To know the amplification pattern according to relative concentration ratio in mixed samples, two STRloci, vwF locus and MBP locus and two VNTR loci, D1S80 locus and d17S5 locus were amplified in DNA with various concentration of two individuals were easily identified. But when the concentration of one person were lowered to 1/20-1/40 of the other's the intensity of product bands diminshed and hardly discernible. Also different amplification efficiency according to the template length was noted, especially in VNTR loci. Using automatic sequencer and RFLP scan program, the intensity OD of each PCR product band could be calculated, and this correlates the felative amplification efficiency of each allele. By using this we could construct quantitative PCR for the mixed samples. This could be used in practical case work for forensic purpose, and also be a valuable candidate for 'chimerism detection' in case of bone marrow transplatation.
Alleles ; Bone Marrow ; DNA ; Humans ; Minisatellite Repeats ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is crucial for many biological processes such as embryogenesis, cyclic changes in the endometrium and wound healing. It is also critical for the growth, invasion and metastasis of solid tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) acts as a mitogen for endothelial cells and is expressed by the presence of various tumor cells. The objective of this study is to evaluate if angiogenesis is involved in the mouse skin carcinogenesis and if VEGF is related to angiogenesis. METHODS: We induced premalignant and malignant lesions on mouse (BALB/c) skin using the two stage chemical carcinogenesis moedl, DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene) initiation and TPA (tetra decanoyl-phorbol-acetate) promotion. And we analysed the microvessel densities (MVD) and expression of VEGF in various stages of premalignant and malignant lesions by immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS: Squamous papillomas, keratoacanthoma, dermatofibroma, and squamous cell carcinomas were developed in 20 weeks. There were no differences in the incidence of benign and malignant tumors between 10-week and 20-week promotion groups. There were significant increases in MVD from normal and hyperplastic skin through premalignant lesion to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (p<0.0005). But the degree of VEGF expression neither correlated with neither MVD nor the tumor groups. CONCLUSIONS: Increased angiogenesis begins from the hyperplastic stage. VEGF produced by tumor cells may not play major roles in the angiogenesis in the two stage chemical carcinogenesis model of the mouse skin.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Animals ; Biological Processes ; Carcinogenesis* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Embryonic Development ; Endometrium ; Endothelial Cells ; Female ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous ; Incidence ; Keratoacanthoma ; Mice* ; Microvessels ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Papilloma ; Pregnancy ; Skin* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A* ; Wound Healing

PURPOSE: To report the surgical results of unilateral pediatric cataracts from uncertain causes in relatively older children and to identify factors related to better visual outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 39 patients who underwent surgery between the ages of 3 and 10 years for unilateral pediatric cataracts of no known cause. All patients underwent primary intraocular lens implantation and postoperative amblyopia treatment. A postoperative final visual acuity better than 20 / 30 was considered to be a good visual outcome. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 6.0 ± 1.8 years at the time of surgery. The mean preoperative visual acuity was 1.07 ± 0.71 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (range, 0.15 to 3.00), while the mean final postoperative visual acuity was 0.47 ± 0.54 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (range, 0.00 to 2.00). Of 39 patients, 18 (46.2%) achieved a good visual outcome. Only the preoperative visual acuity maintained a significant association with a good visual outcome according to our multivariate analysis (p = 0.040). A preoperative visual acuity of 20 / 100 or better was found to increase the chance of achieving a good visual outcome by 13.79-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 167.58). CONCLUSIONS: The visual outcome of unilateral pediatric cataract surgery for cataracts with no specific cause identified in patients after three years of age could be satisfactory, especially with a preoperative visual acuity of 20 / 100 or better.
Amblyopia ; Cataract* ; Child ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Phacoemulsification ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: New methods of ventilation are devised to minimize airway pressure increase because high pressure ventilation might result in barotrauma and hemodynamic compromise. Intratracheal pulmonary ventilation(ITPV) was developed to allow a decrease in physiological dead space during mechanical ventilation. ITPV can be applied broadly when it combined with pressure controlled ventilation(PCV) to make a hybrid ventilation(HV). We intended to compare the respiratory effect of HV with volume controlled ventilation(VCV) and PCV. METHODS: Oleic acid of 0.06 ml/kg was injected to induce acute respiratory failure in rabbits. To reduce anatomic dead space, a reverse thrust catheter(RTC) was introduced into an endotracheal tube(ETT) through an adapter and positioned just above the carina inside the ETT. VCV and PCV were compared with HV by measuring peak inspiratory pressure(PIP) and dead space(VD) at various respiratory rates(RR) from 20 breaths/min to 120 breaths/min. Gas flowed through the RTC at the flow rate of 1 liter/min during HV. RESULTS: The values of VD of VCV were 37+/-10 ml, 29+/-11 ml, 23+/-5 ml, and 18+/-3 ml at respiratory rate of 20 breaths/min, 40 breaths/min, 80 breaths/min and 120 breaths/min, respectively. The values of VD of PCV were 33+/-6 ml, 28+/-7 ml, 23+/-5 ml, and 18+/-3 ml, respectively. The values of VD of HV were 25+/-13 ml, 15+/-8 ml, 9+/-5 ml, and 8+/-4 ml, respectively. The VD of HV were significantly lower than those of VCV and PCV at the same RR. The PIP was lower in HV than in VCV and PCV at the same RR. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that HV, as a modification of ITPV, can be applied to acute respiratory failure in rabbits to minimize airway pressures and dead space of mechanical ventilation.
Barotrauma ; Hemodynamics ; Oleic Acid ; Pulmonary Ventilation* ; Rabbits* ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Insufficiency* ; Respiratory Rate ; Ventilation

No abstract available.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation* ; Plasma* ; Scrub Typhus*

Symptoms of deep cerebral vein thrombosis (DCVT) are variable and nonspecific. Radiologic findings are essential for the diagnoses. In the majority of cases of deep internal cerebral venous thrombosis, the thalamus is affected bilaterally, and venous hypertension by thrombosis causes parenchymal edema or venous infarction and may sometimes cause venous hemorrhage. Intravenous injections of mannitol can be administered or decompressive craniectomy can be performed for reduction of intracranial pressure. The objectives of antithrombotic treatment in DCVT include recanalization of the sinus or vein, and prevention of propagation of the thrombus. Herein, the authors report DCVT which was successfully treated by low molecular weight heparin.
Brain Edema ; Cerebral Infarction ; Cerebral Veins ; Decompressive Craniectomy ; Edema ; Hemorrhage ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; Hypertension ; Infarction ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intracranial Pressure ; Intracranial Thrombosis ; Mannitol ; Thalamus ; Thrombosis ; Veins ; Venous Thrombosis

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate of course of delivery & perinatal outcomes for postterm pregnancy compared with fullterm pregnancy. METHODS: This study included 360 cases of postterm pregnancy out of 16,992 cases delivered at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 1997. 16,143 cases of full term deliveries of 38 to 42 gestational weeks conducted in same period were used as the control group. Postterm pregnancy was defined as a pregnancy that it exceeds 295 days calculated from first day of the last menstrual period. RESULTS: The incidence of postterm pregnancy was 2.13% with the highest incidence occurring in the 26 ~30 years age group. This study group was significantly different from the control group in the incidence of fetal distress (10.28% vs. 2.20%), large fetus (10.83% vs. 6.95%), perinatal death (1.67% vs. 0.27%). CONCLUSIONS: Adverse perinatal outcomes were increased markedly as the gestational weeks to be prolonged. Therefore, careful prenatal care, accurate determination of delivery date is very important.
Fetal Distress ; Fetus ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Obstetrics ; Pregnancy* ; Prenatal Care

A clinicopathological study was made on 17 case with leukemia cutis diagnosed in a period of 10 years frorn 1980 to 1989 in Seoul Xational University I-lospital. The results were summarized as follows : 1. There were 4 cases with acute lyrnphocytic leukernia, 7 with acute myelocytir. leukemia (AML), 5 with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), 1 with eosinophilic leukemia. 2. The clinical appearance of leukemia cutis included nodules (88.2%), papules, macules, plaques and ulcerative lesions. Leukemia cutis dis not show any discernible clinical qppearance with each different type of leukemia. 3. Leukemia cutis showed a wide spectrum of histopathologic features, diffuse infiltration, patchy infiltration with linear infiltration between collagen bundles, perivascular and peridnexal involvement, perivascular involvement, and mainly subcutaneous tissue involvement. There was no distinctive histopathologic pattern with each different type of leukemia. 4. The demonstration of intracytoplasmic chloroacetate esterase and lysozyme was helpful to refine the diagnosis of leukemia cutis.
Collagen ; Diagnosis ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome ; Leukemia* ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; Muramidase ; Seoul ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Ulcer

No abstract available.
Classification* ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive*

BACKGROUND: Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) partly can be replaced for a role of endotracheal tube intraoperatively. Even with selecting one from various insertion techniques of LMA, one cannot achieve its perfect hypopharyngeal position. Furthermore, which is chosen by most anesthesiologists in this country, use of muscle relaxant for LMA insertion appears to have a harmful effect on its position. We tried to confirm whether we can improve the hypopharyngeal position of LMA with additional elevation of epiglottis using direct laryngoscope during LMA insertion. METHODS: Forty healthy patients scheduled for surgical procedure under general anesthesia were randomly divided to two groups; Laryngoscope group (n=20) and Jaw thrust group (n=20). No premedicant was administered. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental, vecuronium plus 2~3 vol% enflurane in oxygen. Full muscular relaxation was judged by no adductor response of thumb to train-of-four stimuation. In Jaw thrust group, using Brain's standard technique with additional jaw thrust, LMA was inserted, while in Laryngoscope group, LMA was introduced into oral cavity and advanced farther with additional elevation of epiglottis with direct laryngoscope. Bronchoscopic grading of hypopharyngeal position of LMA was performed. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at arrival (control), preintubation and until postintubation 5 minutes at 1 minute interval. Each measured values were compared between groups. RESULTS: Bronchoscopic grade of Laryngoscope group was significantly better than that of Jaw thrust group (p<0.001). Mean arterial pressure and heart rate changes were not different between groups. Conclusion: In the case of LMA insertion using muscle relaxant, we can markedly improve the hypopharyngeal placement of LMA with help of direct laryngoscope.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Enflurane ; Epiglottis ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Jaw ; Laryngeal Masks* ; Laryngoscopes* ; Mouth ; Oxygen ; Relaxation ; Thiopental ; Thumb ; Vecuronium Bromide