The reactions of cerebral pial vessels following the injection of normal saline(0.05cc, at 37 degrees C, pH7.4) and autogenous hemolytic blood(0.05cc, 0.1cc 0.2cc) into the cisterna magna of rabbits were tested in vivo. This experiment was performed in order to observe the effect of intravenous nimodipine(30 microgram/kg) injection at the maximally constricted time of the pial vessels, about 6 hours after intracisternal injection of autogenous hemolytic blood. The diameter changes of the pial vessels were measured under operating microscope through a cranial window on craniectomized area. Pial vessels were not significantly changed after an intracisternal injection of normal saline. But after intracisternal injection of autogenous hemolytic blood(0.05cc, 0.1cc, 0.2cc), pial vessels were maximally constricted at 6 hours and the constriction was continued during the experiments. Percentile constriction was increased as the amount of subarachnoid hemolytic blood increased. According to the results, pial vessels, especially small pial artery, were constricted by autogenous hemolytic blood containing oxyhemoglobin. Nimodipine, calcium antagonist, showed dilating effect on vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage with autogenous hemolytic blood in rabbits.
Administration, Intravenous* ; Arteries ; Calcium ; Cisterna Magna* ; Constriction ; Nimodipine* ; Oxyhemoglobins ; Rabbits* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

The first report of growing skull fractures of children was in 1861 by John How ship who noted partial absorption of the right parietal bone, arising from a blow on the head in a child aged 9 months. The cases of cranial defects that develope from fractures of the skull in childhood are not common but post-traumatic arachnoid cyst by delivery forceps had rarely reported in world literature. Consequently the author had a case of post-traumatic arachnoid cyst by delivery forceps with its common features and evaluated on various aspects of this syndrome. This case had been treated by surgery with removal of cyst, cranioplasty and V-P shunt.
Absorption ; Arachnoid* ; Child ; Head ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Parietal Bone ; Ships ; Skull ; Skull Fractures ; Surgical Instruments*

The injured skull bone may be contaminated in compound frontal skull fracture, so definitely left out for the prevention of infectious complications in the classic concept. The efficacy of primary replacement and resection of the injured bony fragments in the treatment of compound depressed frontal skull fractures was studied in 33 patients who could be followed up over one year during a recent 5-year period. The patients was divided into a group I which took a primary replacement of injured bony fragments and group II which left out the injured bony fragments in immediate operation. The results are summarized as follows : 1) The age incidence was more frequent in the 3th and 4th decades. The sex distribution was more frequent in male(87%). 2) The motor vehicle accident was most frequent in the injury mechanism. 3) The conscious level on admission was 53% in 13~15 GCS group, 12% in 9~12 group, 26.6% in 6~8 group and 8.4% in 3~5 group. 4) The incidence of an extending fractures was 42% to orbital roof, 35% into frontal sinus, 25% into cribriform plate and 16% into nasal bone. 5) The incidence of intracranial injury was 65% in dural laceration and 51% in cerebral laceration. Of cases of dural laceration the cerebral laceration was associated in 78%. 6) The time duration from injury to operation was under 12 hours in most cases(84%). 7) The incidence of a complication was 36.1% in total group, 27.7% in group I and 47.2% in group II. The infectious complication was not a significant difference between group I(14.9%) and group II(16.7%). In conclusion the infectious morbidity of which were most dangerous complications due to compound depressed frontal skull fractures was not a significant difference in two compared group. The author believe that immediate bone replacement for compound depressed frontal fractures with or without extension to frontal sinus, orbit, or cribriform plate os both practical and safe procesures.
Ethmoid Bone ; Frontal Sinus ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lacerations ; Motor Vehicles ; Nasal Bone ; Orbit ; Sex Distribution ; Skull Fractures* ; Skull*

The kinetics of inhibition of Na-K-ATPase activity by o, 0-dimethyl o-(2,2-dichlorovinyl) phosphate(DDVP) was investigated with homogenerate of rabbit cerebral cortex. The results were summarized as the follows : 1. Inhibition of Na-K-ATPase activity by DDVP showed a dose-dependent manner with an estimated I5.0 of 3.5x10(-4) M. 2. Altered pH and activity curves for Na-K-ATPase activity demonstrated comparable inhibition by DDVP in buffered acidic, neutral and alkaline pH renges. 3. Kinetic studies of cationic-substrate activation of Na-K-ATPase showed noncompetitive with respect to substrate and K+ and a mixed type inhibition with respect to Na+. These results suggest that DDVP appeared to exert its effects on Na-K-ATPase activity by interfering with the formation of Na-dependent phosphoenzyme.
Cerebral Cortex* ; Dichlorvos* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics

Primary lymphoma is rare lesion of the intracranial neplasm. We have recently experienced a case of primary lymphoma invoving cerebellar vermis and hemisphere. The patient presented with headache, vomiting, ataxia and dysmetria. The brain CT scan and MR imaging revealed round mass lesion involving the left cerebellar hemisphere and vermis with minimal surrounding brain edema. On vertebral angiography, tumor stain appeared during the late arterial phase. Preoperative CSF analysis showed no specific abnormal findings. The CSF cytology was normal. The mass was surgically removed and the histological feature was diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. In the postperative and postradiation period, the metastasis occurred to the head of the caucate nucleus and cervical spinal cord. A case of primary lymphoma of the cerebellum is presented with review of literature.
Angiography ; Ataxia ; Brain ; Brain Edema ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cerebellar Ataxia ; Cerebellum* ; Head ; Headache ; Humans ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Spinal Cord ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vomiting

A case of cavernous angioma of the cerebellar vermis is described. Cevernous angioma is rare vascular malformation of the central nervous system and the cerebellar vermis is very unusual site. Exact preoperative diagnosis of this lesion is difficult because cavernous angioma is angiographically silent and generally accepted to be very rare. The relevant literature is reviewed.
Central Nervous System ; Diagnosis ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Vascular Malformations

Many objects create penetrating cranial injuries. Metallic objects and low velosity missiles are the most common offenders. Wood as wounding agent of the brain, has some characteristics. It has profound risk of infection, a significant propensity to fragmentation that is virtually undetechable on routine X-ray screening and very low atteunation value in CT scan. Because of its characteristics and rarity, we report a case of penetrating cranial injury by a wooden foreign body with review of literature.
Brain ; Criminals ; Debridement ; Foreign Bodies* ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Wood ; Wounds and Injuries

Aneurysmal bone cysts are lytic lesions that have been described in virtually every portion of the skeleton but most commonly occur as solitary lesions in the metaphyseal portions of long bones. One fifth of aneurysmal bone cysts occur in the spine where they most frequently involve the posterior elements. In the spine, aneurysmal bone cyst have been reported to occur in the lower thoracic and lumbar regions, but their occurrence in the cervicodorsal area is uncommon. In this case, the second cervical vertebral body and posterior elements are affected. Fortunately, the lesion didn't invade into the spinal canal. The main symptom on admission was pressure pain, tenderness and motion limitation of the cervical spine. We removed the lesion involving posterior elements of second cervical spine and used horse-shoe shaped pediatric C-D device for occipito-cervical fixation. The clinical symptoms were resolved after operation. The clinical, radiologic, operative and pathological findings are reported and the corresponding literature are reviewed.
Aneurysm* ; Bone Cysts* ; Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal ; Lumbosacral Region ; Skeleton ; Spinal Canal ; Spine*

A rare case of teratoma occuring in the posterior cranial fossa is reported. The tumor was partially encapsulated, and a surgical removal was accomplished. Teratoma is defined as a true tumor, composed of several types of tissues representing more than one germinal layer, which are foreign to the part in which it arises. The literature on teratomas located in the posterior cranial fossa is reviewed.
Cranial Fossa, Posterior* ; Teratoma*

This paper reports a case of malignant histiocytic lymphoma mainly in the frontal region with intracranial extradural extension. Operation was performed to remove the mass but the tumor began to recur rapidly. And so under the condition that the operative wound was not fully healed, the patient received radiotheray and chemotherapy postoperatively, with remarkable regession of the tumor.
Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse* ; Scalp* ; Wounds and Injuries