The trematode Paramphistomum cervi empolyed in this experiment was obtained from the reticulum of cattle slaughtered at the local abbatoir. The worms were selected and washed several times in normal sterilized saline solution. Each about ten of intact worms were incubated in 50 cc volume of special incubation flasks with incubation mixture consisting of 50 cc of Krebs-Ringer phosohate buffer (pH 7.4) to which were added universally labeled C(14)-glucose and non-radioactive carrier glucose concentration of 200 mg per cent. The worms were allowed to incubate for 3 hours in the incubator at 38 C. After incubation period, respiratory CO(2) samples from central wall of incubation flask were analysed for total CO(2) production rate and their specific activity of respiratory CO(2). Glycogen samples isolated from worms were analysed for the tissue concentration and their radioactivities in order to determine the turnover rate of glycogen pool. The glucose uptake rate was determined by analysing the difference of the glucose concentration in a medium before and after incubation period. Radioactivities of these series of experiments were counted by an endwindow Geiger-Muller counter as an infinitely thin samples. The quantitative analysis of C(14)-glucose utilized by Paramphistomum cervi was summerized as the following. The glucose uptake rate by Paramphistomum was a mean value of 2.32+/-0.27 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt. and total CO(2) production rate by the worms averaged 10.85+/-0.41 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt. The relative specific activities of respiratory CO(2) averaged 49.72+/-13.20 per cent. Thus, a mean of 49.72 per cent of total CO(2) production rate was originated from the glucose in the medium, therefore the rate of CO(2) production derived from medium glucose was mean of 5.24+/-2.16 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt. Thus, the average value of 37.46+/-5.28 per cent of glucose utilized by the worms from the medium glucose was oxidized to respiratory CO(2). The tissue concentration of Paraphismum was a mean of 41.56+/-5.82 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt or 4.16+/-0.72 per cent/g , and the turnover rate of glycogen pool yielded with a mean of 0.12+/-0.014 percent/hr or 0.06+/-0.04 mg/hr/g of wet wt. Therefore, a mean value of 16.75+/-4.84 per cent of glucose was incorporated to the glycogen. These data account for that at least 54.21 per cent of the utilized glucose by the worms participated in furnishing the oxidation into respiratory CO(2) and the synthetic process into glycogen. According to the above data of the experiment, it is suggested in the metabolic process of glucose by the Paramphistomum that the synthetic process into the glycogen is less active than the oxidative process into the resppiratory CO(2).
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Paramphistomum cervi ; autoradiography ; biochemistry ; glucose ; metabolism ; CO(2) ; glycogen

No abstract available.
Abdomen, Acute* ; Aged* ; Geriatrics* ; Humans

A total of 624 rodent of six species was examined for trematodes. Five species of trematodes were considered, of which Fibricola seoulensis sp. nov. was reported as a new species. Plagiorchis muris, Echinostoma cinetorchis and Euparyphium murinum was recorded for the first time from Korea. Descriptions are included for each species considered.
parasitology-epidemiology-helminth-trematoda ; Fibricoa seoulensis ; Plagiorchis muris ; Echinostoma cinetorchis ; Echinostoma hortense ; Euparyphium murinum ; Rattus norvegicus ; Apdemus agarius ; Rattus rattus alexandrinus ; Mus musculus yamashinai ; Mircrotus fortis pellceus ; Crocidura russula

The traffic accident was one of most common cause for the facial bone fracture. When it involved the midfacial structures, the nasal bone fracture was usually shown. If the reduction was not done in time, it would result in facial deformity. Simple case could be corrected by simple rhinoplasty. However, severe cases would require more invasive technique. We used triangular osteotomy included the nasal bones, the vomer, and the medial wall of maxilla for the correction of post-traumatic nasal deformity and reported the result with the review of literatures.
Accidents, Traffic ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Facial Bones ; Maxilla ; Nasal Bone ; Osteotomy* ; Rhinoplasty ; Vomer

Metacercariae of Microphalloides japonicus were isolated from five kinds of crab which were collected at the Delta areas of Naktong river. These metacercariae were fed to experimental animals. Some of these metacercariae were also incubated in screw cap tube at 37 C. The longevity and developmental difference between flukes grown in vivo and in vitro were described. The total number of crabs examined were 2245 and Helice tridens tridens showed highest incidence among five species of brackish water crabs. Some of these metacercariae were fed experimentally to mice and rats, and the mature worms were obtained in the host intestine 24, 48, and 72 hours after infection. The adult and larval morphology of this fluke was described. Utilizing three kinds of medium, the adult worms of Microphalloides japonicus have been successfully developed under axenic conditions in vitro. Eggs containing adult worm were obtained in all of three media, i.e., Ringer's solution, Tyrode's solution, and Serum-Tyrode (1:1) solution. The adult worms were morphologically similar to flukes grown in vivo, but there were certain degree of difference between adult flukes grown in vivo and in vitro.
parasitology ; epidemiology-helminth ; trematoda ; Microphalloides japonicus ; metacercaria ; Helice tridens tridens ; Ringer's solution ; Tyrode's solution ; Serum-Tyrode (1:1) solution

No abstract available.
Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver* ; Polycythemia Vera* ; Polycythemia*

An investigation of the helminth parasites of house rat R. norvegicus Erxl. in Seoul has been carried on four years. A total of 325 rat was examined. Ten species of helminths were considered, of which 4 species were recored for the first time from Korea. The adult worm of Capillaria hepatica, the most common parasite of house rats in Seoul, was observed experimentally, and provided a more complete description of this worm.
parasitology ; epidemiology ; helminth ; trematoda ; nematoda ; cestoda ; Echinostoma hortense ; Fibricola seoulensis ; Taenia taeniaformis, Hymenolepis nana ; Hymenolepis diminuta ; Heterakis spumosa ; Syphacia obvelata ; Nippostrongylus muris ; Trichosomoides crassicauda ; Capillaria hepatica

PURPOSE: While pediatric observation units (POU) have become a common practice in hospitals throughout developed countries, there has been no report about POUs in Korea so far. The aims of this study were to analyze our one-year's experience of the POU and to decide which disease entities are suitable for the POU. METHODS: All children admitted from March 2006 to February 2007 to the POU at the Department of Pediatrics in Our Lady of Mercy Hospital were included in this study. Data were collected from retrospective reviews of their medical records. RESULTS: There were a total of 1,076 POU admissions. Median age of patients was 2.4 years and median length of hospital stay 14.0 hours. The most common diagnoses were gastroenteritis (42.7%), pharyngotonsillitis (19.1%), bronchiolitis (7.8%), pneumonia (5.5%) and febrile seizure (5.2%). Overall, 7.5% of the POU patients required subsequent inpatient admissions due to hospital stays of longer than 48 hours. The disease entities that were most likely to require inpatient admission were pneumonia (17.0%), febrile seizure (12.5%) and asthma (11.5%). Diseases that allowed successful discharge from the POU were gastroenteritis (4.6%), upper respiratory tract infection (5.8%), such as otitis media and pharygnotonsillitis and seizure disorder (6.4%). Compared with the previous year when the POU was not in operation, there was a statistically significant reduction in the average length of hospital stays (from 4.69 to 3.75 days), as well as a rise in the bed turnover rate (from 78.8 to 98.2 patients/ bed). CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the POU is efficient for the management of children with certain acute illnesses. Based on this study, we suggest that the POU be used as a new modality which links between the outpatient, inpatient, and emergency departments in the field of pediatrics in Korea.
Asthma ; Bronchiolitis ; Child ; Day Care, Medical ; Developed Countries ; Diagnosis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Epilepsy ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Korea* ; Length of Stay ; Medical Records ; Otitis Media ; Outpatients ; Pediatrics ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures, Febrile

PURPOSE: This study compared the response evaluation using the WHO (World Health Organization) criteria for patients with breast cancer with that of the RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumor) criteria in order to determine the significance of the RECIST criteria in breast cancer. METHODS: Between 2001 and 2005, 42 patients with measurable lesions radiologically receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for a breast carcinoma were enrolled in this study. The results were compared using a kappa test as a concordance measure between the two response criteria. RESULTS: With the WHO criteria, the overall response and progression rate were 35.7% (CR 0, PR 15) and 16.6% (PD 7) respectively. On the other hand, the overall response and progression rate using the RECIST criteria were 38.0% (CR 0, PR 16) and 7% (PD 3) respectively. The kappa value as a concordance measure between two response criteria was 0.718. CONCLUSION: The RECIST criteria are comparable to the WHO criteria in evaluating the response of breast cancer patients who have undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A comparison of these results with other studies of more common tumor types supports the implementation of RECIST as the standard criteria for evaluating the treatment response but also for monitoring progression.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Drug Therapy* ; Hand ; Humans ; World Health Organization

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the mode of injury, associated lesions, time of injury, and the checking times of MRI/CT and Bone scans in multiple spine fractures SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: CT was predominantly used to discover and identify the fracture levels of the spine. However, fracture level identification in the entire spine was limited. CT, MRI and Bone scans were used for diagnosing multiple spine fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1999 and 2004, 12 patients who had more than level 3 spine fractures were studied. The mode of injury, associated lesions, time of injury, and checking times of MRI/CT and Bone scans were analyzed. RESULTS: The causes of the spinal injuries were from a fall from height, from traffic accidents and from multi-complex forced trauma in 7, 4 and 1 cases, respectively. Most cases had no severe associated lesions. The accuracy of the plain roentgenograms was 26% and that of CT was 35.3%, and the average checking time was 1.5 days. The accuracy of MRI was 100% and the average checking time was 4.3 days. The accuracy of the bone scans was 100%, and the average checking time was 11.7 days. The fracture patterns consisted of 37, 7, 3 and 3 non-compression (74%), compression (14%), burst (6%) and fracture-dislocation types (6%), respectively. The major treatment methods used with these patients were conservative. The treatment methods in 4 cases were with the use posterior instrumentation. CONCLUSIONS: MRI produced more accurate and faster results than the other methods of detection. The accuracy of the plain roentgenograms was 26%, which was relatively inaccurate. Therefore, if the patient complains of multiple back pains, the surgeon must check other diagnostic tools.
Accidents, Traffic ; Back Pain ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Injuries ; Spine* ; Young Adult*