No abstract available.
Animals ; Calcitonin* ; Female ; Osteoporosis* ; Ovariectomy* ; Rats* ; Tamoxifen*

No abstract available.
Congenital Abnormalities* ; Osteotomy*

We examined the rates of postoperative neurologic complications, as recorded in the medical record department in Severance Hospital from 1989 through 1991 for patients who had had operations on the spine. There were 538 hospitalizations for procedures on the spine; 327(60.78%) of herniated disc, 120(22.30%) of spondylolisthesis, 64(11.90%) of infection, 27(5.02%) of spinal stenosis were included. Neurologic complications oecurred in 12(2.23%) patients; 3 cases in herniated disc, 4 in spinal stenosis, 4 in spondylolisthesis, and 1 in infection. Regarding techniques of the operation, 8 complications occurred in arthrodesis, among these, 2 were in anterior approach and 6 in posterior approach. Four cases of the complications occurred in laminectomy and discectomy procedure. Complications were more frequent in the patients who had had spinal stenosis when arthrodesis was performed than decompression procedure only. Possible causes of neurologic complication were postoperative hematoma formation, translation of the vertebral column due to instability after anterior debridement and forceful traction of the nerve root during the operation.
Arthrodesis ; Debridement ; Decompression ; Diskectomy ; Hematoma ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Laminectomy ; Medical Records ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis ; Traction

The results of fifty-eight congenitally dislocated hips in fifty-four children, who were between two months and eleven years old when treatment was begun, have been reviewed. Thirteen hips were treated by closed reduction, seventeen hips by open reduction, seventeen hips by Salter's innominate osteotomy, five hips by Klisic operation, and six hips by other operations. At an average 5.1 year follow-up (range, three to twelve years), a 91% satisfactory result was obtained when treatment was started under two years of age. With preoperative traction, in the cases when the femoral head was pulled down below to the zero station, the clinical result was satisfactory in 83%. We think that the treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip should be started before two years of age and that the femoral head should be pulled down below to the zero station to prevent avascular necrosis, and to obtain a satisfactory result.
Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Dislocation, Congenital/complications/*surgery ; Human ; Infant ; Korea ; Male

Intestinal tuberculosis has been known since antiquity. After about 1950's, effective antituberculous chemotherapy and an improved standard of living resulted in a steady decline in all forms of tuberculosis. However, intestinal tuberculosis has been reported with impressive frequency in developing countries including Korea. Disease affecting the duodenum is reported to be rare and isolated duodenal tuberculosis sparing the rest of the intestine is uncommon. We experienced a case of tuberculosis of duodenal bulb associated pulmonary tuberculosis. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the histological study of the endoscopic biopsy specimen. We have confirmed the healing of the duodenal lesion by the follow-up endoscopy after 9 months treatment of antituberculous medication.
Biopsy ; Developing Countries ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Duodenum* ; Endoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Intestines ; Korea ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

Double primary cancer means that more than two cancers with different origin exist independently in an individual. The diagnosis of double primary cancer was determined by following criteria. Each of the tumors must present a definite picture of malignancy, and each must be distinct, and the probability of one being a metastasis of the other must be excluded. Small cell carcinoma has a distinct biological behavior such as, early invasion and metastasis, a rapid clinical course, and significant sensitivity to chemotherapy. Small cell carcinoma in the esophagus is relatively rare, and rarer when it is combined with other malignant disease. We have experienced a case of double primary cancer, a 70-year-old man with esophageal small cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma, which were diagnosed by gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsy. A review of the Korean medical literature failed to reveal any previously described case of esophageal small cell carcinoma with gastric adenocareinoma. We report this case with review of literatures.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Small Cell* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Chondroblastoma is a rare primary neoplasm of bone which involves the epiphysis of the long bone and develops mostly in the 2nd decade of life. We reviewed the cases of twenty patients with chondroblastoma who were treated at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine between 1969 and 1989. All patients were followed for 1 year or longer. The results were as follows. 1. The proximal end of the humerus(25%) and the proximal end of the femur(25%) were the most common sites. 2. 85% of patients were between 11 to 20 years old and male to female ratio was 3:2. 3. The most common symptom was pain and in 30% of patients it was appeared after minor trauma. 4. The average diameter of lesion is 4.2cm in its long axis and the more longer the duration, the more larger the size of lesion. 5. Involvement of the epiphyseal plate was twice as common in the patients with a closing plate as in those with an open one. 6. The most common microscopic finding was the presence of chondroblast and chondroid matrix. 7. Two patients(10%) had a local recurrence. 8. The final functional results were considered to be good in sixteen(80%) patients. 9. Accurste localization of the lesion during biopsy is very important especially in the case of deep seated lesion.
Biopsy ; Chondroblastoma ; Chondrocytes ; Epiphyses ; Female ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Male ; Recurrence

BACKGROUND: Pipecuronium bromide is a long-acting steroidal neuromuscular blocking drug. This study was designed to evaluate the neuromuscular-blocking action and the cardiovascular effects of pipecuronium in patients under O2-N2 O-enflurane anesthesia, by comparing with those of pancuronium and vecuronium. METHODS: Fifty-one adult patients (ASA class 1 or 2) were randomly received pipecuronium 0.1 mg/kg (n=17), pancuronium 0.12 mg/kg (n=17), or vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg (n=l7) as a single intravenous bolus dose. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental 5 mg/kg, followed by one of the muscle relaxants. Patients were then given O2 (2 L/min) - N2O(2 L/min)-enflurane(1.8 vol%) by face mask. Trachea was intubated, and anesthesia was maintained with O2 (2 L/min)- N2O(2 L/min)-enflurane(1-2.5 vol%) during whole study period. Neuromuscular blocking effect was assessed by response of the adductor pollicis muscle in 2Hz train-of-four(TOF) stimulation of ulnar nerve every 20 seconds. The times from administration of initial dose to loss and reappearance of four twitches to TOF were measured. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure(SAP,DAP) and heart rate(HR) were noninvasively measured. RESULTS: The onset times of pipecuronium, pancuronium, and vecuronium were 278+/-99, 268+/-67, and 208+/-56 seconds, respectively. The duration of action of pipecuronium, pancuronium, and vecuronium were 148+/-99, 145+/-35, and 52+/-12 minutes, respectively. SAP and DAP with pancuronium were significantly greater than those with pipecuronium or vecuronium I minute after the administration. No significant difference in SAP and DAP was found until 5 minutes after the administration among the agents. HR was increased significantly until 20 minutes after the administration of pancuronium. CONCLUSION: Pipecuronium is a long-acting drug suitable for longer operations in which cardiovascular stability is required.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Blood Pressure ; Heart ; Humans ; Masks ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Pancuronium* ; Pipecuronium* ; Thiopental ; Trachea ; Ulnar Nerve ; Vecuronium Bromide*

Collaboration of TLR and non-TLR pathways in innate immune cells, which acts in concert for the induction of inflammatory cytokines, can mount a specific adaptive immune response tailored to a pathogen. Here, we show that murine DC produced increased IL-23 and IL-6 when they were treated with LPS together with curdlan that activates TLR4 and dectin-1, respectively. We also found that the induction of the inflammatory cytokine production by LPS and curdlan requires activation of IKK. However, the same treatment did not induce DC to produce a sufficient amount of TGF-beta. As a result, the conditioned media from DC treated with LPS and curdlan was not able to direct CD4+ T cells to Th17 cells. Addition of TGF-beta but not IL-6 or IL-1beta was able to promote IL-17 production from CD4+ T cells. Our results showed that although signaling mediated by LPS together with curdlan is a potent stimulator of DC to secrete many pro-inflammatory cytokines, TGF-beta production is a limiting factor for promoting Th17 immunity.
Adaptive Immunity ; Cooperative Behavior ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Cytokines* ; Interleukin-17 ; Interleukin-23 ; Interleukin-6 ; T-Lymphocytes ; Th17 Cells* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta*

PURPOSE: In the present study, we aimed to determine the risk factors for the development of cystic periventricular leukomalacia (CPVL) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 309 infants weighing less than 1,500 g who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul from April 2007 to December 2012. Thirty-nine infants died within 28 days of birth. Of the remaining 270 infants, 21 with CPVL established by cranial ultrasonography, and 63 without CPVL, who were matched for gestational age, were enrolled in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses of maternal, perinatal, and neonatal risk factors for CPVL were performed through retrospective assessment of data collected from the medical records. RESULTS: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC > or =stage II: 42.9% vs. 9.5%, P=0.002), culture-proven sepsis (66.7% vs. 34.9%, P=0.021), hypotension with sepsis (33.3% vs. 6.3%, P=0.004), and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (> or =grade III: 61.9% vs. 22.2%, P=0.002) were associated with the development of CPVL on univariate analysis. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, two variables were found to be statistically significant independent risk factors: NEC (> or =stage II: adjusted OR, 5.12; 95% CI, 1.219-21.514; P=0.026) and hypotension with sepsis (adjusted OR, 8.23; 95% CI, 1.194-56.713; P=0.032). CONCLUSION: NEC (> or =stage II) and hypotension with sepsis were associated with an increased risk of developing CPVL in VLBW infants.
Academic Medical Centers ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular* ; Logistic Models ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Parturition ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Seoul ; Sepsis ; Ultrasonography