No abstract available.
Animals ; Fetus* ; Mice* ; Paraquat*

Superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase and the levels of lipid peroxide were assayed in erythrocytes and synovial fluid isolated from 17 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joints and 7 with healthy knee joints as a control groups. In the erythrocytes, SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly increased in osteoarthritis compared with normal control groups, but the changes of malonyldialdehyde level was not significant. The activity of SOD in synovial fluid was significantly decreased in osteoarthritis compared with normal control groups, but catalase activity was significantly increased in synovial fluid of osteoarthritis. This result suggested that the increament of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes were probably due to increased production of oxygen radicals in osteoarthritis. In osteoarthritis, knee joints might be injured more easily by oxygen radicals because of decreased activity of SOD in synovial fluid of osteoarthritis.
Catalase ; Erythrocytes ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Glutathione ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Malondialdehyde ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Superoxides ; Synovial Fluid

No abstract available.
Laurence-Moon Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Laurence-Moon Syndrome*

Nitric oxide (NO), the production of which is dependent on Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has been shown to contribute to pathogeneses in various diseases. Recent investigations of NOS expression in tumor tissues indicate that NO may mediate one or more roles during the growth of human cancers. The aim of this study was to determine whether iNOS is expressed in human colon carcinoma cell lines and to determine the types of NOS isozymes in colon carcinoma cell lines with high and low metastatic potentials. METHODS: We measured the expressions of iNOS and eNOS and the formation of nitrotyrosine which indicates peroxinitrate production in highly metastatic colon cancer cell (KM1214) and lowly metastatic colon cancer cell (KM12C) by Western blots. RESULTS: The iNOS were detected in both KM1214 and KM12C by Western blot analysis. The expression of iNOS in KM1214 cells was significantly higher than in KM12C cells. The expression of iNOS was increased with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in colon cancer cells but the rate of increase was higher in KM1214 cells than in KM12C cells. CONCLUSIONS: In human colon carcinoma cells, iNOS is expressed in cancer cells and expression of iNOS is higher in highly metastatic colon cancer cells than in lowly metastatic colon cancer cells and iNOS expression may have some role in colon cancer metastasis.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Humans* ; Isoenzymes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide*

PURPOSE: Oxidative stress is the well known causative factor for retinal damage. This study investigated the effects of glutathione on reactive oxygen species(ROS) induced injury in human retinal pigment epithelial(HRPE) cells. OBJECTS AND METHODS: HRPE cells (ATCC:CRL-2302) were cultured with DMEM media and exposed to oxidative stress (paraquat, hydrogen peroxide) and/or glutathione modulator[(buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), glutathione (GSH), 2-oxo 4-thiazolidine carboxylic acid (OTC)] for 2 days. The cell viability was determined by measuring the amount of reduced 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). RESULTS: The rate of MTT reduction of HRPE cells decreased by either paraquat or hydrogen peroxide treatment. BSO as a inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis potentiated paraquat- or hydrogen peroxideinduced HRPE cells injury. On the other hand GSH or OTC reduced the rate of decrement of MTT reduction in HRPE cells by paraquat and hydrogen peroxide. CONCLUSIONS: Glutathione seemed to play some role in prevention of ROS-induced HRPE cells injury and OTC may be used as an agents for prevention of free radical induced HRPE cell injury.
Cell Survival ; Epithelial Cells* ; Glutathione* ; Hand ; Humans* ; Hydrogen ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Oxidative Stress ; Oxygen* ; Paraquat ; Retinaldehyde*

PURPOSE: Functional and structural alterations of retinal pigment epithelial cells were observed in experimental and clinical diabetes. To investigate the effects of high glucose on free radical-induced injury in retinal pigment epithelial cells, we determined the effects of high glucose on activities of antioxidant enzymes and paraquat-induced cytotoxicity in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells. METHODS: Human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cell line (ATCC:CRL-2302) was cultured with high glucose (22.4 mM)-and normoglucose (5.6 mM)-contained DMEM for 3 days. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and GSHPx were assayed by Crapo's method, Aebi's method and GUnzler's method, respectively. Paraquat-induced cytotoxicity was determined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. RESULTS: CuZn-SOD activity of HRPE cells was decreased by 32% in high glucose (25.4 mM) media compared to normoglucose (5.6 mM) media. But the activities of catalase and GSHPx were not changed by high glucose. The paraquat-induced HRPE cells toxicity was increased by high glucose. Diethydithiocarbamate (DDC), as inhibitor of CuZn-SOD, also potentiated paraquat-induced HRPE cell CONCLUSIONS: Paraquat-induced HEPE cells injury was potentiated by high glucose and decreased CuZn-SOD activity by high glucose may be some roles in free radical-induced HRPE cell injury.
Catalase ; Cell Line ; Epithelial Cells* ; Glucose* ; Humans* ; Paraquat ; Retinaldehyde* ; Superoxide Dismutase

No abstract available.
Animals ; Pertussis Vaccine* ; Rats* ; Streptozocin* ; Whooping Cough*

The aim of this study was to investigate whether green tea extract (GTE) has the protective effects on excess L-arginine induced toxicity in human mesangial cell. Human mesangial cells treated with L-arginine were cultured on Dulbecco's modified eagle medium in the presence and absence of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor and GTE. The cell proliferation was determined by 3 (4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2, 5-diphengltetrqzolium bromide, a tetrazole assay. The iNOS mRNA and its protein expression were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. The concentration of nitric oxide (NO) was measured by NO enzyme-linced immuno sorbent assay kit. L-arginine significantly inhibited the proliferation of human mesangial cells, and induced the secretion of NO to the media. NO production by L-arginine was significantly suppressed by GTE and iNOS inhibitor (p<0.01). The expression level of iNOS mRNA and its protein that was significantly increased by L-arginine was decreased by iNOS inhibitor but not by GTE. GTE protected the mesangial cells from the NO-mediated cytotoxicity by scavenging the NO rather than by iNOS gene expression. Therefore, we conclude that GTE has some protective effect for renal cells against oxidative injury possibly by polyphenols contained in GTE.
Antioxidants/metabolism ; Arginine/metabolism/pharmacology/*toxicity ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Flavonoids/metabolism ; Glomerular Mesangium/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Mesangial Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/chemistry/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism ; Phenols/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tea

OBJECTIVE: Green tea polyphenol (GTP) has been shown to have anti-tumor properties in a wide variety of experimental systems. In this study, we evaluated the effects of GTP on the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin in cultured HeLa and SiHa cells. METHODS: The cell lines from Korean Cell Culture Bank were cultured in a RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with a 10% fetal bovine serum, antibiotics streptomycin and penicillin. GTP was extracted from tea leaves (Camellia scinensis) by water extraction and organic solvent fractionation. Cells were seeded at 1 x 10(4) cells/well in RPMI1640 media in triplicate wells on a Nunc Labware 96 well flat bottom microculture plate, with and without GTP (100 microgram/mL) and at different concentrations of cisplatin (0-1000 microgram/mL). After incubating the plates at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2 for 2 days, cell viability was determined using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue] assay. RESULTS: The viability of the HeLa cells was decreased to 14% at a 600 microgram/mL concentration of cisplatin, and to 16% at 600 microgram/mL in the SiHa cells as measured by the MTT assay. However, in the HeLa cell, co-cultured with GTP (100 microgram/mL), the cell viability decreased to 68% at 200 microgram/mL of cisplatin and to 17% at 400 microgram/mL of cisplatin. And in the SiHa cell, co-cultured with GTP (100 microgram/mL), the cell viability decreased to 48% at 200 microgram/mL of cisplatin and to 17% at 400 microgram/mL of cisplatin. CONCLUSION: This study showed that cisplatin with GTP seems to have a potentiating effect on Cisplatin cytotoxicity than cisplatin alone.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Line* ; Cell Survival ; Cisplatin* ; Guanosine Triphosphate ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Penicillins ; Streptomycin ; Tea* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms* ; Water