No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Malformations ; Neck

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Recent studies suggest that anticoagulation, or antiplatelet therapy is safe and effective for the prevention of cardiogenic embolic stroke. However it has not been studied in Korea how the patients with cardioembolic source were managed in practice for the prevention of stroke. This study was done to assess the current status of primary and secondary prevention of cardioembolic stroke. METHODS: Retrospective study was undertaken in 124 patients with cardiogenic embolic stroke, following items were examined, previous anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy, previous stroke, Insight of the heart disease, and International Normalize Ratio(INR) value on arrival at the hospital. RESULTS: In 124 patients cardioembolic sources were constituted of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in 54, rheumatic heart disease In 40, prosthetic cardiac valve In 14, dilated cardiomyopathy(D-CMP) in 6, left ventricular akinetic segment in 7(including 3 cases of LV thrombi), recent myocardial infarction in 3. In 93 patients with no previous stroke, 44 patients had regular medical follow-up because of his/her cardiac problems and primary prevention of stroke was made only in 12 (27%) patients (8 on anticoagulation and 4 on antiplatelet therapy). The rate of primary prevention varied according to the type of cardioembolic source; 100% with mechanical prosthetic valve, 33.3% with valvular atrial fibrillation, 6.7% with NVAF, and none with D-CMP and bioprosthetic valve. Previous stroke was found in 31 patients, among whom 24 had been followed regularly. Twenty patients(83%) were under secondary prevention of cardioembolic stroke (anticoagulation in 11 and antiplatelet agents in 9). Among 19 patients who developed stroke in spite of anticoagulation, INR values were lower than 1.5 in 12(63%), between 1.5 and 2.0 in 5(26%), and above 2.0 in 2(11%). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that cardioembolic strokes have not been prevented properly. Many physicians seem to be reluctant to anticoagulate their patients with cardioembolic source, and even with anticoaguation the dosage is frequently insufficient to prevent stroke.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Valves ; Humans ; International Normalized Ratio ; Korea ; Myocardial Infarction ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Primary Prevention ; Retrospective Studies ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; Secondary Prevention ; Stroke*

We performed an 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) position emission tomography (PET) in two patients with complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE). Ictal FDG studies usually occur by chance, because of the unpredictable nature of seizures and the short half-life of flourine-18. In addition to that, ictal PET studies are often contaminated by postictal hypometabolism due to the relatively long FDG uptake period. We experienced two patients with prolonged states of mental confusion. During the confused state, eletrophysiologic and neuroimaging studies were done to confirm the diag-nosis of CPSE. Ictal PET studies showed hypermetabolism during status epilepticus compared with interictal PET. There has been no case report about ictal PET in Korea. We present two cases of ictal PET with a review of the literature
Half-Life ; Humans ; Korea ; Neuroimaging ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus*

We performed an 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) position emission tomography (PET) in two patients with complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE). Ictal FDG studies usually occur by chance, because of the unpredictable nature of seizures and the short half-life of flourine-18. In addition to that, ictal PET studies are often contaminated by postictal hypometabolism due to the relatively long FDG uptake period. We experienced two patients with prolonged states of mental confusion. During the confused state, eletrophysiologic and neuroimaging studies were done to confirm the diag-nosis of CPSE. Ictal PET studies showed hypermetabolism during status epilepticus compared with interictal PET. There has been no case report about ictal PET in Korea. We present two cases of ictal PET with a review of the literature
Half-Life ; Humans ; Korea ; Neuroimaging ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus*

Tracheal bronchus is an aberrant bronchus that arises most often from the right tracheal wall above the carina and is the result of an additional tracheal outgrowth early in embryonic life. It; incidence ranges between 0.1 and 5%. This anomaly is usually diagnosed incidentally during bronchoscopy, bronchography or computed tomography. Occasionally, it represents the underlying etiology for chronic pulmonary disease, especially if it involves the right upper lobe and reflects an abnorrnal pulmonary clearing mechanism. The tracheal bronchus may be associated with other bronchopulmonary anomalies, tracheal stenosis, or Down's syndrome. Asymptornatic tracheal bronchus does not require any treatment. In case of tracheal bronchus associated recurrent right upper lobe diseases, tracheal bronchus therapy should include resection of the aberrant bronchus as well as the lob it supplies. (J Korgan Pediatr Soc 2000;43:1501-1504)
Bronchi* ; Bronchography ; Bronchoscopy* ; Down Syndrome ; Equipment and Supplies ; Incidence ; Lung Diseases ; Tracheal Diseases ; Tracheal Stenosis

gamma-Glutamyltransferase(GGT: E.C. 2.3.2.2.) is a glycoprotein enzyme which is involved in glutathione metabolism and amino acid transport through the plasma membrane. It is distributed widely in several organs including liver, kidney, pancrease and brain. GGTs derived from the brain of Wister rats and BALB/c mice were biochemically purified to a specific activity of 4246.2, 862.1 units per mg of protein, a purification folds 93.7, 43.8 and the final yield 65.8, 44.0% respectively. Electrophoretic pattern of purified GGTs from rats and mice brain shows very similar protein fraction each other. We have produced six monoclonal antibodies(GGT-Mab 1-6) against 2-acetamidogluorene treated rat liver GGT. Using these GGT-Mab 1-6 we performed immunohistochemistry(IHC) to study the distribution of GGT isozymes in normal tissues of rat brain and in neoplastic tissues of human brain. The results indicated that human brain GGT was localized in pericytes of blood-brain barrier, especially in the blood-rich portion of the brain(e.g. cerebellum of rat, meningioma and craniopharyngioma of human). Therefore these Maps may be used to evaluate the distribution of GGT isozymes in different tissues.
Animals ; Antibodies* ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Blood-Brain Barrier* ; Brain ; Cell Membrane ; Cerebellum ; Craniopharyngioma ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase* ; Glutathione ; Glycoproteins ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; Kidney ; Liver ; Meningioma ; Metabolism ; Mice ; Pancreas ; Pancrelipase ; Pericytes* ; Rats

Mycobacteria, which are highly successful pathogen, resist delivary to lysosomes and instead survive within a specialized vacuole, the mycobacterial phagosome. The bacteria survive intracellularly because they are able to actively recruit and retain TACO ( tryptophane aspartate-containing coat protein ) at the mycobacterial phagosome, where it prevents lysosomal delivary in a cholesterol-dependent manner. In this study, we investigated the difference of TACO expression is whether related to mutant in coro1a gene in patients with leprosy and normal volunteer. First, we screened for detection of a mutant in the leucine zipper motif within the exon 11, and then in the exon 9 to 10, and finally in the coiled-coil region. Interestingly, single base substitutions ( point mutation ) presents at assembly site of U1 snRNP, around of 5' splice site in the intron 9, there are a C to T and G to A transition are at 9 bp and 14 bp downstream of 5' splice site, respectively, and both of it. Among the 3 types of polymorphism, frequency of a G to A transition is markedly increased in patients of lepromatous type, which are new cases or relapsed. Both a C to T and G to A transitions are found in 1 case of tuberculoid type and 2 cases in lepromatoue type, but not found in control group. The silent mutation in leucine zipper motif within the exon 11 is located at codon at 454 ( CTG-->CTA), which is 1st leucine from C-terminal among four leucine zipper. In coiled-coil region, no mutation is found in genomic DNA of patients with leprosy. Further, we will do functional study about the identified point mutation and will screen any possible mutation in the region of promotor and WD repeat.
Bacteria ; Codon ; DNA ; Exons ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Introns ; Leprosy* ; Leucine ; Leucine Zippers ; Lysosomes ; Phagosomes ; Point Mutation* ; Ribonucleoprotein, U1 Small Nuclear ; RNA Splice Sites ; Tryptophan ; Vacuoles

Coronary involvement of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is rarely identified at premortem. Herein, we report a case of PAN presenting as acute myocardial infarction (MI). A 66-year-old man without previous history of heart disease presented with excruciating substernal chest pain of 3 hours duration. On admission, cardiac enzyme and ECG changes were compatible with acute MI of inferior wall. Emergency coronary angiography showed multiple aneurysmal dilatations of both left and right coronary arteries (RCA) and total occlusion with large thrombi at mid-RCA. After balloon angioplasty and intracoronary urokinase, huge coronary aneurysm was defined at mid-RCA and coronary flow partially improved. The patient was transferred to coronary care unit and continous intravenous heparin infusion was started. On the 7th hospitalization day, the patient was discharged in good condition. Two months later, follow-up coronary angiography showed no significant luminal narrowings in RCA with multiple aneurysmal dilatation, but abdominal angiography revealed multiple aneurysms in right renal and superior mesenteric arteries. These findings were compatible with the diagnosis of PAN. The patient was started on prednisone 60mg once daily and cytoxan 125mg bid. At follow-up 8 month later, there was no recurrence of symptoms.
Aged ; Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Aneurysm ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Care Units ; Coronary Vessels ; Cyclophosphamide ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Diseases ; Heparin ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Phenobarbital ; Polyarteritis Nodosa* ; Prednisone ; Recurrence ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator