No abstract available.
Laurence-Moon Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Laurence-Moon Syndrome*

This study was designed to suggest community-based adolescent drug abuse program model to prevent, treat and rehabilitate the adolescent drug abusers, which works by cooperation between community hospitals and schools, by proving the effectiveness of community-based adolescent drug abuse problem for adolescent smoking students since smoking is one of the most common adolescent abuse problems in the community. To gain the basic data for proving the effect of community drug abuse program for adolescent smoking students, one male high school was selected as the studying school located in Seong Nam city. Among this high school students 146 students were selected randomly to investigate drug abuse status of this school. The experimental group was 33 students who participate in community-based drug abuse problem and the control group was 24 students who were selected randomly among the 60 smoking students who participated in investigating the drug abuse status in the studying school. The both experimental group and control group were reinvestigated of the drug abuse status eight months after completion of community-based drug abuse program, and change during this period was analysed with x2-test and t-test. The results and conclusions were as follows. 1) The smoking onset time was ranged mostly from senior in middle school to freshmen in high school and the most student smoked already habitually when they were freshmen in high school. 80% of smoking students had tried to quit smoking more th% one time and 20% had tried to quit smoking more than six times and failed. This data suggest that the smoking prevention program must be started as soon as possible far effectiveness of adolescent drug abuse program just before many students start smoking and the smoking cessation program for smoking students is needed desperately. 2) The the community-based drug abuse program for smoking students was effective. The smoking students who participate hi drug abuse program(experimental group) showed 19.2% decline of recent one month smoking rates eight months after completion of the program, but the smoking students who did not participate in drug abuse program(control group) showed 22.6% incline of recent one month smoking rates. In the experimental group, the Fagerstrom's nicotine dependance score and recent one month drinking rates showed no difference between initial and 8 month follow-up investigatement, but in the control group, the Fagerstrom's nicotine dependence scores were increased significantly from 1.80 to 3.43 and recent one month drinking rates showed 18.1% incline after 8 month 1311ow-up periods. 3) The smoking students who participate in drug abuse program has less school problems and increased family functioning and decreasing tendency of friends problems but less know ledge about cigarettes and more permissive in attitude to smoking after eight months follow-up period. These results suggest that students who participated in community-based drug abuse program experienced reduction of stress, which results in decline of smoking rates. Therefore, I think that the drug abuse program which deals with the psychological and emotional problems of adolescents is needed as much as direct education about the harmful effect of cigarettes in adolescent drug abuse program for smoking students.
Adolescent* ; Drinking ; Drug Users ; Education ; Follow-Up Studies ; Friends ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, Community ; Humans ; Male ; Nicotine ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking* ; Substance-Related Disorders* ; Tobacco Products ; Tobacco Use Disorder

OBJECTIVE: The authors study evaluated the effect of a cognitive rehabilitation program designed to enhance the attention skill of chronic schizophrenics. METHODS: Dependent variables included measures of perceptual sensitivity and response criterion derived from the Vigilance test of Vienna test system. Each of 10 subjects received 10 sessions of repeated training with computer-aided cognitive rehabilitation program(REHACOM). Eleven subjects were assigned to a control group. All subject were rated on measures of positive and negative symptoms before training. RESULTS: Significant changes on the outcome measures were observed following attention training. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that cognitive rehabilitation with chronic schizophrenics should stress the possibility of remediating deficiencies in basic abilities, such as attention.
Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Rehabilitation*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment efficacy and safety of risperidone and olanzapine in elderly dementia patients. METHODS: The study population consisted of 42 elderly patients in BPSD (Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia) with dementia for 'risperidone' and 'olanzapine' treatment. Clinical safety and efficacy were evaluated by CGI (Clinical Global Impression) and the side effects checklist. RESULTS: The mean subject age was 68.2+/-5.9 consisting of 16 (38.1%) males and 26 (61.9%) females. The types of dementia among the 42 demented patients were as follows: 30 (71.5%) with Alzheimer's disease, 5 (11.9%) with vascular dementia, and 7 (16.7%) with unclassified dementia. The efficacy of risperidone and olanzapine was "marked improved 14.9% vs 34.0%", "moderately improved 45.2% vs 29.9%", and "mildly improved 30.3% vs 36.1%" by CGI. The incidence of adverse reaction was 25.8% vs 36.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Risperidone and olanzapine demonstrated highly useful and presented to be a well tolerated antipsychotic drug for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia between 1-2 mg vs 5-7.5 mg per daily dosage, respectively. However proper evaluation of mini-mental state examination, IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) and larger number of elderly patients must be analyzed.
Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; Checklist ; Dementia* ; Dementia, Vascular ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Risperidone ; Treatment Outcome

The purpose of this study is to compare the difference of the tendency for depression and leisure functioning between two elderly groups in differnt socio-cultural environment. Also, this study investigated whether the difference of lesiure functioning affected the tendency for depression. The participants are 55 elderly residing in the nursing home in Seoul and 35 Sahalin returning Koreans in KangWon-Do. Leisure Diagnostic Battery (LDB) developed by Witt and Eliss (1987) was used to measure leisure functioning of the elderly and Yesavage (1983)'s Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS measured the tendency of depression. The LDB and GDS were gathered through interviewing. The result of this study reports that the tendency of depreesion in Sahalin returning Koreans was higher than the elderly in Seoul. And the result supports the hypothesis that the elderly in Seoul who have maintained higher leisure functioning showed lower depression level than the Sahalin elderly who had poor leisure functioning. In other words, there were significance between these two groups. This study suggests that education and the leisure program shoud developed and applied for the higher leisure functioning and satisfaction of the elderly (especially elderly in nursing home).
Aged* ; Depression* ; Education ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Leisure Activities* ; Nursing ; Nursing Homes ; Seoul

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of T2-weighted imaging and MR cholangiopancreatography using the single shot fast spin-echo technique for evaluating pancreaticobiliary disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: B e t ween March and July 1997, axial and coronal T2-weighted images ( T E : 8 0 -2 00 msec) and MR cholangiopancreatograms(TE:800 -1 2 00 msec) were obtained in two ways [single slab (thickness:30 -50 mm) and multislice acquisition under chemical fat saturation] using SSFSE pulse sequencing in 131 cases of suspected pancreati-cobiliary disease. The accuracy of SSFSE MR imaging was assessed in 89 lesions of 74 patients [male,48; female,26; age range, 3 0 -86 (mean,59)years] confirmed surgicopathologically(50 lesions in 39 patients) and clinically (39 lesions in 35 patients). Two radiologists reviewed the MR images and diagnosis was determined by consensus. RESULTS: Correct diagnosis was confirmed in 84 of 89 lesions (94 %). Seven lesions were falsely interpreted, false positive and false negative results accounting for two and five cases, respective l y. Two pancreatic cancers were misdiagnosed as pancreatitis and a cancer of the proximal common bile duct(CBD) was interpreted as a distal CBD cancer. The sensitivity of SSFSE MR imaging for malignancy was 93 %. One CBD stone revealed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was not detected on MR images. In contrast, a stone in the CBD seen on MR images was not apparent on subsequent ERC P. Sensitivity and specificity for calculous disease were 96 % and 99.7 %, respective l y. A benign stricture of the ampulla of Vater was falsely interpreted as normal, and correct diagnosis was possible in two falsely diagnosed cases when MR images were rev i ewed retrospectively. CONCLUSION: The combination of T2-weighted and cholangiographic images using SSFSE is an accurate method for diagnosing pancreaticobiliary diseases.
Ampulla of Vater ; Bile ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance* ; Consensus ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Pancreatitis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Congenital syphilis is one of the most well-known congenital infections, yet it remains a worldwide public health problem. Congenital syphilis can involve any organ system and present with various symptoms. However, early diagnosis of congenital syphilis is difficult because more than half of the affected infants are asymptomatic, and the signs in symptomatic infants may be subtle and nonspecific. Here, we report a case of congenital syphilis with only a skin rash, which led to a delay in diagnosis. This case indicates that congenital syphilis should be considered throughout early childhood.
Early Diagnosis ; Exanthema ; Humans ; Infant ; Public Health ; Skin ; Syphilis, Congenital

OBJECTIVES: Coexistence of depression is one of the important behavioral symptoms in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type. The study on the relationship between depression and cognitive abilities and/or functional abilities emerges as very important one. The aim of this study was to investigate whether depression is related to the impairment of daily activities and to certain areas of cognitive function in mild to moderate dementia of Alzheimer type. METHODS: In this study, 48 patients with dementia of Alzheimer type among elderly community-residents in Kwangju, Kyunggi province, aged 65 and older, were finally included. We examined their demographics and administered Korean Version of the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE-K), Korean Version of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination(Korean version of NCSE), Korean Form of Geriatric Depression Scale(KGDS), Activities of Daily Living(ADL), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL) to the subjects. We classified the subjects into two groups, dementia with and without depression on the basis of KGDS scores. The two groups were compared using X2 test and independent ttest. RESULTS: The results show that the two groups did not differ in sex, age, education, and scores of MMSE-K. The depressed dementia group showed significantly poorer performance in bathing, one item of ADL, than the nondepressed dementia group. The depressed dementia group showed significantly more impairment in total scores of IADL and each score of three items(shopping, housework, handling finances) than the non-depressed dementia group. However, the two groups showed no significant differences in five major cognitive ability areas of Korean version of NCSE. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that depression in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type is highly related to the functional impairments, instrumental activities of daily living and part of activities of daily living, beyond the effects of cognitive impairments.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Aged ; Baths ; Behavioral Symptoms ; Dementia ; Demography ; Depression* ; Education ; Gwangju ; Gyeonggi-do ; Housekeeping ; Humans

Subungual melanoma is a variant of acral lentiginous melanoma and is thought to carry a poor prognosis due to difficulties in early diagnosis. Classical management of subungual melanoma is based on the radical surgery of distal phalanx amputation. Instead, conservative treatment with non-amputative wide excision of the nail unit followed by reconstruction has been insufficiently reported, especially in Korea. A 71-year-old woman presented with dark brownish longitudinal bands on her right thumbnail. Punch biopsies from the nail matrix and nail bed showed proliferation of atypical melanocytes without dermal involvement. We describe a case of subungual melanoma in situ of the right thumb, and a non-amputative surgical management which aims to provide adequate clearance of the lesion with minimal morbidity and satisfactory preservation of function for the patient.
Amputation ; Biopsy ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Melanocytes ; Melanoma ; Nails ; Prognosis ; Thumb