No abstract available.
Laurence-Moon Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Laurence-Moon Syndrome*

This study was designed to suggest community-based adolescent drug abuse program model to prevent, treat and rehabilitate the adolescent drug abusers, which works by cooperation between community hospitals and schools, by proving the effectiveness of community-based adolescent drug abuse problem for adolescent smoking students since smoking is one of the most common adolescent abuse problems in the community. To gain the basic data for proving the effect of community drug abuse program for adolescent smoking students, one male high school was selected as the studying school located in Seong Nam city. Among this high school students 146 students were selected randomly to investigate drug abuse status of this school. The experimental group was 33 students who participate in community-based drug abuse problem and the control group was 24 students who were selected randomly among the 60 smoking students who participated in investigating the drug abuse status in the studying school. The both experimental group and control group were reinvestigated of the drug abuse status eight months after completion of community-based drug abuse program, and change during this period was analysed with x2-test and t-test. The results and conclusions were as follows. 1) The smoking onset time was ranged mostly from senior in middle school to freshmen in high school and the most student smoked already habitually when they were freshmen in high school. 80% of smoking students had tried to quit smoking more th% one time and 20% had tried to quit smoking more than six times and failed. This data suggest that the smoking prevention program must be started as soon as possible far effectiveness of adolescent drug abuse program just before many students start smoking and the smoking cessation program for smoking students is needed desperately. 2) The the community-based drug abuse program for smoking students was effective. The smoking students who participate hi drug abuse program(experimental group) showed 19.2% decline of recent one month smoking rates eight months after completion of the program, but the smoking students who did not participate in drug abuse program(control group) showed 22.6% incline of recent one month smoking rates. In the experimental group, the Fagerstrom's nicotine dependance score and recent one month drinking rates showed no difference between initial and 8 month follow-up investigatement, but in the control group, the Fagerstrom's nicotine dependence scores were increased significantly from 1.80 to 3.43 and recent one month drinking rates showed 18.1% incline after 8 month 1311ow-up periods. 3) The smoking students who participate in drug abuse program has less school problems and increased family functioning and decreasing tendency of friends problems but less know ledge about cigarettes and more permissive in attitude to smoking after eight months follow-up period. These results suggest that students who participated in community-based drug abuse program experienced reduction of stress, which results in decline of smoking rates. Therefore, I think that the drug abuse program which deals with the psychological and emotional problems of adolescents is needed as much as direct education about the harmful effect of cigarettes in adolescent drug abuse program for smoking students.
Adolescent* ; Drinking ; Drug Users ; Education ; Follow-Up Studies ; Friends ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, Community ; Humans ; Male ; Nicotine ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking* ; Substance-Related Disorders* ; Tobacco Products ; Tobacco Use Disorder

OBJECTIVE: The authors study evaluated the effect of a cognitive rehabilitation program designed to enhance the attention skill of chronic schizophrenics. METHODS: Dependent variables included measures of perceptual sensitivity and response criterion derived from the Vigilance test of Vienna test system. Each of 10 subjects received 10 sessions of repeated training with computer-aided cognitive rehabilitation program(REHACOM). Eleven subjects were assigned to a control group. All subject were rated on measures of positive and negative symptoms before training. RESULTS: Significant changes on the outcome measures were observed following attention training. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that cognitive rehabilitation with chronic schizophrenics should stress the possibility of remediating deficiencies in basic abilities, such as attention.
Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Rehabilitation*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment efficacy and safety of risperidone and olanzapine in elderly dementia patients. METHODS: The study population consisted of 42 elderly patients in BPSD (Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia) with dementia for 'risperidone' and 'olanzapine' treatment. Clinical safety and efficacy were evaluated by CGI (Clinical Global Impression) and the side effects checklist. RESULTS: The mean subject age was 68.2+/-5.9 consisting of 16 (38.1%) males and 26 (61.9%) females. The types of dementia among the 42 demented patients were as follows: 30 (71.5%) with Alzheimer's disease, 5 (11.9%) with vascular dementia, and 7 (16.7%) with unclassified dementia. The efficacy of risperidone and olanzapine was "marked improved 14.9% vs 34.0%", "moderately improved 45.2% vs 29.9%", and "mildly improved 30.3% vs 36.1%" by CGI. The incidence of adverse reaction was 25.8% vs 36.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Risperidone and olanzapine demonstrated highly useful and presented to be a well tolerated antipsychotic drug for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia between 1-2 mg vs 5-7.5 mg per daily dosage, respectively. However proper evaluation of mini-mental state examination, IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) and larger number of elderly patients must be analyzed.
Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; Checklist ; Dementia* ; Dementia, Vascular ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Risperidone ; Treatment Outcome

The purpose of this study is to compare the difference of the tendency for depression and leisure functioning between two elderly groups in differnt socio-cultural environment. Also, this study investigated whether the difference of lesiure functioning affected the tendency for depression. The participants are 55 elderly residing in the nursing home in Seoul and 35 Sahalin returning Koreans in KangWon-Do. Leisure Diagnostic Battery (LDB) developed by Witt and Eliss (1987) was used to measure leisure functioning of the elderly and Yesavage (1983)'s Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS measured the tendency of depression. The LDB and GDS were gathered through interviewing. The result of this study reports that the tendency of depreesion in Sahalin returning Koreans was higher than the elderly in Seoul. And the result supports the hypothesis that the elderly in Seoul who have maintained higher leisure functioning showed lower depression level than the Sahalin elderly who had poor leisure functioning. In other words, there were significance between these two groups. This study suggests that education and the leisure program shoud developed and applied for the higher leisure functioning and satisfaction of the elderly (especially elderly in nursing home).
Aged* ; Depression* ; Education ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Leisure Activities* ; Nursing ; Nursing Homes ; Seoul

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of T2-weighted imaging and MR cholangiopancreatography using the single shot fast spin-echo technique for evaluating pancreaticobiliary disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: B e t ween March and July 1997, axial and coronal T2-weighted images ( T E : 8 0 -2 00 msec) and MR cholangiopancreatograms(TE:800 -1 2 00 msec) were obtained in two ways [single slab (thickness:30 -50 mm) and multislice acquisition under chemical fat saturation] using SSFSE pulse sequencing in 131 cases of suspected pancreati-cobiliary disease. The accuracy of SSFSE MR imaging was assessed in 89 lesions of 74 patients [male,48; female,26; age range, 3 0 -86 (mean,59)years] confirmed surgicopathologically(50 lesions in 39 patients) and clinically (39 lesions in 35 patients). Two radiologists reviewed the MR images and diagnosis was determined by consensus. RESULTS: Correct diagnosis was confirmed in 84 of 89 lesions (94 %). Seven lesions were falsely interpreted, false positive and false negative results accounting for two and five cases, respective l y. Two pancreatic cancers were misdiagnosed as pancreatitis and a cancer of the proximal common bile duct(CBD) was interpreted as a distal CBD cancer. The sensitivity of SSFSE MR imaging for malignancy was 93 %. One CBD stone revealed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was not detected on MR images. In contrast, a stone in the CBD seen on MR images was not apparent on subsequent ERC P. Sensitivity and specificity for calculous disease were 96 % and 99.7 %, respective l y. A benign stricture of the ampulla of Vater was falsely interpreted as normal, and correct diagnosis was possible in two falsely diagnosed cases when MR images were rev i ewed retrospectively. CONCLUSION: The combination of T2-weighted and cholangiographic images using SSFSE is an accurate method for diagnosing pancreaticobiliary diseases.
Ampulla of Vater ; Bile ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance* ; Consensus ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Pancreatitis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is widely used for both medical treatment and cosmetic purposes. A 46-year-old woman presented with progressive generalized weakness and dysphagia. The patient had injected BTA into her both of her calves by herself for cosmetic purposes. Repetitive nerve stimulation of the right facial nerve demonstrated reduced compound muscle action potential amplitudes of the orbicularis oculi and nasalis muscles, and a reduced response to low-frequency, repetitive stimulation. The possibility of iatrogenic botulism should be considered when using BTA.
Action Potentials ; Botulinum Toxins ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; Botulism ; Cosmetics ; Deglutition Disorders ; Facial Nerve ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Middle Aged ; Muscles

BACKGROUND: An increase in oxidative stress has been suggested to play major roles in the complications of diabetes. The bulk of the experimental data favors enhanced free radicals in diabetes and antioxidant defense mechanisms may be reduced in diabetes. Melatonin, the major secretory product of the pineal gland has been shown to be a potent and specific hydroxyl radical scavenger. The purpose of our study was to determine the antioxidative effeet of melatonin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-240 g were divided into 3 groups: normal controls(n-7), diabetic contmls(n-9), melatonin-treated diabetic animals(n-9). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotoein(55 mg/kg body weight) and melatonin(6 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered for 20 days. At day 20 after streptozotocin administration, blood was collected for the assay of glucose, albumin and cholesterol. Erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation was determined by malonyldialdehyde(MDA) reactivity. RESULTS: 1) The MDA resctivity of erytbrocyte membrane in melatonin-treated diabetic animals (meanstandard deviation: 5.52+-1.52nmol/ml packed cells) were lower(p<0.05) than that in diabetic controls(7.68+-1.16nmol/mL packed cells). But, there was no significant difference between melatonin-treated diabetic animals and normal contls(4.93+-1.19 nmol/mL packed cells). 2) There were no significant differences of blood glucose and body weight between diabetic controls and melatonin-treated diabetic animals. CONCLUSION: These results show the antioxidative effect of melatonin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Further clinical and long-term experimental studies are needed to assess the effect of melatonin on development and progression of diabetic complications.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Defense Mechanisms ; Diabetes Complications ; Erythrocyte Membrane ; Free Radicals ; Glucose ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Melatonin* ; Membranes ; Oxidative Stress ; Pineal Gland ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin

OBJECTIVES: Patients with dementia are accompanied with poor autonomy and multiple disability. Therefore moer cost and medical service are required than non-dementia patients. In order to insure comprehensive, systematic care for dementia patients, knowledge of the associated disease of different types of dementia is warranted. This study evaluate the characteristics of associated disease in inpatients with dementia, to be used as basic reference for effective treatment. METHODS: The study popultion consist of 92 patients with dementia admitted between January 1, 1996 and September 30, 1997 to geriatric department, Yosei University Kwangju Severance Psychiatric Hospital. Diagnoses were based on DSM-IV and NINCDS. Severity of dementia was evaluated by GDS (Global Deterioration Scale). Associated diseases was recorded in separated checklist. chi-test, Fisher's exact test, ANOVA, T-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test were used to determine statistical differences among the dementia subgroup. RESULTS: The mean age was 71.8+/-9.2 with 31 male (33.7%) subjects and 61 female subject (66.3%). The types of dementia among the 92 demented patients were as follows:50 (54%) with Alzheimer's disease, 30 (33%) with vascular dementia, 12 (13%) with unclassified dementia. Mean GDS score was 5.4+/-1.1. The mean duration of admission was 66.9+/-88.9 days. Types of discharge were normal discharge 33 (35.9%), discharge against doctors' advice 28 (30.4%), transfer 23 (25.0%). The average number of diagnoses was 4.9+/-2.4. (4.5+/-2.4 in Alzheimer's disease, 6.1+/-2.4 in vascular dementia, 5.3+/-2.1 in unclassified dementia in respectively (p<0.05). The most common associated disease were gastrointestinal disorders (24.8%), cardiovascular disorders (11.8%), urinary tract infection (6.8%), musculoskeletal disorder (6.6%), diabetes mellitus (4.5%). Associated diseases that their frequency showed significant differences in different types of dementia were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, urinary incontinence, oral cavity disease, anemia (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Associated disease are different in different type of dementia. Patients with vascular dementia had more associated disease and received more drugs for associated disease than Alzheimer's disease. Our data emphasize comprehensive and systematic treatment plan according to type of dementia.
Alzheimer Disease ; Anemia ; Checklist ; Dementia* ; Dementia, Vascular ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Female ; Gwangju ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Inpatients* ; Male ; Mouth ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urinary Tract Infections