No abstract available.
Sterilization, Tubal*

There has been so much controversies about the position of upper and lower jaws, and their first permanent molars in normal occlusion and Angle's class I,II,III malocclusions. So, the purpose of this study is to compare the position of upper and lower jaws, and their first molars in normal occlusion and Angle's class IIIIII malocclusions by lateral cephalometric analysis. The sample consisted of one hundred and twenty girls(thirty in each group) who had completed growth. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. In class I malocclusion, both maxilla and mandible were slightly posterior position than normal occlusion, but they showed harmonious relationship. 2. In class II malocclusion, the mandible was greatly retruded, and the maxilla was also slightly retruded to the cranial base as compared with normal occlusion. 3. In class III malocclusion, the maxilla was significantly retruded to the cranial base, but no significant difference was found in mandibular position as compared with normal occlusion. 4. The maxillary first molar was located at posterior position in class II malocclusion, and anterior position in class III malocclusion to the cranium, so that the rotation of mandible was influenced by that. 5. The mandibular first molar showed constant relationship to the mandible in all four groups, but different position to the cranial base in direct proportion to the mandibular position. 6. On the treatment planning of class II malocclusion, it seems to be better to promote the mandibular horizontal growth by inhibiting the vertical growth of maxillary molar area, and on the treatment planning of class III malocclusion, it seems to be better to promote the antero-inferior growth of maxilla and to promote the mandibular vertical growth by inducing the vertical growth of maxillary molar area.
Jaw* ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar* ; Skull ; Skull Base

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the most prominent health-related behaviors impacting the academic performance of Korean adolescents. METHODS: The 2012 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey data were analyzed using an ordinal regression analysis after adjusting for general and other health behaviors. RESULTS: Before adjustment, all health behaviors were significantly associated with academic performance. After adjustment for other health behaviors and confounding factors, only smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.98, 2.16), p < .001], alcohol consumption [OR = 1.22, 95% CI (1.18, 1.27), p < .001], and physical activity [OR = 1.09, 95% CI (1.06, 1.13), p < .001] were associated with lower academic performance, and engaging in a regular diet [OR = 0.65, 95% CI (0.65, 0.62), p < .001] was associated with higher academic performance. CONCLUSIONS: Regular diet, reducing smoking and alcohol drinking, and physical activity should be the target when designing health interventions for improving academic performance in Korean adolescents.
*Achievement ; Adolescent ; Alcohol Drinking/psychology ; Diet/psychology ; Educational Status ; Exercise/psychology ; Female ; *Health Behavior ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Republic of Korea ; Smoking/psychology ; Social Class

The purpose of this experiment was to examine the histological changes and the pattern of expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and type I collagen in the elongated bone affected by osteodistraction of the mandibular body in an adult canine model. Seven adult male mongrel dogs weighing over 20kg were used for this experiment. The author excluded 3 animals because they died before the planned time of sacrifice. The custom-made linear extraoral device and 4 bicortical fixation screws 2.3mm in diameter, 50mm in total length, 15mm in screw length were used in each animal. The distal part of the distractor produced a 0.75mm gap between proximal and distal bony segments every 360 degrees.turn of the rotation rod of the device. The mandibular body of the right side from each animal was experimental side and the left side was left intact and served as control. At the experimental side, the mandibular body was osteotomized. After 5-day latency period, the segments were distracted with a rate of 1.1mm/day and a rhythm of two/day for ensuing 7 days. The animals were sacrificed at the 4th. 17th, and 32th day after the end of the distraction. The bony specimens were decalcified, embedded in paraffin, sectioned 5micrometerthick and stained with Masson trichrome and examined under the light microscope. The immunohistochemical examinations using anti-PCNA antibody and anti-type-I collagen antibody were performed to examine the pattern of the expression of PCNA and type I collagen, respectively, . RESULTS: 1. The mean increment of the distance between the proximal and distal screw-holding parts of the distractor was 6.8mm. The average elongation of the mandible in the expermental side was 5.3mm. The loss of elongation was 1.5mm in average. 2. New bone was already observed at the 4th. day after the end of distraction. But, bony union was not completed in the distraction gap at the 32th. day after the end of distraction by radiographic and microscopic examinations. 3. The expression rate of PCNA positive cells in the distraction gap had a tendency of decrease from 35.1-68.8% initially, to 49.1%, and finally to 17.6-27.2%. But at the final period, the tissue of the elongated gap still had the ability of cell proliferation. On the other hand, the expression of PCNA positive cells in the control side were negligible through the experimental period. 4. PCNA positive cells were observed primarily both at the central fibrous zone and at the region of just adjacent to CFZ which initiated new bone formation. 5. The expression pattern of the type I collagen was not zone-specific. They were observed diffusely throughout the elongation gap. 6. The predominant mechanism of new bone formation in the distraction gap was intramembranous. But, some of the regenerated bone was formed by endochondral ossification.
Adult* ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen ; Collagen Type I* ; Dogs* ; Hand ; Humans ; Latency Period (Psychology) ; Male ; Mandible* ; Osteogenesis ; Paraffin ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen*

BACKGROUND: Vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy is a major dose limiting side effect and thus effective therapeutic strategy is required. In this study, we investigated the antinociceptive effect of memantine and morphine on a vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy model in rats. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-240 g were used in all experiments. Rats subsequently received daily intraperitoneal injections of either vincristine sulfate (0.1 ml/kg/day) or saline (0.1 ml/kg/day) over 12 days, immediately following behavioral testing. For assessment of mechanical allodynia, mechanical stimuli using von Frey filament was applied to the paw to measure withdrawal threshold. The effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors antagonist (memantine; 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal), opioid agonist (morphine; 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal) and vehicle (saline) on vicristine-induced neuropathy were evaluated. RESULTS: Mechanical allodynia developed over the course of ten daily injections of vincristine relative to groups receiving saline at the same time. Morphine abolished the reduction in paw withdrawal threshold compared to vehicle and produced dose-responsiveness. Only the highest dose of memantine (10 mg/kg) was able to increase paw withdrawal threshold compared to vehicle. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic morphine and memantine have an antinociceptive effect on the vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy model in rats. These results suggest morphine and memantine may be an alternative approach for the treatment of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathic pain.
Animals ; Humans ; Hyperalgesia ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Memantine ; Morphine ; Neuralgia ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; Vincristine

In monolayer culture, articular chondrocytes are well known to proliferate and dedifferentiate by seum and transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-beta). These dedifferentiated cells regain the ability to express type II collagen in alginate bead culture. In this study, the effects of human serum and TGF-beta on the proliferation and phenotypical change of human chondrocytes were examined in both monolayer and alginate bead culture. Proliferation was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation and cell counting, chondrocytic phenotype by Western blot analysis of type II collagen expression, and proteoglycan synthesis by dimethylmethylene blue assay. Both human serum and TGF-beta synergistically increased the proliferation of chondrocytes in monolayer culture. Human serum had effect to maintain the type II collagen expression, even with enhanced level, in monolayer culture and showed redifferentiation in alginate culture, similar to fetal bovine serum control. TGF-beta enhanced the production of proteoglycan in monolayer culture. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that human serum and TGF-beta could be used as potent additives to increase chondrocyte proliferation and maintain its phenotype.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Count ; Chondrocytes* ; Collagen Type II ; Humans* ; Phenotype ; Proteoglycans ; Transforming Growth Factor beta*

This study was initiated to investigate the effect of ultrasound(US) stimulation on therapeutic effects on human osteoarthritic cartilage repair. Cartilage explants from human osteoarthritic knee were sonicated for 10 minutes every day using continuous wave at frequency 1 MHz US signals with spatial and temporal average intensities of 0, 40, 200, 500 and 700mW/cm2. One group of explants was exposed to sham ultrasound as a control. After 1 week of culture, the intensity-dependent effects of US on DNA, proteoglycan (PG) and collagen synthesis were measured by 3H-thymidine, 35S-sulfate, 3H-proline incorporation, respectively. The expression of PG and type II collagen released into medium were measured by DMB (dimethylmethylene blue) method and western blot analysis. Safranin O/fast green and immunohistochemical staining with anti-collagen type II antibody were performed using the serial sections of cartilage explants. The histochemical examination showed that the expression of PG at the pericellular area in the deep layer increased continuously up to 700mW/cm2. In contrast, the depth of the superficial layer significantly decreased after treatment of sonication at 500 and 700mW/cm2. The expression of PG and type II collagen assessed by the isotope incorporation was significantly enhanced to the level up to 140%, 120% respectively, although US had no stimulatory effect on cell proliferation. These results suggest that optimum intensity of US for the effective expression of extracellular matrix in osteoarthritic cartilage may be around 200mW/cm2. In conclusion, our study suggests the possibilities that sonication may be therapeutically utilized for the repair of human osteoarthritic cartilage.
Blotting, Western ; Cartilage* ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen ; Collagen Type II ; DNA ; Extracellular Matrix ; Humans* ; Knee ; Osteoarthritis* ; Proteoglycans ; Sonication* ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: We compared the effects of different remifentanil effect-site concentrations on intubating conditions, and cardiovascular and bispectral index score (BIS) responses to intubation at a fixed effect-site concentration of propofol without muscle relaxants. METHODS: Sixty-four patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: remifentanil 2 (group R2, n = 22), 4 (group R4, n = 21), or 6 ng/ml (group R6, n = 21). Anesthesia was induced using target-controlled infusion of propofol 5 microgram/ml and each concentration of remifentanil. Laryngoscopy and intubation was attempted at 2.5 min following induction. Intubating conditions were assessed as excellent, good or poor using a standard scoring system. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and BIS values were assessed. RESULTS: Excellent or good intubating conditions were obtained in 91% of group R4 and 95% of R6, both of which are higher compared with 32% of R2 (P < 0.01). MAP and HR decreased significantly after induction in all groups. After intubation, they recovered to baseline value in group R2 and R4 but were significantly less than baseline values in R6. BIS response to intubation was attenuated in group R4 and R6 but not R2. Hypotension was more frequent in group R6 than R2. CONCLUSIONS: Remifentanil target concentrations of 4 or 6 ng/ml combined with 5 microgram/ml propofol provided good or excellent conditions for tracheal intubation and prevented cardiovascular and BIS response during induction without muscle relaxants. However, the use of 6 ng/ml dose was associated with frequent occurrence of hypotension and bradycardia requiring treatment.
Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Intubation ; Laryngoscopy ; Muscles ; Piperidines ; Propofol

The purpose of this study was to investigate a possibility of chronic or intermittent bacteremia in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliance. Orthodontic patients who had been injured by orthodontic appliances and/or suffered from gingivitis were selected. They had not taken any antibiotics for 1 month. The number of subjects were 21 including 7 males and 14 females. Blood samples of the subjects were cultured and, IgG, IgA and IgM levels in the serum were quantified. The author found following results. 1. No bacterial growth was found in 7-day culture of all the samples. 2. The immunoglobulin levels in serum were confined in normal range. 3. This study could not deny the possibility of transient bacteremia episode undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteremia* ; Female ; Gingivitis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulins ; Male ; Orthodontic Appliances ; Reference Values

Neurolymphomatosis, defined as a selective infiltration of lymphoma cells into cranial nerves, peripheral nerves and nerve roots, is a rarely recognized manifestation of lymphoma. Its characteristic symptoms are often overlooked or mistaken for other conditions, such as a peripheral polyneuropathy, due to chemotherapeutic agents or clinical findings of metastatic lesions in the central nervous system. Recently, neurolymphomatosis has been increasingly recognized using magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-computed tomography. We present a case of neurolymphomatosis manifesting as peripheral mononeuropathy in a patient with T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Animals ; Central Nervous System ; Cranial Nerves ; Electrons ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Marek Disease ; Mononeuropathies ; Peripheral Nerves ; Polyneuropathies ; T-Lymphocytes