Nocardia is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause disseminated disease in serious immunosuppressive patients with organ transplantation, advanced HIV infection, malignancy or long-term corticosteroid use. Cerebral nocardiosis constitutes the most severe form of Nocardial infection. Early detection and treatment of cerebral abscess of Nocardia is important because the mortality is three times higher than that of other bacterial cerebral abscesses. We report a case of N. farcinica brain abscess in a focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) patient after steroid treatment.
Brain ; Brain Abscess ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Nocardia ; Nocardia Infections ; Organ Transplantation ; Steroids ; Transplants

Rhabdomyolysis varies from transient elevation of muscular enzyme to reduction of circulating volume and development of acute kidney injury (AKI). The majority is related to trauma, excessive exercise, alcohol and seizure disorders. Systemic infections associated with salmonellosis were rarely reported. Most of Salmonella infections are caused by Salmonella Typhi. Most common manifestations are typhoid fever and gastroenteritis. Sometimes serious complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal perforation, and encephalopathy occur. However, AKI-associated rhabdomyolysis is rarely reported in salmonellosis even though it is not considered to be a major complication. Unfortunately, the precise pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for rhabdomyolysis with Salmonella Enteritidis infection are poorly understood due to the rarity of reported cases. In this presentation, we describe a patient with Salmonella Enteritidis (serogroup D) bacteremia complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis and AKI. The blood culture and stool culture from the patient yielded Salmonella Enteritidis. Rhabdomyolysis and AKI should be considered as potentially fatal complications in patients with Salmonella Enteritidis infection.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Bacteremia ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; Epilepsy ; Gastroenteritis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intestinal Perforation ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Salmonella ; Salmonella enteritidis ; Salmonella Infections ; Salmonella typhi ; Typhoid Fever

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the correlation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations in follicular fluid (FF) with the ovarian response as well as the age in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). METHODS: This study was performed in 72cycles who underwent COH for in vitro fertilization at infertility clinic of Changwon Hanmaeum Hospital and Pusan National University Hospital from Aug., 2003 to Dec., 2003. Each FF was collected at the oocyte retrieval according to the follicular size and VEGF concentrations in FF were assessed. We analyzed the correlation of VEGF concentrations in FF with ovarian response as well as the age in women undergoing COH. RESULTS: In 72cycles, the clinical pregnancy rate was 37.5% (27cycles). There were no significant differences in patient's age, ampules of gonadotropin used, estradiol (E2) level on the day of hCG administration, the number of oocyte retrieved, and fertilization rate between pregnant and nonpregnant groups. However, positive correlation was found between the follicular size and VEGF concentrations in FF in pregnant and nonpregnant groups. No significant correlation was found between age and VEGF concentrations in FF. There were no significant differences in the VEGF concentrations in FF between pregnant and nonpregnant women by age. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that VEGF concentrations in FF cannot be the marker for the prediction of ovarian response, and have no correlation with all parameters of COH including patients' age with exception for the follicular size.
Busan ; Estradiol ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Follicular Fluid* ; Gonadotropins ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Humans ; Infertility ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy Rate ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between follicular blood flow and the follicular fluid vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations, and to determine which factor might be a better predictor of the outcome of IVF-ET. METHODS: In our prospective study, forty-seven cycles who underwent in vitro fertilization with tubal factor (25 cycles) and male factor (22 cycles) at the infertility clinic of Pusan National University Hospital from Feb. 2002 to June 2002 were assessed. Follicular blood flow was estimated on the day of hCG administration. Each follicular fluid was collected at the oocyte retrieval and follicular fluid VEGF and NO concentrations were assessed. According to the age of patients, the cause of infertility, and pregnancy rate, follicular blood flow and follicular fluid VEGF and NO concentrations were measured. RESULTS: Of 47 cycles, 18 cycles were pregnant (38.3%). Follicular blood flow was significant higher in the pregnant group compared to the nonpregnant group (p<.05), but there was no statistical significantly difference in the age and infertility cause. Follicular fluid concentrations of VEGF and NO were not statistically different in age, infertility cause, and pregnancy outcome. As follicle size increases, the follicular blood flow and follicular fluid VEGF concentrations increased significantly, but follicular fluid NO concentrations decreased. There was no correlation between VEGF and NO concentrations in follicular fluid by linear regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Our present study showed that follicular blood flow was positively associated with outcome of pregnancy as well as size of follicles, follicular fluid VEGF, but NO had no correlation with patient's age and pregnancy outcome. These results suggest that follicular blood flow might be a more effective prognostic marker of the pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization rather than follicular fluid VEGF and NO concentrations.
Busan ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Follicular Fluid* ; Humans ; Infertility ; Linear Models ; Male ; Nitric Oxide* ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Rate ; Prospective Studies ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*