No abstract available.
Brain* ; Child* ; Humans

PURPOSE: To investigate the accuracy of biometry and intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation using partial coherence interferometry (IOL Master(R)) in highly myopic patients with axial lengths of 26 mm or greater. METHODS: Patients with axial lengths equal to or greater than 26 mm who had undergone cataract surgery were enrolled. IOL power was calculated using IOL Master and/or applanation ultrasonography with the SRK/T formula. Twenty-seven eyes using both IOL Master and applanation ultrasonography were included in a paired group, and forty-eight eyes using the IOL Master only and twenty-five eyes using applanation ultrasonography only were included in unpaired groups. The differences between the predicted refraction and the actual refraction were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: In the paired study, the axial lengths in patients using IOL Master (29.14+/-2.32 mm) were significantly longer than those of patients using applanation ultrasonography (28.57+/-2.23 mm) (p<0.05). The mean absolute error (MAE) of the IOL Master and applanation ultrasonography groups were 0.62+/-0.58D and 0.87+/-0.49D, respectively (p>0.05). In the unpaired study, the MAEs of the IOL Master and applanation ultrasonography groups were 0.61+/-0.61D and 0.65+/-0.63D, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In eyes with axial lengths of 26.0 mm or greater, the accuracy of IOL power calculation with IOL Master using the SRK/T formula was comparable to that with applanation ultrasonography.
Biometry ; Cataract ; Eye ; Humans ; Interferometry ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Myopia

This article describes the normal range of orbital linear dimensions (eq. orbital breadths, orbital height, orbital depth, interorbital breadths and biorbital breadth) and orbital indicies. One hundred and eighty-seven Korean skulls from grown-up individuals are studied with analysis for the purpose of evaluating anthropometric characteristics of Korean orbits. The results are compared to previously published data for modern Korean skulls. The width of the orbit is larger on the right side than the left and sexual difference was also shown. On the other hand, the heights of both orbits are much the same. Consequently, there is a slight tendency that chamaeconch is met with more frequently on the right side, whilst hypsiconch on the left side. The orbital depth is larger on the right side, however, depth index did not show any side difference. There are sexual differences on the biorbital breadth and upper facial breadth but not on the interorbital breadth on the basis of dacryon. These results represent the asymmetry of Korean orbit and that measurement on both sides must be necessary for anthropological comparison.
Adult* ; Hand ; Humans ; Orbit* ; Reference Values ; Skull*

The occurrences of thyrotoxicosis in patients with myasthenia gravis have been reported before the knowledge of the pathogenesis of the two disease. Thytotoxicosis is known to occur in 3 to 6 percent of patients with myasthenia gravis and myasthenia gravis occurs in only a fraction of 1 percent of the thyrotoxic populatian. Myasthenia gravis is currently considered as a systemic autoimmune disorder of acetylcholine receptor and often presented with other autoimmune diseases such as SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis. We experienced a 18-year-old woman who presented with graves disease and isolated ocular myasthenia gravis. Chest CT didnot reveal enlarged thymus. The usual treatement of myasthenia gravis associated with thymtoxicosis consists of medical control of the thyrotoxicosis, then thymectomy and later subtotal thyroidectomy. Her ptosis and thyrotoxicosis have improved after the medicatian of anticholinesterase and propylthiourecil. A case of ocular myasthenia gravis with Gravesdisease was experienced, so we reported the case with a brief review of literature.
Acetylcholine ; Adolescent ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Female ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Myasthenia Gravis ; Thymectomy ; Thymus Gland ; Thyroidectomy ; Thyrotoxicosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Hematoma* ; Liver* ; Snake Bites* ; Snakes*

BACKGROUND: Postpartum thyroiditis(PPT) is one of syndromes of thyroid dysfunction that occurs in the first year after parturition. Reported incidence of PPT is 3.9-8.2% of postpartum women in several studies from different countries. The fact that 52-100% of patients with PPT have thyroid autoantibodies, and that lymphocytic infiltration of thyroid gland is the characteristic pathological feature of PPT suggest that PPT is an autoimmune disease. High iodine intake in short term period is known to aggrevate the experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. This study was performed to investigate the incidence and clinical features of PPT in Korean postpartum women who usually ingest excessive amount of idine in immediate postpartum period and to investigate the predictive value of thyroid autoantibodies in the development of PPT in them. METHOD: Between March 1996 and February 1997, 99 women without previous history of any thyroid disease who delivered babies at Boramae hospital were enrolled. Thyroid function parameters(T3, T4, free T4, TSH), thyroid autoantibodies(anti-microsomal antibody, anti-thyroglobulin antibody) and urinary iodine excretion were measured prospectively before and 1, 3 months after delivery. Dietary iodine intake during postpartum period was evaluated by questionnaire, and clinical parameters were followed up. RESULTS: During 3 months of observation, PPT developed in 8.1%(8/99) of postpartum women. Five cases had typical course having thyrotoxic phase and the other 3 cases had hypothyroid phase without toxic phase. However, only one of those required thyroid hormone replacement therapy in the latter group. There were no differences in age, baseline thyroid function parameters, parity, percent cases with family history of thyroid disease between those developed PPT (n=8) and those did not develop PPT(n=91). Duration of high iodine intake(3.8 +- 0.5 wk. vs. 3.7 +- 0.8 wk., p>0.05), total ingested amount of high iodine diet(77 +- 28 vs. 79 +- 24 bowels of miyokguk, p)0.05), and the urinary iodine excretion(1.9 +- 1.4 mg/g creatinine vs. 3.7 +- 3.7mg/g creatinine, p0.05) at 1 month postpartum were not different between two groups. Of 99 total subjects, anti-microsomal antibody(AMA) was present in 13.1%(13/99) before delivery in their sera. Positive predictive value of the presence of AMA before delivery in predicting the development of PPT was 30.8%. CONCLUSION: The fact that incidence of PPT in normal Korean postpartum women who usually have high iodine intake in immediate postpartum period is not higher than those of other countries, and that there was no difference in the amount of iodine intake between those developed PPT and those did not suggest that high iodine intake in immediate postpartum period do not influence on the incidence of PPT. The presence of AMA before delivery had low specificity in prediction of development of PPT, so the measurement of AMA seems not to be a useful screening test.
Autoantibodies ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Creatinine ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Iodine* ; Mass Screening ; Parity ; Parturition ; Postpartum Period* ; Postpartum Thyroiditis* ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroid Diseases ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older Korean adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A total of 226 older (age > or =65 years) adults without a history of cerebrovascular disease or dementia participated in this study. Cognitive function was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Korean version (MoCA-K). A MoCA-K score <23 was defined as MCI. RESULTS: The prevalence of MCI was 32.7%. In a logistic regression analysis, age (> or =74 years old vs. 65-68 years old; odds ratio [OR], 3.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55 to 8.82; P=0.003), educational background (college graduation vs. no school or elementary school graduation; OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.46; P=0.001), and systolic blood pressure (> or =135 mm Hg vs. < or =120 mm Hg; OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.29 to 8.17; P=0.012) were associated with MCI. CONCLUSION: More concentrated efforts focused on early detection and appropriate management of MCI may be required in older Korean adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Adult* ; Blood Pressure ; Dementia ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mild Cognitive Impairment* ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence

Orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) regulates cell growth and tumorigenesis in various cancers. However, the clinical relevance of ERRγ to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Here we examined the clinical significance of ERRγ in HCC and its potential as a therapeutic target. ERRγ levels in tissues from completely resected specimens from 190 HCC patients were examined immunohistochemically and their association with clinical stage and pathological grade was analyzed. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of ERRγ (siRNA-ERRγ) or an ERRγ inverse agonist, GSK5182, were also used to examine the effects of ERRγ inhibition on the proliferation and growth of a human hepatoma cell line, PLC/PRF/5. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that tumor tissues showed higher levels of ERRγ-positivity than adjacent non-tumor lesions. Tumors showing high levels of ERRγ immunoreactivity also had advanced tumor node metastasis (TNM) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages and a higher Edmondson–Steiner grade. In addition, high-level expression of ERRγ in tumors of advanced TNM stage correlated with poorer overall survival. Treatment of PLC/PRF/5 cells with siRNA-ERRγ or GSK5182 inhibited proliferation through G1 arrest, increased expression of p21 and p27 and decreased expression of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein. GSK5182-induced reactive oxygen species also suppressed the proliferation of PLC/PRF/5 cells. The present study showed that ERRγ expression is clinically significant in HCC; therefore, it can be considered a biomarker for HCC diagnosis. Moreover, the results provide a rationale for the use of ERRγ inhibitors such as GSK5182 as potential therapeutic agents.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation* ; Child ; Child, Orphaned ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms* ; Liver* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Retinoblastoma Protein ; RNA, Small Interfering

Neurolymphomatosis, defined as a selective infiltration of lymphoma cells into cranial nerves, peripheral nerves and nerve roots, is a rarely recognized manifestation of lymphoma. Its characteristic symptoms are often overlooked or mistaken for other conditions, such as a peripheral polyneuropathy, due to chemotherapeutic agents or clinical findings of metastatic lesions in the central nervous system. Recently, neurolymphomatosis has been increasingly recognized using magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-computed tomography. We present a case of neurolymphomatosis manifesting as peripheral mononeuropathy in a patient with T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Animals ; Central Nervous System ; Cranial Nerves ; Electrons ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Marek Disease ; Mononeuropathies ; Peripheral Nerves ; Polyneuropathies ; T-Lymphocytes

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to self-management asthma including symptom, medication, and to prevent the exacerbation of the condition using the Personal Asthma Management System(PAMS) which was developed based on Personal digital Assistant(PDA). METHODS: A development tool of the PAMS was EVC(Microsoft Embadded Visual C++). The system contents referred to workshop report of the Global Initiative for Asthma, on-line lecture of the Korean Society of allergology and Korea Asthma allergy Foundation, asthma-related web-sites. RESULTS: The PAMS was implemented with four main menus: personal information, symptom, medication management, and self care. The patients input their daily condition, and this data will be used in the successful prevention and management of asthma exacerbation. This real-time nature of PAMS is its primary advantage over other retrospective computing system for reducing the effects of forgetting, so this information will be useful in classifying of asthma severity. CONCLUSION: The PAMS can be contributed to aid self-management of asthma and effective treatment by attending physician.
Asthma* ; Education ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Self Care