No abstract available.
Anaphylaxis* ; Histamine Release* ; Histamine* ; Mast Cells*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Histamine Release* ; Histamine* ; Mast Cells* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Cytokines* ; Mast Cells*

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PURPOSE: To investigate the relation between the progression of kyphotic deformity and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in conservatively treated stable thoracolumbar fractures. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: When treated conservatively, excessive progression of kyphotic deformity and vertebral compression can emerge during follow-up. We sought to identify predictors of vertebral body deformation using MR images. METHODS: The presence in MR images of anterior longitudinal ligament (AL) or posterior longitudinal ligament (PL) injury, superior or inferior endplate disruption, superior or inferior disc injury in fractured vertebral bodies, the existence of low signal intensity on T2 weighted images, and bone edema of intravertebral bodies were assessed. RESULTS: The presence of superior endplate disruption and a higher level of bone edema were found to cause the progressions of kyphotic angle (KA), wedge angle (WA), and anterior vertebral compression (AVC) rate. When AL or superior disc injury was observed, only KA increased meaningfully. When low signal intensity was present on T2 weighted images WA and AVC increased significantly, but PL injury, inferior endplate disruption, and inferior disc injury showed no notable correlation with kyphotic deformity progression. The risk factors found to be associated with an increase of KA to >5degrees were AL injury, superior endplate disruption, superior disc injury, and a bone edema level of over 1/3, and their associated risks versus no injury cases were 14.1, 3.7, 6.8, and 10.4-fold, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: AL injury, superior endplate and disc injury, or a high level of bone edema, were critical factors that determine kyphotic deformity progression.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Edema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Kyphosis* ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Orthotic Devices ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Spinal Fractures

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. PURPOSE: To analyze the treatment outcome of patients with lower thoracic and lumbar fractures combined with neurological deficits. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Although various methods of the surgical treatment for lower thoracic and lumbar fractures are used, there has been no surgical treatment established as a superior option than others. METHODS: Between March 2001 and August 2009, this study enrolled 13 patients with lower thoracic and lumbar fractures who underwent spinal canal decompression by removing posteriorly displaced bony fragments via the posterior approach and who followed up for more than a year. We analyzed the difference between the preoperative and postoperative extents of canal encroachment, degrees of neurologic deficits and changes in the local kyphotic angle. RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 37 years. There were 10 patients with unstable burst factures and 3 patients with translational injuries. Canal encroachment improved from preoperative average of 84% to 9% postoperatively. Local kyphosis also improved from 20.5degrees to 1.5degrees. In 92% (12/13) of the patients, neurologic deficit improved more than Frankel grade 1 and an average improvement of 1.7 grade was observed. Deterioration of neurologic symptoms was not observed. Although some loss of reduction of kyphotic deformity was observed at the final follow-up, serious complications were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: When posteriorly displaced bony fragments were removed by the posterior approach, neurological recovery could be facilitated by adequate decompression without serious complications. The posterior direct decompression could be used as one of treatments for lower thoracic and lumbar fractures combined with neurologic injuries.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Decompression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Canal ; Treatment Outcome

Rib fractures are one of main causes of chest or flank pain when related to an osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). The authors investigated the incidence and risk factors of rib fracture in 284 patients with OVCF using bone scans and evaluated the feasibility as to whether bone scans could be utilized as a useful screening tool. Hot uptake lesions on ribs were found in 122 cases (43.0%). The factors analyzed were age, sex, number and locations of fractured vertebrae, BMD, and compression rates as determined using initial radiography. However, no statistical significances were found. In 16 cases (5.6%), there were concurrent multiple fractures of both the thoracic and lumbar spines not detected by single site MRI. Sixty cases (21.1%) of OVCF with the a compression rate of less than 15% could not be identified definitely by initial plain radiography, but were confirmed by bone scans. It is concluded that a bone scan has outstanding ability for the screening of rib fractures associated with OVCF. Non-adjacent multiple fractures in both thoracic and lumbar spines and fractures not identified definitely by plain radiography were detected on bone scans, which provided a means for determining management strategies and predicting prognosis.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Density ; Female ; Fractures, Compression/diagnosis/*epidemiology/radiography ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/pathology/*radiography ; Osteoporotic Fractures/diagnosis/*epidemiology/radiography ; Rib Fractures/*epidemiology ; Spine/pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Rib fractures are one of main causes of chest or flank pain when related to an osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). The authors investigated the incidence and risk factors of rib fracture in 284 patients with OVCF using bone scans and evaluated the feasibility as to whether bone scans could be utilized as a useful screening tool. Hot uptake lesions on ribs were found in 122 cases (43.0%). The factors analyzed were age, sex, number and locations of fractured vertebrae, BMD, and compression rates as determined using initial radiography. However, no statistical significances were found. In 16 cases (5.6%), there were concurrent multiple fractures of both the thoracic and lumbar spines not detected by single site MRI. Sixty cases (21.1%) of OVCF with the a compression rate of less than 15% could not be identified definitely by initial plain radiography, but were confirmed by bone scans. It is concluded that a bone scan has outstanding ability for the screening of rib fractures associated with OVCF. Non-adjacent multiple fractures in both thoracic and lumbar spines and fractures not identified definitely by plain radiography were detected on bone scans, which provided a means for determining management strategies and predicting prognosis.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Density ; Female ; Fractures, Compression/diagnosis/*epidemiology/radiography ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/pathology/*radiography ; Osteoporotic Fractures/diagnosis/*epidemiology/radiography ; Rib Fractures/*epidemiology ; Spine/pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine incidence of recompression and risk factors in the patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 179 vertebral bodies of 126 patients who underwent vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty on OVCF from January 2004 to August 2013. RESULTS: When anterior vertebral height of fractured vertebrae declined by more than 3 mm from the height immediately after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, it was judged that recompression had occurred. Recompression was observed in a total of 58 vertebrae (32.4%). Recompression occurrences were found to be decreasing significantly when fractured vertebrae were the thoracic spine. In addition, osteonecrosis occurred in the preoperative vertebrae and restoration degree of anterior vertebral height immediately after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty affected recompression occurrences significantly. The other factors (age, sex, bone mineral density, steroid medication history, follow-up duration, cement volume, vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, and approach method) were compared, but no statistical significance was found. CONCLUSION: The risk of vertebral recompression is more common, especially when osteonecrosis occurred in preoperative vertebrae or when vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty achieved remarkable restoration of anterior vertebra height. When performing vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, such conditions should be considered carefully.
Bone Density ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kyphoplasty* ; Osteonecrosis ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; Risk Factors ; Spine ; Vertebroplasty*