No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Histamine Release* ; Histamine* ; Mast Cells* ; Rats*

The internal morphology of the right and left atria of rabbit, cat, pig, and human, particularly on the luminal structures of the auricle, were observed by stereomicroscope improving corrosion casting method using latex. Structures of the right auricular casts markedly differ from those of the left side, consisting of defined surface sturctures with distinct folds and branching patterns. The main atrial region consists of smooth surfaced single mass of the latex, and the auricular region is characterized by well developed branching patte and delicate small folds. The results of this study indicate that auricula have well organized duct-like luminal structures and many small pouches (out-pocketings) expanding the internal wall of the duct-like structures and small pouches. The endocardial nuclear imprints on the surface of the folds in the auricular region appeared larger and deeper than those on the atrium proper region of the atrial cast. These morphological observation will be aid in understanding structures of auricular lumen, regional differences of the endocardium and their function to the secretory process of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release.
Animals* ; Cats ; Corrosion Casting* ; Corrosion* ; Endocardium ; Humans ; Latex ; Methods* ; Phenobarbital* ; Secretory Pathway

This experimental studies was to investigate the location of PNS and CNS labeled neurons following injection of 2% WGA-HRP and pseudorabies virus (PRV), beta-galactosidase inserted Bartha strain, into the epididymis of rats. After survival times 4~5 days following injection of 2% WGA-HRP and PRV-Ba-Gal, the rats were perfused, and their brain, spinal cord, sympathetic ganglia and spinal ganglia were frozen sectioned (30 mm). These sections were stained by HRP histochemical and beta-galactosidase histochemical staining methods, and observed with light microscope. The results were as follows : 1. The WGA-HRP labeled sympathetic ganglia projecting to the epididymis were observed in pelvic ganglion and L1-6 lumbar sympathetic ganglia. 2. The WGA-HRP labeled spinal ganglia projecting to the epididymis were observed in L1-6 spinal ganglia. 3. The beta-galactosidase labeled neurons projecting to the epididymis were observed in lamina VII of cervical segments. In thoracic segments, beta-galactosidase labeled neurons were observed in dorsomedial part of lamina I, II and III. Dense labeled neurons were observed in intermediolateral n. and dorsal commissural n.. In lumbar segment, labeled neurons were observed in lamina III, IV, V, dorsal commisural n. and superficial dorsal horn. 4. In the medulla oblongata, beta-galactosidase labeled neurons projecting to the epididymis were observed in the trigeminal spinal n., A1 noradrenalin cells/C1 adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular n., rostroventrolateral reticular n., area postrema, n. tractus solitarius, raphe obscurus n., raphe pallidus n., raphe magnus n., parapyra-midal n., lateral reticular n. and lateral paragigantocellular reticular n.. 5. In the pons, labeled neurons were observed in Kolliker-Fuse n., locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus n. and A5 noradrenalin cells. 6. In midbrain, labeled neurons were observed in periaqueductal gray substance, retrorubral n., substantia nigra and dorsal raphe n.. 7. In the diencephalon, labeled neurons were observed in paraventricular hypothalamic n., lateral hypothalamic nucleus., medial preoptic n. and retrochiasmatic n.. These results suggest that WGA-HRP labeled neurons of the spinal cord projecting to the rat epididymis might be the first-order neurons related to the viscero-somatic sensory and sympathetic postganglionic neurons, and beta-galactosidase labeled neurons of the brain and spinal cord may be the second and third-order neurons response to the movement of vascular smooth muscle in epididymis. These beta-galactosidase labeled neurons may be central autonomic center related to the integration and modulation of reflex control linked to the sensory and motor system monitoring the internal environment. These observations provide evidence for previously unknown projections from epididymis to spinal cord and brain which may be play an important neuroanatomical basic evidence in the regulation of epididymal function.
Animals ; Area Postrema ; beta-Galactosidase ; Brain ; Diencephalon ; Epididymis* ; Ganglia, Spinal ; Ganglia, Sympathetic ; Ganglion Cysts ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid* ; Horns ; Hypothalamic Area, Lateral ; Locus Coeruleus ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata ; Mesencephalon ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Neural Pathways* ; Neurons ; Periaqueductal Gray ; Pons ; Pseudorabies* ; Rats* ; Reflex ; Spinal Cord ; Substantia Nigra ; Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugate*

No abstract available.
Hypercalciuria*

PURPOSE: Ulrasound-quided percutaneous renal biopsy in useful in diagnosis of renal diseases and assessment of progression. We performaed 420 cases of percutaneous renal biopsy in children since 1980. We analysis the method, results and complications. METHODS: We used modified Vim-Silverman needle or Biopty?gun (pat 4699154, BARD) with Toshiba, 4 MHz GCE-406, aspiration transducer. Sedation was done by demerol(1mg/kg IM) and chlorpromazine(0.6mg/kg IM) 30 minutes before doing biopsy. If needed, general anesthesia was done by ketamine(1mg/kg). RESULTS: Among 420 cases 410 (97.6%) were adequate for diagnosis. There were no life threatening complications such as bleeding or infections. None required blood transfusion or nephrectomy. Two cases developed minor perirenal hematoma, however subsided completely in 2 weeks. The histologic diagnoses in order of frequencies were as follow: MCNS 114(27.1%), IgA nephropathy 88(21.1%), H-S-P nephritis 58(13.8%), MesPGN 22(5.4%), AGN 22(5.4 %),FSGS 19(4.5%). CONCLUSIONS: We recommend renal biopsy with ultrasound localization in children, because it is very safe modality for biopsy.
Anesthesia, General ; Biopsy* ; Blood Transfusion ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Needles ; Nephrectomy ; Nephritis ; Transducers ; Ultrasonography

Form March 1982 to December 1991, 110 cases of typical post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and 25 cases of Atypical acute glomerulonephritis were clinically investigated at Department of pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, and following Data were obtained. 1) Male to Femal ratio was 1.8:1 (Atypical AGN). peak incidence was from 7 to 12 years. 2) The most common preceding infections were upper respiratory infection, unknown, cervical lymphadenitis, scarlet fever, Incubation periods were mostly from 1 to 2 weeks. 3) The most common chief complaints were edema, gross hematuria, oliguria, headache. 4) The most common physical findings were facial edema, hypertension, pharyngeal injection. 5) There were significant difference between atypical AGN and typical PSGN in the BUN and WBC (P<0.05, p<0.1). Also there were significant difference between typical PSGN and atypical AGN in the ESR (P<0.1). 6) Treatment regimens were penicilline, dipyridamole, anti-hypertensive agents. 7) Complete recovery occurs in most of most of patients within 1 year.
Antihypertensive Agents ; Dipyridamole ; Edema ; Glomerulonephritis* ; Headache ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Lymphadenitis ; Male ; Oliguria ; Pediatrics ; Penicillins ; Scarlet Fever

Glutamate is an amino acid neurotransmitter capable of producing widespread receptor-mediated neuronal excitation. In this experiment, we examined the effect of saline, monosodium glutamate (MSG), phenylalanine and MSG-phenylalanine treatment on TH immunoreactivity in area postrema (AP) of medulla oblangata. An immunocytochemical method was used to visualize catecholaminergic neurons in the AP. Damage of TH neurons in the AP of adult Sprague-Dawley rats was induced by injection of MSG (4 mg/g bw) and was decreased by administration of MSG following phenylalanine treatment (15 mg/g bw). We conclude that phenylalanine protect from the neuroexcitotoxic effect of systemic glutamate.
Adult ; Animals ; Area Postrema* ; Glutamic Acid ; Humans ; Neurons ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Phenylalanine* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Glutamate*

OBJECTIVE: Perinatal infarcts are an important cause of neonatal neurologic morbidity accounting up to 10~20% of neonatal seizures and annual incidence rate is about one in 4,000 live births. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical presentation, course, radiologic and Electroencephlogram (EEG) findings and to evaluate the neurologic outcome of cerebral infarcts. METHODS: Between January 2000 to May 2004, 8 of 40,204 delivered newborns (0.02%) were diagnosed as having cerebral infarcts. The clinical presentation, course, radiologic and EEG findings were characterized by retrospective chart review and neurological outcome was evaluated by neurological examination and developmental test (Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II) at out-patient department. RESULTS: There were 5 males and 3 females. Six cases of them were full term, and other 2 cases were near-term neonates. Five cases presented neonatal seizure and 3 presented apnea or respiratory distress. All cases showed abnormal finding in the cranial ultrasonography that was performed immediately after the first symptoms. After then, diagnosis of cerebral infarct was confirmed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Abnormal EEG finding was found in the 4 cases and a correlation between the location of these abnormalities and cerebral infarcts existed. The location of infarct was on the left hemisphere in five of the 8 cases and predominantly in the distribution of the middle cerebral artery. 7 cases were followed and the mean duration of follow up was 17 months (range 3~42 months). Neurologic outcome was normal in 3 cases and abnormal in 4 cases. Mild hemiparesis was present in 3 cases and recurrent epilepsy in 1 case. Developmental test was performed in 4 cases, all of them were normal. CONCLUSION: Neonatal seizure is an important presentation as the first sign of perinatal infarcts and cranial ultrasound can be used for initial evaluation of these perinatal infarcts. Neuological sequelae remains over half of the patients. Performing long term follow-up study of large cohort study is needed.
Apnea ; Cohort Studies ; Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Live Birth ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Neurologic Examination ; Outpatients ; Paresis ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Ultrasonography ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVE: Cytomegalovirus(CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection with diverse clinical features according to the age of hosts. This study was done to evaluate clinical manifestations and complications in congenital CMV infection. METHODS: Between October 2000 and September 2001, 10 cases of congenital CMV infection were diagnosed by urine culture within 2 weeks after birth. Demographic data, clinical and laboratory findings were collected from maternal and newborn hospital records. RESULTS: There were 7 males and 3 females. Average gestational age was 38+0 weeks(34+2-41+1), average birth weight was 2462+/-598.2g(1670-3360) and 5 cases were small for gestational age. Average head circumference was 31.9+/-1.8cm(29-34.3). There were 4 cases of microcephaly, 6 cases of petechiae, 3 cases of leukocytopenia, 6 cases of thrombocytopenia. There was no case showing hepatomegaly, hepatic dysfunction, or pathologic jaundice. 4 cases showed physiologic jaundice. IgM level was elevated in 5 out of 9 cases. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was positive in 7 cases. All cases showed germinal matrix hemorrhage and septated cysts on cranial ultrasonography. 1 case showed cerebral calcification. 1 case showed bilateral sensorineural hearing loss on brainstem auditory evoked potentials(BAEP). There was no case showing chorioretinitis on fundoscopy. CONCLUSION: There were diverse clinical manifestations in CMV infection in neonates. All cases showed germinal matrix hemorrhage and septated cysts. When we find these findings, we should consider the possibility of CMV infection. One patient developed bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, so its early detection and follow-up might be necessary.
Birth Weight ; Brain Stem ; Chorioretinitis ; Cytomegalovirus Infections* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Head ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatomegaly ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; Infant, Newborn* ; Jaundice ; Leukopenia ; Male ; Microcephaly ; Parturition ; Purpura ; Thrombocytopenia ; Ultrasonography