For parthenogenetic activation as a model system of nuclear transfer, microinjection and electroporation as activation treatments in bovine metaphase II oocytes were administered to each of three groups as follows: control group (treatments with Ca2+, Mg2+ -free PBS+100 micro M EGTA), IP3 group (control+25 micro M IP3) and IP3+ ryanodine group (control+25 micro M IP3+10 mM ryanodine). In experiments using microinjection, no significant differences were observed between any of the developmental stages of the electroporation experiment. For electroporation, cleavage rates were significantly higher in the IP3+ryanodine group than in the IP3 or control group (85.6% vs 73.7% or 67.6%, respectively). In the subsequent stages of embryonic development, such as morula and blastocyst formation, the IP3 and ryanodine group exhibited significantly higher rates of morula fomation than the IP3 or control groups (40.6% vs 24.2% or 16.7%, respectively). Similarly, the rate of blastocyst formation in the IP3+ryanodine group was significantly higher than the control group (16.3% vs 6.9%) but did not differ significantly from the IP3 group (16.3% vs 9.5%). In nuclear transfer, activation was performed at 30 hpm by microinjection and elecroporation with 25 micro M IP3+ 10 mM ryanodine followed by 6-DMAP treatment. No significant differences were observed at any stage of embryonic development and none of the embryos activated by electroporation reached either the morula or blastocyst stage. However, 3.8% and 1.9% of embryos activated by microinjection sucessfully developed to the morula and blastocyst stages, respectively. In conclusion, activation treatments using IP3 and ryanodine are able to support the development of bovine parthenogenetic and reconstructed embryos.
Adenine/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cattle/*embryology/physiology ; Cell Fusion ; Electroporation/veterinary ; Embryonic and Fetal Development/*drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Female ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Microinjections/veterinary ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/drug effects/growth & development ; Parthenogenesis/*drug effects ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Ryanodine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Skin/cytology

The purpose of this study was to investigate the initial tissue change, to repair on the teeth & surrounding tissue under the intrusive orthodontic forces by use of elastic chain, through the microscopic findings. For this-study, three young adult mongrel dogs were used, and were divied into three group ; the control group was deliveried only casting crown, and the experimental group I was equipped with energy chain during I week, and experimental 2 group was deliveried using energy chain during 1 week, and 3 weeks observation. All experimental groups and control groups were sacrificed to make the samples for microscopic findings on premolar teeth. All samples were examed and compared the histologic changes through the microscopic with H-E stain. The obtained results were as follows. 1. In hematoxylin-eosin stain of the control group, the periodontal ligament was constant width from apical third to cervical third of the root, and the periodontal fiber arrangement was horizontal or oblique in cervical third, oblique in middle and apical third of the root. 2. In Masson Trichrome stain of the control group, osteoblast and osteoclast appeared in cervical third of root , and bone resorption and new bone formation was observed in middle and apical third of the root. 3. In experimental 1, osteoclasts were increased highly, and hyperemia of blood vessels and new bone formation and bone resorption by reversal line in apical third of the root were seen. PDL width was increased apprarently from crest to apex of the root and more in apical third. 4. In experimental 2, osteoclasts and hyperemia of blood vessels were more increased than control material in apical third of the root. PDL width was increased more than control group in root apex, and was seen less than experimental 1. PDL arrangement was similar to experimental i and was mixed only in root apex. Therefore, in premolar intrusion of the young adult dog, there were increased osteoclast, hyperemia and dilation of blood vessel, resorption of alveolar bone and cementum, and different arrangement of PDL in initial tissue change. There was not observed complete repair after remove intrusive force.
Animals ; Bicuspid* ; Blood Vessels ; Bone Resorption ; Crowns ; Dental Cementum ; Dogs* ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis ; Periodontal Ligament ; Tooth* ; Young Adult*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cell Transplantation/trends ; Confucianism ; Graft Rejection ; Humans ; Korea ; Organ Transplantation/trends ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Transplantation, Heterologous/adverse effects/*trends

It has been emphasized that the treatment of choice for the trochanteric fracture of the femur is open reduction and rigid internal fixation. Regarding the stability of the fracture, most reports were focused on the comminution of the medial cortex, but few reports were paid attention to the additional fracture of the greater trochanter. This paper was aimed to evaluate the fragment of the greater trochanter on the maintenance of reduction. We treated 23 cases of unstable trochanteric fractures in which 16 cases were treated with Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) alone, and 7 cases were treated with DHS and additional DHS Trochanter Stabilizing Plate (TSP). We compared the two groups and the results were as follows: 1. The average lag screw slipping distance was 17.1mm in DHS Group and 10.0mm in TSP Group. 2. The average distance of lateral displacement of greater trochanter over the trochantric fractures was 11.5mm in DHS Group and no change in TSP Group. The above results suggested that the comhined use of DHS Trochanter Stabilizing Plate with Dynamic Hip Screw provided good results in the treatment of uristable intertrochanteric fractures with completely detached greater trochanter and reverse oblique fracture.
Femur* ; Hip Fractures* ; Hip*

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an inherited autosomal dominant syndrome caused by germ-line mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Clinical diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis is usually based on the presence of >100 colonic adenomas, which, if left untreated, progress to colorectal cancer, typically at age under 40 years. Attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli is a variant of familial adenomatous polyposis and also has been described as "hereditary flat adenoma syndrome". Attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli is recognized by the occurrence of <100 (> or =5 or > or =10) colonic adenomas. It is tend to be located proximal to splenic flexure and a later onset of colorectal carcinoma than familial adenomatous polyposis. PURPOSE: This study was performed to analyze the clinicopathologic features of suspicious attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli, to document the occurrence of colorectal carcinoma, and to assess the definition of attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli. METHODS: From June 1989 to June 1998, we reviewed 773 cases of colonic adenomas and compared with three groups (Group I, II, III) at Asan Medical Center. Median follow-up period was 16.4 months (range, 1 to 102 months). RESULTS: The incidence of suspicious attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli (Group II) was 4.9%. The most common symptom was anal bleeding (36.9%). Median size and number of adenomas were 1.0 cm (0.2 to 7.5 cm), 2 (1 to 43), respectively.Location of adenoma was prevalent at right colon in Group II (P<0.05). In respect to the occurrence of carcinoma in situ (CIS), it was more frequently presented in Group II (13.5%) and Group III (13.6%) whereas 4.1% in Group I (P<0.05). Recurrence rates within 12 months after polypectomy or surgery in Group II was 13.5% whereas 5.6% in Group I (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Histopathology revealed suspicious attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli with villous component to be relatively correlated with occurrence of colorectal carcinoma. In suspicious attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli (Group II), the interval of the recurrence of the polyps was shorter than the control group with right colonic predominancy. These findings might be associated with genetic codominance of APC gene or other mutator genes.
Adenoma ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli* ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Colon ; Colon, Transverse ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genes, APC ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Hemorrhage ; Incidence ; Polyps ; Recurrence

Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease has been described among current or former smokers and has features consistent with interstitial lung disease. Symptoms include cough, dyspnea on exertion. Lung pathology is characterized by the accumulation of pigmented macrophages within respiratory bronchioles and adjacent air spaces associated with mild thickening of the peribronchiolar interstitium. It must be separated from the other interstitial lung disease because of marked differences in treatment and prognosis. Recently we experienced a case of respiratory bronchiolitis -associated interstitial lung disease in a 48-year-old man. As far as we know, this is the first case in Korea.
Bronchioles ; Bronchiolitis ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial* ; Macrophages ; Middle Aged ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Smoking

Primary meningeal melanomatosis is a rare, aggressive variant of primary malignant melanoma of the central nervous system, which arises from melanocytes within the leptomeninges and carries a poor prognosis. We report a case of primary meningeal melanomatosis in a 17-year-old man, which was diagnosed with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) PET/CT, and post hoc F-18 FDG PET/MRI fusion images. Whole-body F-18 FDG PET/CT was helpful in ruling out the extracranial origin of melanoma lesions, and in assessing the therapeutic response. Post hoc PET/MRI fusion images facilitated the correlation between PET and MRI images and demonstrated the hypermetabolic lesions more accurately than the unenhanced PET/CT images. Whole body F-18 FDG PET/CT and post hoc PET/MRI images might help clinicians determine the best therapeutic strategy for patients with primary meningeal melanomatosis.
Adolescent ; Brain Neoplasms/*diagnosis/radionuclide imaging ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/diagnostic use ; Humans ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Melanoma/*diagnosis/radionuclide imaging ; Meningeal Neoplasms/*diagnosis/radionuclide imaging ; *Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography ; Radiopharmaceuticals/diagnostic use ; Whole Body Imaging

PURPOSE: The association of varicoceles and subfertility has been well documented. Although varicoceles remain the most common surgically correctable cause of male infertility the subjective diagnosis of varicocele, especially the small ones remains a challenge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 40 young men (16 volunteers, 24 varicocele patients) with scrotal blood pool scan using 99mTc RBC. RESULTS: Complete correlation between physical findings and the scrotal scan was found. The postoperative scans of 12 patients with surgically corrected high grade varicoceles demonstrated symmetrical photon accumulation in the scrotum. The technique which most accurately correlated the clinical grade was the varicocele index using total count at Valsalva maneuver. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the 99mTc RBC scrotal scan with technical refinement is a useful procedure in the objective diagnosis and followup of varicoceles.
Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infertility ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Scrotum ; Valsalva Maneuver ; Varicocele* ; Volunteers

The changes in serum levels of immunoglobulins G, M and A of dairy and beef calves of well-managed herds were monitored from birth to 14 days post partum using single radial immunodiffusion. Serum levels of all three immunoglobulin classes reached its peak at 24 hours in both groups of calves after birth, at which time there were very high levels of each immunoglobulin present. The mean IgM and IgA levels of the two groups became same at 6 days and 8 days of age, respectively but the mean IgG level of beef calves was approximately twice that of dairy calves throughout the experiment.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cattle/*immunology ; Female ; Immunodiffusion/veterinary ; Immunoglobulin A/blood ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Immunoglobulin M/blood ; Immunoglobulins/*blood ; Male ; Pregnancy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) as a carrier of the receptor-binding ligand, the receptor mediated uptake into liver and subsequent metabolism of (111) In-labeled galactosylated MoAb-chelator conjugates were investigated and compared with those of (111) In labeled MoAb. MATERIALS AND METHODS: T101 MoAb, IgG2 against human lymphocytic leukemic cell, conjugated with cyclic DTPA dianhydride (DTPA) or 2-p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-6-methyl-DTPA (1B4M) was galactosylated with 2-imino-2-methoxyethyl-1-thio-beta-D-galactose and then radiolabeled with (111) In. Biodistribution and metabolism study was performed with two (111) In-conjugates in mice and rats. RESULTS: (111) In-labeled T101 and its galactosylated conjugates were taken to the liver by the time, mostly within 10 min. However DTPA conjugate was retained longer in the liver than the 1B4M conjugate (55% vs 20% of injected dose at 44 hr). During this time, the radiometabolite of DTPA conjugate was excreted similarly into urine (24%) and feces (17%). The radiometabolite of 1B4M was excreted primarily into feces (68%) rather than urine (8%). Size exclusion HPLC analysis of the bile and supernatant of liver homogenate showed two peaks, the first (35%) with the retention time (Rt) identical to IgG and the second (65%) with Rt similar to free 111In at 3 hr post-injection for the 1B4M conjugate, indicating that the metabolite is rapidly excreted through the biliary system. In contrast to DTPA conjugate, the small (111) In-DTPA-like metabolite was the major radioindium component (90%) in the liver homogenate as early as 3 hour post-injection, but the cumulative radioindium activity in feces was only 17% at 44 hour, indicating that the metabolite from DTPA conjugate does not clear readily through the biliary tract. CONCLUSION: The galactosylation of the MoAb conjugates resulted in higher hepatocyte uptake and enhanced metabolism, compared to those without galactosylation. Metabolism of the MoAb-conjugates is different between compounds radiolabled with different chelators due to different characteristics of radiometabolites generated in the liver.
Animals ; Bile ; Biliary Tract ; Chelating Agents ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Feces ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Liver ; Metabolism* ; Mice ; Pentetic Acid ; Rats