No abstract available.
Neurofibroma*

The advent of the global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) necessitates a thorough study of the stability and transmissibility in the environment. We characterized the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in three water matrices: fresh, tap, and seawater. The minimum infective dose of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells was confirmed to be 10 3 PFU/mL. The stability of SARS-CoV-2 varied according to the water matrix: infective SARSCoV-2 was undetectable after treatment with fresh water and seawater, but remained detectable for 2 days in tap water, when starting with an initial concentration of 10 4 PFU/mL. When the starting concentration was increased to 10 5 PFU/mL, a similar trend was observed. In addition, viral RNA persisted longer than infectious virus in all water matrices. This study was conducted in stagnant water containing a significantly high titer of virus, thus, human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through the actual aquatic environment is expected to be rare.

No abstract available.
Down Syndrome* ; Humans ; Mothers*

BACKGROUND: There are many rating scales for assessment of geriatrics. But each of these scales were not sufficient to evaluate comprehensive geriatric assessment, physical and psychologic efforts for care. METHODS: We developed new scales to comprehensive geriatric assessment for care of geriatric patients. The Geriatrics Physical Support Scale(GPSS) evaluates physical effort consists of 10 areas and the Geriatrics Global Support Scale(GGSS) evaluates general condition of patients consist of 6 areas. Eighty probable and possible AD patients received the Clinical Dementia Rating Rating Scale(CDR), Korearn version of Mini-Mental State Examination(K-MMSE), Barthel Activity of Daily Living Index(B-ADL) GPSS, GGSS. We tested internal consistency, correlation among dementia rating scales. RESULTS: The GPSS correlated to CDR -0.63(p<0.01), B-ADL -0.90(p<0.01) and the GGSS correlated to CDR -0.60(p<0.01), B-ADL -0.75(p<0.01). The internal consistency were 0.69(GGSS), 0.92(GPSS). CONCLUSION: The Geriatrics Global Support Scale evaluate general condition of patients and the Geriatrics Physical Support Scale evaluate physical efforts needed for care of geriatric patients. These scales an also brief and easy rating scales to grade degree of caregiver`s burden.
Dementia ; Geriatric Assessment ; Geriatrics* ; Humans ; Physical Exertion ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Dermatomyositis*

No abstract available.
Chancre* ; Eczema* ; Nipples*

No abstract available.
Abscess ; Enterobacteriaceae* ; Wood*

No abstract available.
Abscess ; Enterobacteriaceae* ; Wood*

Giant pigmented nevus is a variety of congenital melanocytic nevi, and may be associated with various abnormalities, such as skeletal malformation, lipoma, vascular nevi, melanosis in the meninges, meningocele, and intracranial arteriovenous malformation. We report a case with congenital giant pigmented nevus and porencephaly. This association should be considered as the spectrum of neurocutaneous syndromes related to congenital giant pigmented nevus.
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations ; Lipoma ; Melanosis* ; Meninges ; Meningocele ; Neurocutaneous Syndromes ; Nevus ; Nevus, Pigmented*

BACKGROUND: Soil is one of the major habitats of fungi. Keratinophilic fungi are an important group of fungi that live in soil, some of which are potential pathogens for humans and animals. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to isolate and identify keratinophilic fungi near Korean wrestling fields, playgrounds, and beauty salons. METHODS: We visited 5 Korean wrestling fields, 15 playgrounds, and 10 beauty salons in Daegu, Korea, from July to August 2015. Soil samples were divided into 3 groups according to the distance from Korean wrestling fields, playgrounds, and beauty salons: near, 10 m, and 100 m. RESULTS: Of 185 soil samples examined, 60 (32.4%) yielded keratinophilic fungi. Specifically, of the 125 samples around Korean wrestling fields and playgrounds, isolation rates were 37.7% (17/45) at the near distance, 27.5% (11/40) at 10 m, and 0% at 100 m. Of the 60 samples around beauty salons, isolation rates were 85% (17/20) at the near distance, 75% (15/20) at 10 m, and 0% at 100 m. Near Korean wrestling fields, playgrounds, and beauty salons, Penicillium spp. were the predominant species (16.9%, 11/65), followed by Fusarium spp. (13.8%, 9/65), Purpureocillium spp. (12.3%, 8/65), Microsporum spp. (6.1%, 4/65), Chrysosporium spp. (3.1%, 2/65), and other species. CONCLUSION: In this study, isolation rates of keratinophilic fungi were higher in the soil closer to the Korean wrestling fields, playgrounds, and beauty salons. Especially near beauty salons, we found keratinophilic fungi in most soil samples. We should be aware of these results and pay attention to eliminate hair or keratins in soils.
Animals ; Arthrodermataceae ; Beauty* ; Chrysosporium ; Daegu* ; Ecosystem ; Fungi* ; Fusarium ; Hair ; Humans ; Korea ; Microsporum ; Penicillium ; Soil* ; Wrestling*