Incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger's disease) is an X-linked dominantly inherited disorder which is usually lethal in hemizygous males, but rarely found in male infants. It can be explained by the presence of an extra X chromosome (Klinefelter's syndrome), hypomorphic mutations, and somatic mosaicism. We herein report a rare case of incontinentia pigmenti with typical course of skin manifestation in normal karyotype (46, XY) male infant.
Humans ; Incontinentia Pigmenti ; Infant ; Karyotype ; Male ; Mosaicism ; Skin Manifestations ; X Chromosome

Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (JLIS) is a well-known but poorly understood disorder. Some doubt still exists about whether it is a distinct disease or a variant of lupus erythematosus or, less commonly, polymorphous light eruption, cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. An effective therapy is still unavailable for JLIS. We report a patient with JLIS which was successfully treated with dapsone and intermittent systemic glucocorticoid therapy.
Dapsone ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Light ; Skin

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a painful, chronic, ulcerating skin disease associated with a wide variety of disorders, including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and Behcet's disease. Etiology of pyoderma gangrenosum is unknown but the lesions frequently appear at points of trauma and it is related with pathergy. We report a case of post-traumatic pyoderma gangrenosum occurring in ulcerative colitis with a review of the literature.
Colitis, Ulcerative ; Crohn Disease ; Pyoderma ; Pyoderma Gangrenosum ; Skin Diseases ; Ulcer

BACKGROUND: For the early detection and prevention of diabetic neuropathy, it is important to identify subclinical diabetic neuropathies. A routine nerve conduction study often fails to detect the early stages of neuropathy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical usefulness of electrophysiological indexes including the residual latency(RL), terminal latency index (TLI) and modified F ratio (MFR) in detecting early diabetic neuropathy with no objective clinical or electrophysiological abnormalities. METHODS: A nerve conduction study of the upper/lower limbs was investigated in 38 subclinical diabetic neuropathy patients with normal nerve conduction studies (group I), 35 clinical diabetic neuropathy patients with normal nerve conduction studies (group II) and 31 normal controls. RL, TLI and MFR were calculated and compared among the groups. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the MFR of the lower limbs and TLI of both the upper/lower limbs were significantly decreased in both group I and II (p<0.05). RL was increased in both groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. Comparing the indexes between group I and II, there was no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: RL, TLI and MFR are useful indexes for reflecting distal conduction slowing especially in slowly progressing polyneuropathies such as diabetic neuropathy. The results also suggest that electrophysiological changes veiled in a routine nerve conduction study were present before the clinical manifestations.
Diabetic Neuropathies* ; Extremities ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Neural Conduction* ; Polyneuropathies

Plasmodium vivax is more challenging to control and eliminate than P. falciparum due to its more asymptomatic infections with low parasite densities making diagnosis more difficult, in addition to its unique biological characteristics. The potential re-introduction of incidence cases, either through borders or via human migrations, is another major hurdle to sustained control and elimination. The Republic of Korea has experienced re-emergence of vivax malaria in 1993 but is one of the 32 malaria-eliminating countries to-date. Despite achieving successful nationwide control and elimination of vivax malaria, the evolutionary characteristics of vivax malaria isolates in the Republic of Korea have not been fully understood. In this review, we present an overview of the genetic variability of such isolates to increase understanding of the epidemiology, diversity, and dynamics of vivax populations in the Republic of Korea.
Asymptomatic Infections ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiology ; Genetic Variation ; Human Migration ; Incidence ; Korea ; Malaria ; Malaria, Vivax ; Parasites ; Plasmodium vivax ; Plasmodium ; Population Characteristics ; Republic of Korea

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Laterally spreading tumors (LST) were growthed along the colonic wall. These tumors were high malignant potential compared to colon polyp. We analyzed clinicopathological characteristics of these tumors. METHODS: From June 1996 to June 2001, twenty nine patients were diagnosed by colonoscopy. These lesions were classificated macroscopic (granular type and nongranular type) and microscopic findings. RESULTS: 20 male and 9 female were enrolled (mean age, 68.1). Among the LST, 41.4% were 20~30 mm in diameter, and 7% were larger than 30 mm. According to macroscopic findings granular types were 72.4% (21/29) and nongranular types were 27.6% (8/29). In macroscopic findings, tubular types were 48.4% (14/29), malignant changes were 31.3% (9/29). Tumor size was only significant factor in malignant potential of LST (p=0.004). Endoscopic mucosal resection was performed in 72.4% (21/29), operation in 8 (27.6%). Rate of submucosal invasion in LST was 3.4% (1/29, sm1). Recurrent rate of endoscopic treatment group was 9.5% (2/21). CONCLUSIONS: Most of LST were good indication for endoscopic treatment, but larger tumor size and irregular surface of tumor were suspected to be submucosal invasion. Therefore these lesions were performed other procedures as endoscopic ultrasound or computerized tomography for invasion depth.
Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Polyps ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: In order to improve MRI volumetry of hippocampus, we obtained the Longitudinal Regional Volume Curve (LRVC) of hippocampi and compared the sensitivity of LRVC with those of conventional hippocampal volume-tries (total and regional) in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). METHODS: Thirty-eight normal subjects and 24 TLE patients were included in this study. The pathology of all patients showed hippocampal sclerosis. The volume of the hippocampus was measured by a manual tracing in 3 mm-thickness coronal MRI slices perpendicular to the long axis of the hippocampus and a three-dimensional reconstruction. Total volume and regional volumes (anterior, middle, and posterior 1/3) of the right and left hippocampi were measured. Then, the focal hippocampal volume of each of the coronal slices (3 mm) was plotted in a X-Y graph to obtain LRVC. The presence and pattern of HA were determined in LRVC. RESULTS: The mean volume of right hippocampus (2512+/-629 mm3) was bigger than that of the left one (2262.6+/-563.2 mm3) in normal subjects. The normal range of right-left total volume difference was 3.6~495.2 mm3. The sensitivities of conventional volumetry, regional volumetry, and LRVC were 66.7%, 75%, and 83.3%, respectively. Eleven patients showed diffuse HA (11/20, 55.0%) and nine had focal HA (9/20, 45.0%). In focal HA, the middle and posterior HA were more frequent (6/9, 66.7%) than anterior HA. CONCLUSIONS: LRVC improved the sensitivity of MRI volumetry in detecting hippocampal sclerosis and could reveal the pattern (diffuse or focal) of HA. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(2):125~131, 2001)
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Pathology ; Reference Values ; Sclerosis* ; Temporal Lobe*

BACKGROUND: In order to improve MRI volumetry of hippocampus, we obtained the Longitudinal Regional Volume Curve (LRVC) of hippocampi and compared the sensitivity of LRVC with those of conventional hippocampal volume-tries (total and regional) in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). METHODS: Thirty-eight normal subjects and 24 TLE patients were included in this study. The pathology of all patients showed hippocampal sclerosis. The volume of the hippocampus was measured by a manual tracing in 3 mm-thickness coronal MRI slices perpendicular to the long axis of the hippocampus and a three-dimensional reconstruction. Total volume and regional volumes (anterior, middle, and posterior 1/3) of the right and left hippocampi were measured. Then, the focal hippocampal volume of each of the coronal slices (3 mm) was plotted in a X-Y graph to obtain LRVC. The presence and pattern of HA were determined in LRVC. RESULTS: The mean volume of right hippocampus (2512+/-629 mm3) was bigger than that of the left one (2262.6+/-563.2 mm3) in normal subjects. The normal range of right-left total volume difference was 3.6~495.2 mm3. The sensitivities of conventional volumetry, regional volumetry, and LRVC were 66.7%, 75%, and 83.3%, respectively. Eleven patients showed diffuse HA (11/20, 55.0%) and nine had focal HA (9/20, 45.0%). In focal HA, the middle and posterior HA were more frequent (6/9, 66.7%) than anterior HA. CONCLUSIONS: LRVC improved the sensitivity of MRI volumetry in detecting hippocampal sclerosis and could reveal the pattern (diffuse or focal) of HA. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(2):125~131, 2001)
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Pathology ; Reference Values ; Sclerosis* ; Temporal Lobe*

The metric parameters including Martin's (#41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51, 52, 53) and non -Martin's parameters (nasion - occipital length, glabella -occipital length, nasion -inion length, glabella -lambda length, basion -nasion length, biauricular breadth, biasterion breadth, porion -bregma height, porion -vertex height, frontal arc, frontal chord, parietal arc, parietal chord, occipital arc, occipital chord, mastoid height, mastoid width, basion -prosthion length, internal palate length, internal palate breadth, external palate length, external palate breadth) were measured on 61 Korean skulls (M47, F14) with cephalometry (GPM Co., Swiss) and calipers (GPM Co., Swiss, Mitutoyo Co, Japan). Using the metric data of 35 parameteres, the statistic procedure (descriptive statistics, t -test, paired t -test, discrimination process, group analysis) was performed. Among those parameters, 28 parameters have the statistic significance in group analysis. The 2 clustering was most appropriate.
Cephalometry ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Group Processes ; Mastoid ; Palate ; Rabeprazole ; Sexism ; Skull*

The present study was performed to survey the infection status of zoonotic intestinal trematode (ZIT) in stray cats from 5 major riverside areas in the Republic of Korea. Total 400 stray cats were captured with live-traps in riverside areas of Seomjingang (\'gang' means river) (203 cats) from June to October 2010, and of Yeongsangang (41), Nakdonggang (57), Geumgang (38), and Hangang (61 cats) from June to October 2011, respectively. Small intestines resected from cats were opened with a pair of scissors in a beaker with 0.85% saline and examined with naked eyes and under a stereomicroscope. More than 16 ZIT species were detected in 188 (92.6%) cats from Seomjingang areas, and the number of worms recovered was 111 per cat infected. In cats from riverside areas of Yeongsangang, Nakdonggang, Geumgang, and Hangang, more than 9, 8, 3, and 5 ZIT species were recovered, and the worm burdens were 13, 42, 11, and 56 specimens per infected cat, respectively. As the members of family Heterophyidae, more than 10 species, i.e., Metagonimus spp., Pygidiopsis summa, Heterophyes nocens, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Heterophyopsis continua, Acanthotrema felis, Centrocestus armatus, Procerovum varium, Cryptocotyle concava, and Stictodora lari, were recovered. More than 5 species of echinostomes, i.e., Echinostoma hortense, Echinochasmus japonicus, Echinochasmus sp., Echinoparyphium sp., and unidentified larval echinostomes, were collected. Plagiorchis spp. were detected in cats from areas of Seomjin-gang and Yeongsangang. From the above results, it has been confirmed that stray cats in 5 major riverside areas of Korea are highly infected with various species of ZITs.
Animals ; Cat Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology ; Cats ; Female ; Male ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Trematoda/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Trematode Infections/epidemiology/parasitology/*veterinary ; Zoonoses/epidemiology/*parasitology