1.Plant factory: new resource for the productivity and diversity of human and veterinary vaccines
Byoung Shik SHIM ; Kee Jong HONG ; Puna Maya MAHARJAN ; Sunghwa CHOE
Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research 2019;8(2):136-139
Vaccination is one of the most successful strategies to prevent diseases caused by pathogens. Although various expression systems including Escherichia coli, yeast, insect, and mammalian cells are currently used for producing many of vaccines, these conventional platforms have the limitation of post-translational modification, high cost, and expensive scalability. In this respect, the plant-based expression system has been considered as an attractive platform to produce recombinant vaccines due to fast, cost-effective and scalable production as well as safety. This review discusses the development of plant-derived vaccines and the current stage of plant-based expression system.
Antibodies
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Efficiency
;
Escherichia coli
;
Humans
;
Insects
;
Plants
;
Plants, Genetically Modified
;
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
;
Vaccination
;
Vaccines
;
Vaccines, Synthetic
;
Yeasts
2.Sublingual Delivery of Vaccines for the Induction of Mucosal Immunity.
Byoung Shik SHIM ; Youngjoo CHOI ; In Su CHEON ; Man Ki SONG
Immune Network 2013;13(3):81-85
The mucosal surfaces are constantly exposed to incoming pathogens which can cause infections that result in severe morbidity and/or mortality. Studies have reported that mucosal immunity is important for providing protection against these pathogens and that mucosal vaccination is effective in preventing local infections. For many years, the sublingual mucosa has been targeted to deliver immunotherapy to treat allergic hypersensitivities. However, the potential of vaccine delivery via sublingual mucosal has received little attention until recently. Recent studies exploring such potential have documented the safety and effectiveness of sublingual immunization, demonstrating the ability of sublingual immunization to induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses against a variety of antigens, including soluble proteins, inter particulate antigens, and live-attenuated viruses. This review will summarize the recent findings that address the promising potential of sublingual immunization in proving protection against various mucosal pathogens.
Hypersensitivity
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Immunity, Mucosal
;
Immunization
;
Immunotherapy
;
Mucous Membrane
;
Proteins
;
Vaccination
;
Vaccines
3.Epstein-Barr virus associated posttransplant malignant lymphoma in renal allograft recipients.
Yeong Jin CHOI ; Chang Suk KANG ; Wan Shik SHIN ; Mi Kyoung JEE ; Byoung Kee KIM ; Sun Moo KIM ; Sang In SHIM
Journal of Korean Medical Science 1994;9(2):162-168
We report two cases of posttransplant malignant lymphoma(PTML) of B cell origin associated with Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) infection. They were a 52-year-old male and a 37 year-old-female, in whom intermediate-grade diffuse malignant lymphomas of large cell type developed in the submandibular area and jejunum, respectively. DNA and RNA in situ hybridization revealed the presence of EBV-specific DNA and RNA sequences in the tumor cells.
Adult
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Female
;
*Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
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Humans
;
In Situ Hybridization
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Kidney Transplantation/*adverse effects/pathology
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Lymphoma/*complications/pathology/virology
;
Male
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Middle Aged
;
Transplantation, Homologous
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Tumor Virus Infections/*complications
4.Treatment Outcomes after Discontinuation of Ethambutol due to Adverse Events in Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease
Yong Shik KWON ; Byoung Soo KWON ; Ock hwa KIM ; Yea Eun PARK ; Tae Sun SHIM ; Yong Pil CHONG ; Kyung Wook JO
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2020;35(9):59-
BACKGROUND: Long-term administration of ethambutol (EMB) for Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD) sometimes leads to permanent discontinuation of EMB due to various adverse events. This study aimed to investigate treatment outcomes after discontinuation of EMB.METHODS: Among patients diagnosed with MAC-LD between January 2001 and December 2014, 508 patients whose treatment was initiated with standard regimen until May 2018 were enrolled at a tertiary referral center in Korea. Of these 508 patients, 60 (11.8%) discontinued EMB due to various adverse effects. Among these 60 patients, treatment outcomes were analyzed for 44 patients by comparing their outcomes with those of matched subjects who received the standard treatment regimen without EMB discontinuation.RESULTS: The mean age of the 60 patients who discontinued EMB was 64.4 years. Ocular toxicity was the most common cause of discontinuation of EMB (75.0%, 45/60). The mean duration of EMB administration before its discontinuation was 7.0 ± 4.6 months. The treatment failure rate of the 44 patients with EMB discontinuation analyzed for treatment outcome was 29.6%, which was higher than that of the matched patients who received the standard regimen (18.3%), although the difference was not significant (P = 0.095). Of these 44 patients, EMB was substituted with later-generation fluoroquinolone in 23 patients, and the treatment failure rate of these 23 patients was significantly higher than that of the matched patients who received the standard regimen (39.1% vs. 19.3%, P = 0.045).CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that treatment outcomes are unsatisfactory in patients with MAC-LD who discontinue EMB owing to adverse events. Notably, there was a statistically significant high failure rate in patients who were prescribed fluoroquinolone to replace EMB.
Ethambutol
;
Fluoroquinolones
;
Humans
;
Korea
;
Lung Diseases
;
Mycobacterium avium Complex
;
Mycobacterium avium
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Mycobacterium
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Tertiary Care Centers
;
Treatment Failure
;
Treatment Outcome
5.Treatment Outcomes after Discontinuation of Ethambutol due to Adverse Events in Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease
Yong Shik KWON ; Byoung Soo KWON ; Ock hwa KIM ; Yea Eun PARK ; Tae Sun SHIM ; Yong Pil CHONG ; Kyung Wook JO
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2020;35(9):e59-
BACKGROUND:
Long-term administration of ethambutol (EMB) for Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD) sometimes leads to permanent discontinuation of EMB due to various adverse events. This study aimed to investigate treatment outcomes after discontinuation of EMB.
METHODS:
Among patients diagnosed with MAC-LD between January 2001 and December 2014, 508 patients whose treatment was initiated with standard regimen until May 2018 were enrolled at a tertiary referral center in Korea. Of these 508 patients, 60 (11.8%) discontinued EMB due to various adverse effects. Among these 60 patients, treatment outcomes were analyzed for 44 patients by comparing their outcomes with those of matched subjects who received the standard treatment regimen without EMB discontinuation.
RESULTS:
The mean age of the 60 patients who discontinued EMB was 64.4 years. Ocular toxicity was the most common cause of discontinuation of EMB (75.0%, 45/60). The mean duration of EMB administration before its discontinuation was 7.0 ± 4.6 months. The treatment failure rate of the 44 patients with EMB discontinuation analyzed for treatment outcome was 29.6%, which was higher than that of the matched patients who received the standard regimen (18.3%), although the difference was not significant (P = 0.095). Of these 44 patients, EMB was substituted with later-generation fluoroquinolone in 23 patients, and the treatment failure rate of these 23 patients was significantly higher than that of the matched patients who received the standard regimen (39.1% vs. 19.3%, P = 0.045).
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that treatment outcomes are unsatisfactory in patients with MAC-LD who discontinue EMB owing to adverse events. Notably, there was a statistically significant high failure rate in patients who were prescribed fluoroquinolone to replace EMB.
6.Irinotecan, Continuous 5-Fluorouracil, and Low dose of Leucovorin (modified FOLFIRI) as First Line of Therapy in Recurrent or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.
Myung Ah LEE ; Jae Ho BYUN ; Byoung Young SHIM ; In Sook WOO ; Jin Hyung KANG ; Young Seon HONG ; Kyung Shik LEE ; Myung Gyu CHOI ; Suk Kyun CHANG ; Seong Taek OH ; Sung Il CHOI ; Doo Suk LEE
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine 2005;20(3):205-209
BACKGROUND: Irinotecan, in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and a high dose of leucovorin (LV), known as FOLFIRI regimen, has shown activity in recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of irinotecan, 5-FU and a low dose of LV (modified FOLFIRI) as a first line of therapy for patients with relapsed or metastatic colorectal cancer. METHODS: Between January 2002 and October 2004, 44 patients with histologically confirmed recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer were enrolled. The chemotherapy regimen schedule consisted of 180 mg/m2 of irinotecan being administered intravenously (i.v) on Day 1, 400 mg/m2 of 5-FU via i.v bolus with 600 mg/m2 of continuous infusion for 22 hrs on both Day 1 and 2, and 20 mg/m2 of leucovorin on both Day 1 and 2, repeated every two weeks. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 47.8%. Of the 40 evaluated patients, one had CR (2.3%) and 20 had PR (46.5%). Toxicities were mild and easily manageable. Three patients experienced 23 episodes of Grade 3/4 leukopenia., Only one patient developed Grade 3/4 diarrhea. None experienced Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSION: Modified FOLFIRI with a low dose of LV is an effective and tolerable regimen for patients with recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer.
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*drug therapy
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Neoplasm Metastasis/*drug therapy
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Middle Aged
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Male
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Leucovorin/administration & dosage
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Humans
;
Fluorouracil/administration & dosage
;
Female
;
Disease Progression
;
Colorectal Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology
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Camptothecin/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives
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Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*administration & dosage
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Aged
;
Adult
7.Pulmonary Cryptococcosis after Chemotherapy in a Patient with Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma.
Jae Huyck CHANG ; Chi Won SONG ; Byoung Yong SHIM ; Dong Kun LEE ; Jae Ho BYUN ; Jung Im CHUNG ; Kyo Young LEE ; Young Seon HONG ; Wan Sik SIN ; Chun Choo KIM ; Kyung Shik LEE
Infection and Chemotherapy 2003;35(3):174-179
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is monoclonal expansion of malignant B or T cells. The immunocompromised status in this disease is accompanied by many infections. The cryptococcosis, caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, frequently occurs in leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, sarcoidosis, diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, and long-term steroid-using patients. Recent increasing incidence of fungal infection could be due to the spread of AIDS and transplantation. We experienced one patient with lung mass in Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after three cycles of chemotherapy, which could not be discriminated from the newly developed lymphoma mass. Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from the lung tissue obtained by thoracoscopic biopsy. Herein we report this case with brief review of pertinent literature.
Biopsy
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Cryptococcosis*
;
Cryptococcus neoformans
;
Diabetes Mellitus
;
Drug Therapy*
;
Hodgkin Disease
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Leukemia
;
Lung
;
Lymphoma
;
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin*
;
Sarcoidosis
;
T-Lymphocytes
;
Tuberculosis
8.Clinical Characteristics of Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma.
Sang Young ROH ; Sook Hee HONG ; Yoon Ho KO ; Tae Hee KIM ; Myung Ah LEE ; Byoung Yong SHIM ; Jae Ho BYUN ; In Sook WOO ; Jin Hyoung KANG ; Young Seon HONG ; Kyung Shik LEE
Cancer Research and Treatment 2007;39(2):65-68
PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to determine the clinical and therapeutic characteristics of women with a primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective clinical study was conducted to evaluate 22 women diagnosed with a PPC from 1993 to 2007 at the Hospitals of The Catholic University of Korea. Diagnoses were based on the Gynecologic Oncology Group criteria and clinical data. We collected patient clinicopathological data including age, presenting symptoms, pretreatment CA-125 values (U/ml), clinical stage (based on the FIGO stage), performance status (using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scale), whether cytoreductive surgery was optimal or not, types of chemotherapy and response to treatment. We evaluated the clinical characteristics and response to treatment, time to treatment failure and overall survival. RESULTS: The median overall survival of all patients was 23.1 months. The estimated 3-year survival rate was 29% (SE, 13%). The response rate to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy was 79% and the median time to treatment failure was 9.9 months (95% confidence interval, 1.38~18.4 months). By univariate and multivariate analysis, performance status was the only significant factor associated with overall survival (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We evaluated the clinical characteristics and treatment response of patients with a primary peritoneal carcinoma. Our results showed that it is possible to achieve long-term survival in patients with PPC. A further clinical study is to need to establish clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes.
Diagnosis
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Drug Therapy
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Female
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Humans
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Korea
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Multivariate Analysis
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Retrospective Studies
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Survival Rate
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Time-to-Treatment
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Treatment Failure
9.Pulmonary Cryptococcosis after Chemotherapy in a Patient with Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma.
Jae Huyck CHANG ; Chi Won SONG ; Byoung Yong SHIM ; Dong Kun LEE ; Jae Ho BYUN ; Jung Im CHUNG ; Kyo Young LEE ; Young Seon HONG ; Wan Sik SIN ; Chun Choo KIM ; Kyung Shik LEE
Infection and Chemotherapy 2003;35(3):174-179
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is monoclonal expansion of malignant B or T cells. The immunocompromised status in this disease is accompanied by many infections. The cryptococcosis, caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, frequently occurs in leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, sarcoidosis, diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, and long-term steroid-using patients. Recent increasing incidence of fungal infection could be due to the spread of AIDS and transplantation. We experienced one patient with lung mass in Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after three cycles of chemotherapy, which could not be discriminated from the newly developed lymphoma mass. Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from the lung tissue obtained by thoracoscopic biopsy. Herein we report this case with brief review of pertinent literature.
Biopsy
;
Cryptococcosis*
;
Cryptococcus neoformans
;
Diabetes Mellitus
;
Drug Therapy*
;
Hodgkin Disease
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Leukemia
;
Lung
;
Lymphoma
;
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin*
;
Sarcoidosis
;
T-Lymphocytes
;
Tuberculosis
10.Intranasal Vaccination with OuterMembrane Protein of Orientia tsutsugamushi induces Protective Immunity Against Scrub Typhus
Sung-Moo PARK ; Min Jeong GU ; Young-Jun JU ; In Su CHEON ; Kyu-Jam HWANG ; Byoungchul GILL ; Byoung-Shik SHIM ; Hang-Jin JEONG ; Young Min SON ; Sangho CHOI ; Woonhee JEUNG ; Seung Hyun HAN ; Hyuk CHU ; Cheol-Heui YUN
Immune Network 2021;21(2):e14-
Scrub typhus develops after the individual is bitten by a trombiculid mite infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi. Since it has been reported that pneumonia is frequently observed in patients with scrub typhus, we investigated whether intranasal (i.n.) vaccination with the outer membrane protein of O. tsutsugamushi (OMPOT) would induce a protective immunity against O. tsutsugamushi infection. It was particular interest that when mice were infected with O. tsutsugamushi, the bacteria disseminated into the lungs, causing pneumonia. The i.n. vaccination with OMPOT induced IgG responses in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. The anti-O. tsutsugamushi IgA Abs in BAL fluid after the vaccination showed a high correlation of the protection against O. tsutsugamushi. The vaccination induced strong Ag-specific Th1 and Th17 responses in the both spleen and lungs. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that i.n. vaccination with OMPOT elicited protective immunity against scrub typhus in mouse with O. tsutsugamushi infection causing subsequent pneumonia.