No abstract available.
Animals ; Female* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Rats*

In 1941, Jaffe and coworkers studied a lesion with histologic appearance of fibrous stroma, pigmented deposition and histiocytic infiltration as well as giant cell, for which they named pigmented villonodular synovitis, bursitis and tenosynovitis. Thereafter many authors have discussed etiology, clinical and radiological features, pathology and treatment regarding the disease. Almost all, this disease is monoarticular and knee joint is most common site. We experienced a case of localized pigmented villonodular synovitis involving an shoulder joint which was treated by local excision and obtained good result.
Bursitis ; Giant Cells ; Knee Joint ; Pathology ; Shoulder Joint ; Shoulder ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular ; Tenosynovitis

Fracture of capitellum humeri, so called Kocher fracture, was first described by Haln in 1853. It is rare and has been occured 0.5% to 1% of incidence of all elbow fracture. The mechanism of this fracture mostly results when one tries to break a fall and lands on the hand with the elbow in some degree of flexing or falls directly on the elbow in a position of full flexion. This case had been occured in a secondary motion
Accidental Falls ; Athletes ; Elbow ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Methods ; Weight Lifting

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate changes in plasma superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities in alcohol depedence, to fine out variables to influence on the SOD activities, and finally to identify the correlation of SOD activities with the alcohol-associated cognitive disorders. METHODS: For 24 male alcoholics and 21 healthy male controls, plasma SOD activities were measured by spectrophotometry on 1-2 wks after alcohol withdrawal. Structured interviews and laboratory tests were also performed. RESULTS: 1) Upon comparing SOD activities between controls and alcoholics, the SOD activities were significantly(p<0.01) lower in alcoholics(0.308+/-0.140 units/mL) than in healthy controls(0.313+/-0.086 units/mL). 2) Upon comparing SOD activities according to the presence of alcohol-related cognitive disorders, the SOD activities were significantly(p<0.05) lower in alcoholics with cognitive disorders(0.247+/-0.049 units/mL) than in alcoholics without cognitive disorders(0.317+/-0.148 units/mL). 3) Upon comparing SOD activities according to the presence of alcoholic polyneuropathy or alcohol withdrawal seizure, the SOD activities showed no significant differences between alcoholics with polyneuropathy or epilepsy and those without. 4) Upon analyzing variables influencing on the SOD activities in alcoholics, the SOD activities had the negative correlation with hemoglobin(gamma=-0.433) and severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms(gamma=-0.375). 5) Upon comparing variables according to the presence of alcohol-related cognitive disorders, the occurrence of alcoholic polyneuropathy(p<0.05) and blood phosphorus concentrations(p<0.01) were significantly higher in alcoholics with cognitive disorders than those without. 6) Upon analyzing an association between SOD activities and variables in alcoholics with cognitive disorders, the SOD activities were positively correlated with the onset age(gamma=0.995), and negatively correlated with the severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms(gamma=-0.996). CONCLUSIONS: Lower SOD activities in alcohol dependence suggested alcohol-associated cognitive disorders and alcohol withdrawal symptoms might be caused by oxidative stress.
Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures ; Alcoholic Neuropathy ; Alcoholics ; Alcoholism ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Phosphorus ; Plasma ; Polyneuropathies ; Spectrophotometry ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; Superoxide Dismutase* ; Superoxides*

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to discriminate the clinical differences, to measure the estrogen and homovanillic acid levels. to evaluate a correlation between estrogen and homovanillic acid. and to identify an association of cognitive deficit with estrogen and homovanilli acid among male and female schizophrenics. METHODS: In addition to the structured interviews, the plasma estrogen levels by radioimmunoassay and the homovanillic acid levels by HPLC were measured in 20 male and 21 female schizophrenics as well as 10 healthy male and 9 female controls. RESULTS: 1) The plasma estrogen levels were higher in females than males, and significantly higher in female schizophenics than female controls. The homovanillic acid levels were higher in female schizophrenics than female controls, and were lower in male schizophrenics than male controls. 2) The onset age seemed to be earlier in male schizophrenics, and the frequency of admission, duration of antipsychotic drug administration. dosage of antipsychotics and duration of illnesses were more in males. The estrogen and homovanillic acid levels were significantly higher in female schizophrenics. 3) The estrogen levels had a significant positive correlation with sex, age and onset age, while the homovanillic acid levels did with sex. However, estrogen wee not correlated with homovanillic acid levels. 4) The estrogen and homovanillic acid levels were not significantly different between male and female schizophrenics with cognitive deficits. In the schizophrenic patients without cognitive deficits, the estrogen levels were significantly higher in females, while here were no significant sex differences in homovanillic acid. 5) In the male and female schizophrenics predominantly with negative symptoms, there were no significant differences in estrogen and homocanillic acid levels. In those predominantly with positive symptoms, the estrogen levels wee significantly higher in females, while there were no sex differences in homovanillic acid levels. 6) In schizophrenics with undifferentiated subtype, the estrogen and homovanillic acid levels were significantly higher in females. In those with paranoid or disorganized subtypes. the estrogen levels were significantly higher females, while there were no sex differences in the homovanillic acid levels. 7) The mean values of PANSS-negative. PANSS-total, PANSS-CF, MMSE-K and estrogen levels were significantly higher in male schizophrenics with cognitive deficits. The mean values of illness duration, CGI PANSS-positive, PANSS-negative, PANSS-total, PANSS-CF and MMSE-K were significantly higher in female schizophrenics with cognitive deficits. 8) The variables which showed significant correlation with cognitive deficits were PANSS-nagative, PANSS-total, PANSS-CF, MMSE-K and estrogen levels in male schizophrenics. The variables which showed significant correlation with cognitive deficits were subtypes, onset age, illness duration, CGI, PANSS-positive, PANSS-negative, PANSS-total, PANMSS-CF and MMSE-K in female schizophrenics. The estrogen levels were significantly correlated with admission frequencies, history of antipsychotic administration, duration of antipsychotic administration and cognitive deficits in male schizophrenics. while age were not correlated with in females. The homovanillic acid levels had a significant correlation with subtypes and onset age in male schizophrenics, while there were no correlation among variables in females. CONCLUSIONS: Although the plasma concentrations of estrogen and homovaillic acid in female schizophrenics were significantly higher than males, we could not find an association between them. Furthermore, the various factors affecting on the cognitive deficits, estrogen and homovanillic acid levels seemed to be somewhat different according to sex.
Age of Onset ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dopamine* ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Homovanillic Acid ; Humans ; Male ; Plasma ; Radioimmunoassay ; Schizophrenia* ; Sex Characteristics

No abstract available.
Autografts ; Goldenhar Syndrome

The use of lower extremity tourniquets for procedures of the lower leg is considered routine in orthopedic surgery, but, lower extremity tourniquets do harm occasionally. While the tourniquet is inflated, metabolic changes such as increased PaCO2 , lactic acid, and serum potassium and decreased level of PaO2 and pH occur in the ischemic limb. Deflation of tourniquet results in release of anaerobic metabolic products during ischemia into systemic circulation. In this ischemia/reperfusion situation, oxygen free radicals could potentially be produced during the reperfusion period by several mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is release of intracellular superoxide or hydrogen peroxide by activated neutrophils in the area. These reactive oxygen species(ROS) could be a causative factor for the postreperfusion no-flow, lung injury, induction of tourniquet shock, etc. The purpose of this clinical study was to investigate the effect of tourniquet deflation on the hemodynamic changes, changes of blood gas analysis, and hydrogen peroxide production using flow cytometric analysis of fluorescent DCF(Dichlorofluorescein). Quantitative analysis of fluorescent DCF was performed in resting and fMLP(N-formyl-methyonyl-leucyl-phenylalanine) or PMA(phorbol myristate acetate) stimulated neutrophils. Also differences of these factors between two groups of tourniquet time, one is less than one hour and the other more than one to two hours, were analysed. The hemodynamics(blood pressure, pulse rate), arterial PO2, bicarbonate, base excess, and hydrogen peroxide production showed no significant change before and after tourniquet release(p>0.05). Arterial pH and PaCO2 decreased significantly until 10 and 5 minutes after tourniquet release, respectively(p>0.05). Tourniquet time didn’t reveal any significances differences. These results indicate that tourniquet application with400mmHg pressure and less than 2 hours does not release significant hydrogen peroxide into systemic circulation during reperfusion period after tourniquet release.
Blood Gas Analysis ; Blood Pressure ; Clinical Study ; Extremities ; Flow Cytometry ; Free Radicals ; Hemodynamics ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Hydrogen ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ischemia ; Lactic Acid ; Leg ; Lower Extremity ; Lung Injury ; Myristic Acid ; Neutrophils ; Orthopedics ; Oxygen ; Potassium ; Reperfusion ; Shock ; Superoxides ; Tourniquets

About half of all burst fractures at the thoracolumbar junction lead to neurological impairment and several clinical series have demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between canal encroachment and neurologic impairment, but not directly related. Spontaneous canal remodelling over time due to bone resorption has been observed in conservatively treated burst fractures. The aim of this study was to measure spinal canal remodelling after stabilization of burst fractures. So, we evaluated 22 cases of surgically stabilized burst fractures of thoracolumbar junction about pre and postoperative spinal canal stenotic ratio and canal remodelling by bone resorption over time. The results were as follows; l. Pedicle splaying increases the spinal canal area and necessitates correction. 2. Patients with neurological deficits had average 53% encroachment and the neurological normal patient had a canal compromise of 33.9%. 3. Postoperatively canal encroachment had decreased to a mean of 17.4% and further reduced by resorption of bony fragment to a mean of 8.3% within 14 months. In conclusions, remodelling of the spinal canal by resorption of encroaching bone fragments is a consistent feature in surgically stabilized thoracolumbar burst fractures and most patients regain their prefracture canal demensions within 14 months.
Bone Resorption ; Humans ; Spinal Canal*

Surgical stabilization using instrumentation for thoracolumbar injuries offers several advantages such as nearly anatomic reduction of fractures, protection of neurologic structures and most importantly early ambulation of the patient. The treatment of fracture-dislocation of the thoracolumbar spine has been progressively improved over the past decades and recently a lot of new device have been introduced to improve fixability of the involved vertebrae three dimensionally and short segmental fixation as possible. The authors have treated 17 cases of unstable thoracolumbar fracture using Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital from Jan. 1988 to Jan. 1989 with the following results: 1. Bursting fractures are the most common type(52.9%) of mechanism of injury. 2. Excellent anatomic reductions were obtained and compression, wedging and local kyphotic deformities were nicely corrected. 3. Short segmental fixation can preserve the maximal spinal mobility. 4. No significant loss of reduction or loosening of implant was found. 5. Remarkable neurologic recoveries were observed in cases of incomplete cord lesion. 6. Significant neurologic recovery was found in patients treated with laminectomy and Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Early Ambulation ; Heart ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Orthopedics ; Spine

Fractures of the tibial condyles, involving as they do weight-bearing articular surfaces and frequently accompanied by soft tissue injuries such as collateral ligaments, cruciate ligaments, and menisci present a variety of problems in treatment and prognosis. Slee, Apley, and others maintained the opinion that most fractures of the tibial condyles could be managed conservatively. On the other hand, Rombold, Schatzker, and others seemed to consider closed treatment to be virtually s form of therapeutic nihilism and adviced open reduction. But recently most authors agree that the method of treatment has to be selected in each individual case, and recommand anatomical reduction of the fracture as possible and early knee motion. The authors have treated 17 cases of tibial condylar fractures with arthroscopic management and extraarticular distal approach in the Department of Orthopedic surpery, Kang Dong Sacred Heart Hospital from Oct. 1986 to Jul. 1989. Of the above cases, 11 cases could be followed for a period of anywhere from 1 year to 31/2 years and analysed according to the cause, classification, treatment, and result. The following results were obtained from the analysis of 11 tibial condylar fractures. l. Of the 11 cases, 7 (63.6%) were male and 4 (36.4%) were female. 2. Of the 11 cases, 7 (63.6%) were due to traffic accident (5 pedestrians, 2 occupants) and 3 (27.3%) were due to fall from height. 3. Among 11 cases, 7 (63.6%) were associated with other injuries. 4. Bone graft was needed in 5 cases. 5. All were treated by arthroscopic management with anatomically and functionally good results. 6. By arthroscopic mangement, it was easy to find and treat the accompanying intraarticular lesion. 7. With early active and C.P.M. exercise, almost full range of motion was obtained in all cases.
Accidents, Traffic ; Classification ; Collateral Ligaments ; Female ; Hand ; Heart ; Humans ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Male ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Pedestrians ; Prognosis ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tibia ; Transplants ; Weight-Bearing