No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Histamine Release* ; Histamine* ; Mast Cells* ; Rats*

The internal morphology of the right and left atria of rabbit, cat, pig, and human, particularly on the luminal structures of the auricle, were observed by stereomicroscope improving corrosion casting method using latex. Structures of the right auricular casts markedly differ from those of the left side, consisting of defined surface sturctures with distinct folds and branching patterns. The main atrial region consists of smooth surfaced single mass of the latex, and the auricular region is characterized by well developed branching patte and delicate small folds. The results of this study indicate that auricula have well organized duct-like luminal structures and many small pouches (out-pocketings) expanding the internal wall of the duct-like structures and small pouches. The endocardial nuclear imprints on the surface of the folds in the auricular region appeared larger and deeper than those on the atrium proper region of the atrial cast. These morphological observation will be aid in understanding structures of auricular lumen, regional differences of the endocardium and their function to the secretory process of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release.
Animals* ; Cats ; Corrosion Casting* ; Corrosion* ; Endocardium ; Humans ; Latex ; Methods* ; Phenobarbital* ; Secretory Pathway

This experimental studies was to investigate the location of PNS and CNS labeled neurons following injection of 2% WGA-HRP and pseudorabies virus (PRV), beta-galactosidase inserted Bartha strain, into the epididymis of rats. After survival times 4~5 days following injection of 2% WGA-HRP and PRV-Ba-Gal, the rats were perfused, and their brain, spinal cord, sympathetic ganglia and spinal ganglia were frozen sectioned (30 mm). These sections were stained by HRP histochemical and beta-galactosidase histochemical staining methods, and observed with light microscope. The results were as follows : 1. The WGA-HRP labeled sympathetic ganglia projecting to the epididymis were observed in pelvic ganglion and L1-6 lumbar sympathetic ganglia. 2. The WGA-HRP labeled spinal ganglia projecting to the epididymis were observed in L1-6 spinal ganglia. 3. The beta-galactosidase labeled neurons projecting to the epididymis were observed in lamina VII of cervical segments. In thoracic segments, beta-galactosidase labeled neurons were observed in dorsomedial part of lamina I, II and III. Dense labeled neurons were observed in intermediolateral n. and dorsal commissural n.. In lumbar segment, labeled neurons were observed in lamina III, IV, V, dorsal commisural n. and superficial dorsal horn. 4. In the medulla oblongata, beta-galactosidase labeled neurons projecting to the epididymis were observed in the trigeminal spinal n., A1 noradrenalin cells/C1 adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular n., rostroventrolateral reticular n., area postrema, n. tractus solitarius, raphe obscurus n., raphe pallidus n., raphe magnus n., parapyra-midal n., lateral reticular n. and lateral paragigantocellular reticular n.. 5. In the pons, labeled neurons were observed in Kolliker-Fuse n., locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus n. and A5 noradrenalin cells. 6. In midbrain, labeled neurons were observed in periaqueductal gray substance, retrorubral n., substantia nigra and dorsal raphe n.. 7. In the diencephalon, labeled neurons were observed in paraventricular hypothalamic n., lateral hypothalamic nucleus., medial preoptic n. and retrochiasmatic n.. These results suggest that WGA-HRP labeled neurons of the spinal cord projecting to the rat epididymis might be the first-order neurons related to the viscero-somatic sensory and sympathetic postganglionic neurons, and beta-galactosidase labeled neurons of the brain and spinal cord may be the second and third-order neurons response to the movement of vascular smooth muscle in epididymis. These beta-galactosidase labeled neurons may be central autonomic center related to the integration and modulation of reflex control linked to the sensory and motor system monitoring the internal environment. These observations provide evidence for previously unknown projections from epididymis to spinal cord and brain which may be play an important neuroanatomical basic evidence in the regulation of epididymal function.
Animals ; Area Postrema ; beta-Galactosidase ; Brain ; Diencephalon ; Epididymis* ; Ganglia, Spinal ; Ganglia, Sympathetic ; Ganglion Cysts ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid* ; Horns ; Hypothalamic Area, Lateral ; Locus Coeruleus ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata ; Mesencephalon ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Neural Pathways* ; Neurons ; Periaqueductal Gray ; Pons ; Pseudorabies* ; Rats* ; Reflex ; Spinal Cord ; Substantia Nigra ; Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugate*

Glutamate is an amino acid neurotransmitter capable of producing widespread receptor-mediated neuronal excitation. In this experiment, we examined the effect of saline, monosodium glutamate (MSG), phenylalanine and MSG-phenylalanine treatment on TH immunoreactivity in area postrema (AP) of medulla oblangata. An immunocytochemical method was used to visualize catecholaminergic neurons in the AP. Damage of TH neurons in the AP of adult Sprague-Dawley rats was induced by injection of MSG (4 mg/g bw) and was decreased by administration of MSG following phenylalanine treatment (15 mg/g bw). We conclude that phenylalanine protect from the neuroexcitotoxic effect of systemic glutamate.
Adult ; Animals ; Area Postrema* ; Glutamic Acid ; Humans ; Neurons ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Phenylalanine* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Glutamate*

Form March 1982 to December 1991, 110 cases of typical post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and 25 cases of Atypical acute glomerulonephritis were clinically investigated at Department of pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, and following Data were obtained. 1) Male to Femal ratio was 1.8:1 (Atypical AGN). peak incidence was from 7 to 12 years. 2) The most common preceding infections were upper respiratory infection, unknown, cervical lymphadenitis, scarlet fever, Incubation periods were mostly from 1 to 2 weeks. 3) The most common chief complaints were edema, gross hematuria, oliguria, headache. 4) The most common physical findings were facial edema, hypertension, pharyngeal injection. 5) There were significant difference between atypical AGN and typical PSGN in the BUN and WBC (P<0.05, p<0.1). Also there were significant difference between typical PSGN and atypical AGN in the ESR (P<0.1). 6) Treatment regimens were penicilline, dipyridamole, anti-hypertensive agents. 7) Complete recovery occurs in most of most of patients within 1 year.
Antihypertensive Agents ; Dipyridamole ; Edema ; Glomerulonephritis* ; Headache ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Lymphadenitis ; Male ; Oliguria ; Pediatrics ; Penicillins ; Scarlet Fever

PURPOSE: Ulrasound-quided percutaneous renal biopsy in useful in diagnosis of renal diseases and assessment of progression. We performaed 420 cases of percutaneous renal biopsy in children since 1980. We analysis the method, results and complications. METHODS: We used modified Vim-Silverman needle or Biopty?gun (pat 4699154, BARD) with Toshiba, 4 MHz GCE-406, aspiration transducer. Sedation was done by demerol(1mg/kg IM) and chlorpromazine(0.6mg/kg IM) 30 minutes before doing biopsy. If needed, general anesthesia was done by ketamine(1mg/kg). RESULTS: Among 420 cases 410 (97.6%) were adequate for diagnosis. There were no life threatening complications such as bleeding or infections. None required blood transfusion or nephrectomy. Two cases developed minor perirenal hematoma, however subsided completely in 2 weeks. The histologic diagnoses in order of frequencies were as follow: MCNS 114(27.1%), IgA nephropathy 88(21.1%), H-S-P nephritis 58(13.8%), MesPGN 22(5.4%), AGN 22(5.4 %),FSGS 19(4.5%). CONCLUSIONS: We recommend renal biopsy with ultrasound localization in children, because it is very safe modality for biopsy.
Anesthesia, General ; Biopsy* ; Blood Transfusion ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Needles ; Nephrectomy ; Nephritis ; Transducers ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Hypercalciuria*

PURPOSE: Sacral cutaneous lesions in newborns are associated with numerous spinal abnormalities. Early detection is important, because spinal abnormalities may cause neurological symptoms. Radiologic screening tests have been performed on newborns with sacral cutaneous lesions. This study aimed to substantiate the associations between sacral cutaneous lesions and spinal abnormalities. METHODS: From January 2007 until November 2013, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of 743 newborns with sacral cutaneous lesions that included sacral dimples, which were deeper than 5 mm and situated further than 2.5 cm from the anus, deviated gluteal furrow, hairy patch, hemangioma, dyspigmentaion, and the presence of mass, and skin tag. RESULTS: 743 newborns with sacral cutaneous lesions were examined, including 24 newborns with abnormal ultrasonographic images. Tethered cord which affected 18 (2.4%) of the newborns, was the most commonly found spinal abnormaility. Of these 9 newborns had other spinal abnormalities in addition to tethered cord including lipoma, cyst, spina bifida occulta, lipomyelomeningocele, and dermal sinus tract, and 9 newborns had isolated tethered cord only. Other spinal abnormalities found included isolated lipoma (3 newborns, 0.4%), and subarachnoid cyst (2 newborns, 0.3%), and of the 2 newborns (0.3%) who had dermal sinus tract, 1 also had a lipoma and the other also had a tethered cord. Normal variants included coccygeal pit (43 newborns, 5.8%), and ventriculus terminalis (10 newborns, 1.4%). Of the 646 newborns with isolated sacral cutaneous lesion, 11 (1.7%) had abnormal ultrasonographic images, and of the 97 newborns with combined sacral cutaneous lesions, 13 (13.4%) had abnormal ultrasonograpic images. CONCLUSION: Sacral cutaneous lesions in newborns can be associated with spinal abnormalities, and the strongest marker of spinal abnormality is a combined lesion. Therefore, ultrasonography should be performed on newborns who present with sacral cutaneous lesions to detect and investigate any underlying spinal abnormalities.
Anal Canal ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lipoma ; Mass Screening ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Spina Bifida Occulta ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine incidence of recompression and risk factors in the patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 179 vertebral bodies of 126 patients who underwent vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty on OVCF from January 2004 to August 2013. RESULTS: When anterior vertebral height of fractured vertebrae declined by more than 3 mm from the height immediately after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, it was judged that recompression had occurred. Recompression was observed in a total of 58 vertebrae (32.4%). Recompression occurrences were found to be decreasing significantly when fractured vertebrae were the thoracic spine. In addition, osteonecrosis occurred in the preoperative vertebrae and restoration degree of anterior vertebral height immediately after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty affected recompression occurrences significantly. The other factors (age, sex, bone mineral density, steroid medication history, follow-up duration, cement volume, vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, and approach method) were compared, but no statistical significance was found. CONCLUSION: The risk of vertebral recompression is more common, especially when osteonecrosis occurred in preoperative vertebrae or when vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty achieved remarkable restoration of anterior vertebra height. When performing vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, such conditions should be considered carefully.
Bone Density ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kyphoplasty* ; Osteonecrosis ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; Risk Factors ; Spine ; Vertebroplasty*