9%), and E200K (seven, 18.9%), which are highly prevalent in Asia, and D178N (six, 11.3%) and V203I (one, 1.9%), which belong to fatal familial insomnia. Conclusions The significance of this study lies in the identification of P102L as the predominant genotype observed among individuals in their 30s and 40s in Korea. Moreover, it highlights that the occurrence of visual symptoms at an early stage is more prevalent in this age group compared to individuals over 50. Therefore, if a young individual reports a subjective decline in visual acuity not adequately accounted for by structural abnormalities of the eye, it becomes imperative to confirm the presence of CJD before undergoing ophthalmic procedures (such as corneal or retinal surgery), as these procedures involve high-risk organs for CJD transmission.

Background: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare and a rapidly progressive, invariably fatal neurodegenerative disorder believed to be caused by an abnormal isoform of a cellular glycoprotein known as the prion protein. The disease develops in very different ways, such as sporadic, genetic, and iatrogenic. We aim to identify the incidence of CJD genotypes registered in the statutory infectious disease surveillance system from 2017 to 2023 and analyze the types and characteristics of domestic pathogenic CJD genotypes to serve as a basis for preventing transmission. Methods: We analyzed the characteristics of hereditary CDJ among subjects reported through the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's statutory infectious disease surveillance system from 2017 to 2023. Results: In total, six pathogenic genotypes were identified in Korean patients, with P102L belonging to Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome being the most common (16, 30.2%), followed by V180I (13, 24.5%), M232R (10, 18.9%), and E200K (seven, 18.9%), which are highly prevalent in Asia, and D178N (six, 11.3%) and V203I (one, 1.9%), which belong to fatal familial insomnia. Conclusions The significance of this study lies in the identification of P102L as the predominant genotype observed among individuals in their 30s and 40s in Korea. Moreover, it highlights that the occurrence of visual symptoms at an early stage is more prevalent in this age group compared to individuals over 50. Therefore, if a young individual reports a subjective decline in visual acuity not adequately accounted for by structural abnormalities of the eye, it becomes imperative to confirm the presence of CJD before undergoing ophthalmic procedures (such as corneal or retinal surgery), as these procedures involve high-risk organs for CJD transmission.

Background: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare and a rapidly progressive, invariably fatal neurodegenerative disorder believed to be caused by an abnormal isoform of a cellular glycoprotein known as the prion protein. The disease develops in very different ways, such as sporadic, genetic, and iatrogenic. We aim to identify the incidence of CJD genotypes registered in the statutory infectious disease surveillance system from 2017 to 2023 and analyze the types and characteristics of domestic pathogenic CJD genotypes to serve as a basis for preventing transmission. Methods: We analyzed the characteristics of hereditary CDJ among subjects reported through the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's statutory infectious disease surveillance system from 2017 to 2023. Results: In total, six pathogenic genotypes were identified in Korean patients, with P102L belonging to Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome being the most common (16, 30.2%), followed by V180I (13, 24.5%), M232R (10, 18.9%), and E200K (seven, 18.9%), which are highly prevalent in Asia, and D178N (six, 11.3%) and V203I (one, 1.9%), which belong to fatal familial insomnia. Conclusions The significance of this study lies in the identification of P102L as the predominant genotype observed among individuals in their 30s and 40s in Korea. Moreover, it highlights that the occurrence of visual symptoms at an early stage is more prevalent in this age group compared to individuals over 50. Therefore, if a young individual reports a subjective decline in visual acuity not adequately accounted for by structural abnormalities of the eye, it becomes imperative to confirm the presence of CJD before undergoing ophthalmic procedures (such as corneal or retinal surgery), as these procedures involve high-risk organs for CJD transmission.

The comparative analysis of the human and primate genomes including the chimpanzee can reveal unique types of information impossible to obtain from comparing the human genome with the genomes of other vertebrates. PrimateDB is an open depository server that provides primate genome information for the comparative genome research. The database also provides an easy access to variable information within/between the primate genomes and supports analyzed information, such as annotation and retroelements and phylogeny. The comparative analyses of more primate genomes are also being included as the long-term objective.
Genome* ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes ; Phylogeny ; Primates* ; Retroelements ; Vertebrates

OBJECTIVES: Chigger mites are vectors for scrub typhus. This study evaluated the annual fluctuations in chigger mite populations and Orientia tsutsugamushi infections in South Korea.METHODS: During 2006 and 2007, chigger mites were collected monthly from wild rodents in 4 scrub typhus endemic regions of South Korea. The chigger mites were classified based on morphological characteristics, and analyzed using nested PCR for the detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi.RESULTS: During the surveillance period, the overall trapping rate for wild rodents was 10.8%. In total, 17,457 chigger mites (representing 5 genera and 15 species) were collected, and the average chigger index (representing the number of chigger mites per rodent), was 31.7. The monthly chigger index was consistently high (> 30) in Spring (March to April) and Autumn (October to November). The mite species included Leptotrombidium pallidum (43.5%), L. orientale (18.9%), L. scutellare (18.1%), L. palpale (10.6%), and L. zetum (3.6%). L. scutellare and L. palpale populations, were relatively higher in Autumn. Monthly O. tsutsugamushi infection rates in wild rodents (average: 4.8%) and chigger mites (average: 0.7%) peaked in Spring and Autumn.CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrated a bimodal pattern of the incidence of O. tsutsugamushi infections. Higher infection rates were observed in both wild rodents and chigger mites, in Spring and Autumn. However, this did not reflect the unimodal incidence of scrub typhus in Autumn. Further studies are needed to identify factors, such as human behavior and harvesting in Autumn that may explain this discordance.
Globus Pallidus ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mites ; Orientia tsutsugamushi ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rodentia ; Scrub Typhus ; Trombiculidae