No abstract available.
Tinea*

PURPOSE: We investigated the optimal orientation of femoral tunnel in PCL reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five cadaver knees were used for this study. We made the tibial tunnel at the center of foot-print of posterior cruciate ligament, at an angle of 45o to the long axis of the tibia using the Kirschner wire. The femoral tunnel was made 11mm posterior to the articular cartilage margin of medial femoral condyle. The orientation of the femoral tunnel was made on the expolated line between two points, namely the placement of the femoral tunnel on lateral wall of medial femoral condyle and the opening of the tibial tunnel in full extension of knee. We measured the angles between the tunnel and wire on roentgenogram which passed through the femoral and tibial tunnel. RESULT: On the anteroposterior view, the angle of the graft to the long axis of the femur became acute during flexion. The angle of the graft to the long axis of the femur on the coronal plane changed from 12.6o to 154.9o with flexion from 0o to 105o. The angle of the graft to the long axis of the femur on sagittal plane changed from 137.0o to 45.1o with flexion from 0o to 105o. These results suggest that optimal graft-tunnel divergence (GTD) is obtained when the angle of graft to the long axis of the femur are 83.8o on the coronal plane and about 91o on the sagittal plane. CONCLUSION: To obtain optimal orientation of the femoral tunnel, the opening of the femoral tunnel should be located as near as possible to the margin of the articular cartilage of the medial femoral condyle.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cadaver ; Cartilage, Articular ; Femur ; Knee ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Tibia ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Child ; Femoral Fractures ; Humans

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), in general, can be diagnosed by detecting blasts in peripheral blood or bone marrow. Some of the cases of ALL do not show typical leukemic features, and only manifest as refractory anemia, thrombocytopenia, myelofibrosis and lymphocytic infiltration into bone marrow. Several months after presentation, they may reveal typical leukemic features and are diagnosed as ALL. This kind of leukemia is called ALL with aleukemic prodrome. Although the incidence of ALL with aleukemic prodrome is 1.5~2.2% of childhood ALL cases, it is rarely reported in Korea. We experienced a 6 month-old female infant who presented with refactory anemia and thrombocytopenia, and two serial of bone marrow examination revealed only myelofibrosis. She subsequently developed ALL 3 months later. We report this case with a brief review of related literatures.
Anemia ; Anemia, Refractory ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Marrow Examination ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Korea ; Leukemia ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Primary Myelofibrosis ; Thrombocytopenia

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PURPOSE: To investigate the relation between the progression of kyphotic deformity and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in conservatively treated stable thoracolumbar fractures. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: When treated conservatively, excessive progression of kyphotic deformity and vertebral compression can emerge during follow-up. We sought to identify predictors of vertebral body deformation using MR images. METHODS: The presence in MR images of anterior longitudinal ligament (AL) or posterior longitudinal ligament (PL) injury, superior or inferior endplate disruption, superior or inferior disc injury in fractured vertebral bodies, the existence of low signal intensity on T2 weighted images, and bone edema of intravertebral bodies were assessed. RESULTS: The presence of superior endplate disruption and a higher level of bone edema were found to cause the progressions of kyphotic angle (KA), wedge angle (WA), and anterior vertebral compression (AVC) rate. When AL or superior disc injury was observed, only KA increased meaningfully. When low signal intensity was present on T2 weighted images WA and AVC increased significantly, but PL injury, inferior endplate disruption, and inferior disc injury showed no notable correlation with kyphotic deformity progression. The risk factors found to be associated with an increase of KA to >5degrees were AL injury, superior endplate disruption, superior disc injury, and a bone edema level of over 1/3, and their associated risks versus no injury cases were 14.1, 3.7, 6.8, and 10.4-fold, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: AL injury, superior endplate and disc injury, or a high level of bone edema, were critical factors that determine kyphotic deformity progression.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Edema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Kyphosis* ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Orthotic Devices ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Spinal Fractures

In patients with situs inversus totalis, the superior vena cava is normally positioned on the left side and drains into a left-sided right atrium (RA). If right-side superior vena cava (RSVC) is also present, it should be thought of as a combined congenital anomaly. Here, we report a case of successful pacemaker lead insertion through the RSVC in a patient with situs inversus totalis. The left-side superior vena cava (LSVC) had been already used as a route for the first pacemaker lead insertion 15 years earlier. During the pacemaker lead revision, we found that the LSVC was obliterated, and used the RSVC as a route for a new pacemaker lead insertion.
Heart Atria ; Humans ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; Situs Inversus ; Vena Cava, Superior

No Abstract Available.
Korea* ; Mumps virus* ; Mumps*

Malignant tumors have been shown to be a major secondary cause of nephrotic syndrome. They have been associated with different glomerulopathy depending on their type. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) rarely develops in solid tumors, although cases have been reported in renal cell cancer, melanoma, lung cancer, and tumors in the urogenital system. However, to our knowledge, there have been no case reported of MPGN associated with thyroid cancer. In the present case, we observed MPGN associated with thyroid cancer in a 44-year-old woman with nephrotic syndrome and renal insufficiency. Her thyroid ultrasound revealed a tumor measuring 1.01x1.14x1.48 cm with an indistinct border that was partially calcified. The tumor was confirmed to be papillary carcinoma by percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy. Renal biopsy showed chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis and MPGN. On day 45 of admission, total thyroidectomy and neck lymphadenectomy were performed. After total thyroidectomy, serum total protein, albumin, C3, and C4 normalized. In conclusion, this case represents the first report of simultaneous development of MPGN and thyroid cancer.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Node Excision ; Melanoma ; Neck ; Needles ; Nephritis, Interstitial ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Renal Insufficiency ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroidectomy ; Urogenital System

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fluoroquinolone resistance frequency of Enterococcus spp. from normal chicken feces and to analyse mutations of the gyrA and parC gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. Among 52 Enterococcus faecalis and 25 E. faecium isolates, 23 (44.2%) E. faecalis and 7 (28.0%) E. faecium were resistant to ciprofloxacin (CIP) by disc diffusion method. Genetic exchange in gyrA and parC gene among 2 CIP intermediate isolates and 15 CIP resistant isolates were found in the amino acid codon of Ser-83 and Asp-87, and Ser-80 and Glu-84, respectively. These mutants contained a change from Ser to Phe, Val, Tyr, Ile, Thr or Pro at codon 83 and from Glu to Gly or Leu at codon 87 in gyrA gene, and a change from Ser to Ile or Thr at codon 80 and from Glu to Asp or Lys at codon 84 in parC gene. The isolates with mutation in gyrA regardless of a mutation in parC showed high resistance (MIC > or =32 microgram/ml) to CIP, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin. These results suggested that gyrA gene is the primary target for 4 fluoroquinolones resistance in Enterococcus spp.
Chickens* ; Ciprofloxacin ; Codon ; Diffusion ; Enterococcus faecalis ; Enterococcus* ; Feces* ; Fluoroquinolones ; Norfloxacin ; Ofloxacin ; Viperidae

Many researchers have reported that smoking enhanced psychomotor performance in healthy subjects, but little is known about the effects of cigarette smoking on psychomotor performance in schizophrenic patients who have a high prevalence of smoking and various psychomotor dysfunctions. The author investigated the effects of cigarette smoking on psychomotor performance in schizophrenic patients. Subjects were grouped into (1) smokers with no smoking for 90 minutes prior to testing, (2) smokers with smoking a cigarette after 90 minutes abstinence prior to testing and (3) nonsmokers. The scores of Motor performance series(MPS) and Decision-reaction timer(DRT) were compared among these three groups. No significant differences were found in MPS. In DRT, schizophrenic smokers with smoking a cigarette after 90 minutes abstinence prior to testing showed significantly shorter reaction time and decision time but no significant differences in motor time and correct response rate. In conclusion, this study suggests that smoking enhances cognitive processes in schizophrenic patients but does not influence motor performance.
Humans ; Prevalence ; Psychomotor Performance* ; Reaction Time ; Schizophrenia ; Smoke ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products*