Myeloid body formation is an ultrastructural feature of gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in human being and experimental animals. The origin of the myeloid body is not satisfactorily understood and morphological verification of the developing process of this structure is not fully accomplished. We injected 100 mg/kg/12 hour of gentamicin in 20 Spraque-Dawley rats and examined the ultrastructural feature of the proximal convoluted tubular cells of the kidney every 30 minutes in the first 4 hours, and in 5 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours after injection of gentamicin, with a TEM and a SEM. Myeloid bodies were noted as concentric layers of membranous structures of degenerated endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in the lysosome. The number and size of the myeloid body containing lysosomes were increased with time. We can deduce from this observation that injured cell organelles by diffusible gentamicin within the cells are autophagocytosed by lysosomes which were also injured by the drug from pinocytotic vesicles, and incompletely digested organellar remnants are retained in the lysosomes as myeloid bodies. So we think that the myeloid body formation is a result of an exaggerated and a pathologic autophagocytic process due to cell injury induced by gentamicin.
Animals ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Gentamicins* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lysosomes ; Mitochondria ; Organelles ; Rats*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The majority of nasal bone fractures have been managed by using closed reduction and intranasal packing, leaving rooms for many complaints from patients. But the intranasal Kirschner wire (K-wire) splinting described by Chang in 1994 provided rigid intranasal support and increased less complaints from patients. Although the Kirschner wire splinting can be an alternative method for nasal bone packing that accompanies little complaints from patients, literature regarding the efficiency of Kirshcner wire splinting is rare. We studied the efficiency and clinical outcomes between the K-wire splinting and intranasal packing. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Prospectively, we studied 51 patients with nasal bone fracture who have undergone closed reduction. Of these, 30 patients were immobilized with the Kirschner wire splinting and 21 patients were immobilized with intranasal vaseline packing. On the first prospective day, patients were routinely examined by a visual analogue scale. The degree of satisfaction by both doctors and patients was investigated after a minimum 6 months. Complications were studied. All results were statistically confirmed. RESULTS: Complaints from patients were significantly less when the K-wire was used. There was no statistical difference between satisfaction expressed by doctors and patients, and there were no serious complications in using the K-wire. CONCLUSION: The K-wire is a reliable and useful immobilization method for nasal bone fracture.
Bone Wires ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Nasal Bone* ; Petrolatum ; Prospective Studies ; Splints

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Contusions and lacerations of the auricle are common, but reconstructive procedures are difficult because the auricle has an intricate cartilage framework covered with delicate skin. The purpose of this study was to present therapeutic principles of traumatized auricular laceration. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The study was performed retrospectively and included 35 traumatized auricular laceration patients. Their wound state, degree of laceration, whether or not had exposure of cartilage, methods of reconstruction used and postoperative complications were analyzed. RESULTS: Multiple laceration was found in 11 patients. Eight of 19 patients who had cartilage exposed had been performed cartilage suture method for alignment. Primary reconstruction was performed for two avulsed subtotal injury patients. Pocket principle technique was used for one patient whose auricle was contaminated and amputated. Postoperative complications were noted as paresthesia, color change, delayed healing, deformity and partial loss of auricle. CONCLUSION: Rapid and active management of traumatized auricular lacerations is important to prevent infection and postoperative complications.
Cartilage ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contusions ; Ear, External ; Humans ; Lacerations* ; Paresthesia ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Sutures ; Wounds and Injuries

BACKGROUND: Since the bioavailability of itraconazole capsule is influenced by patients gastric acidity, it results in treatment failure due to its low dissolution and subsequent low absorption when administered in fasting. Itraconazole Melt-Extrusion tablet has been lately developed in order to improve its dissolution profile. It is the first clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of itraconazole Melt-Extrusion tablet in Korea. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of itraconazole melt-extrusion tablet 400mg daily for 1 week(pulse therapy) for hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and manus. METHODS: A clinical and mycological investigation was made of 812 outpatients with hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and/or tinea manus who had visited at 52 general hospitals under the lead of the Korean Dermatological Association from June to December, 1998. Patients confirmed by clinically and microscopically as hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and/or tinea manus were administered 2 tablets twice a day for one week and followed up for 8 weeks from the start of the medication. RESULTS: The results were summarized as follows; 1. Clinical symptoms of hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and/or tinea mauns were significantly improved at the end of study, week 8(p<0.001). 2. Clinical response rate, defined as more than 50% decrease of the sum of the clinical symptom scores, was 79.3%(512/646). 3. Mycological cure rate, dafined as both culture and KOH negative at week 8, was 78.2%(244 /312). 4. 40(5.5%) patients, of the 727 patients evaluable for drug safety evaluation, were reported to have adverse event. CONCLUSION: Itraconazole Melt-Extrusion tablet 400mg/day for 1 week (pulse therapy) is effective and safe in the treatment of hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and/or tinea manus.
Absorption ; Biological Availability ; Fasting ; Gastric Acid ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Itraconazole* ; Korea ; Outpatients ; Tablets ; Tinea Pedis* ; Tinea* ; Treatment Failure