No abstract available.
Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Pregnancy*

The aim of present study was to determine the efficacy of immunotherapy with paternal lymphocytes for unexplained infertility. It has been apparent that reproductive success may be affected by the presence of abnormal autoantibodies. Unexplained infertility and repeated pregnancy wastage has been reported in the presence of abnormal autoantibodies. These data suffest that abnormal immune function may be an important pathologic entity contributing subfertility in patients with unexplained infertility. Therefore, immunotherapy may be a possible treatment modality for patients with unexplained infertility. Some investigators have reported that a proportion of infertile couples with repeatedly unsuccessful ET showed close histocompatibility similar to those of spontaneous recurrent abortion. Recently, it has been noted that immunotherapy with paternal lymphocytes achieves a high efficacy in preventing subsequent abortion in women with primary recurrent abortion of unknown cause, which was mediated by immune reaction including blocking antibody. To substantiate the hypothesis, we applied immunotherapy preceding Peritoneal Oocyte and Sperme transfer (POST) to 43 patients, 47 cycles of 82 patients, 89 cycles with at least three previous IUI failure from April, 1993 to February, 1995. There were no significant differences between treatment and control group in clinical response and hormonal response to controlled hyperstimulation. there was no significant difference between treatment and control group in pregnant rates per cycles (42.6% versus 28.6%), but a significantly lower abortion rate per pregnancy in treatment group, with 10.0% (2/20) compared with 50.03% (6/12) in control group. This study may suggest that immune therapy for patients with unexplained infertility with paternal lymphocytes might be beneficial.
Abortion, Habitual ; Abortion, Induced ; Autoantibodies ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Histocompatibility ; Humans ; Immunotherapy* ; Infertility* ; Lymphocytes* ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy ; Research Personnel ; Spermatozoa

No abstract available.

For parthenogenetic activation as a model system of nuclear transfer, microinjection and electroporation as activation treatments in bovine metaphase II oocytes were administered to each of three groups as follows: control group (treatments with Ca2+, Mg2+ -free PBS+100 micro M EGTA), IP3 group (control+25 micro M IP3) and IP3+ ryanodine group (control+25 micro M IP3+10 mM ryanodine). In experiments using microinjection, no significant differences were observed between any of the developmental stages of the electroporation experiment. For electroporation, cleavage rates were significantly higher in the IP3+ryanodine group than in the IP3 or control group (85.6% vs 73.7% or 67.6%, respectively). In the subsequent stages of embryonic development, such as morula and blastocyst formation, the IP3 and ryanodine group exhibited significantly higher rates of morula fomation than the IP3 or control groups (40.6% vs 24.2% or 16.7%, respectively). Similarly, the rate of blastocyst formation in the IP3+ryanodine group was significantly higher than the control group (16.3% vs 6.9%) but did not differ significantly from the IP3 group (16.3% vs 9.5%). In nuclear transfer, activation was performed at 30 hpm by microinjection and elecroporation with 25 micro M IP3+ 10 mM ryanodine followed by 6-DMAP treatment. No significant differences were observed at any stage of embryonic development and none of the embryos activated by electroporation reached either the morula or blastocyst stage. However, 3.8% and 1.9% of embryos activated by microinjection sucessfully developed to the morula and blastocyst stages, respectively. In conclusion, activation treatments using IP3 and ryanodine are able to support the development of bovine parthenogenetic and reconstructed embryos.
Adenine/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cattle/*embryology/physiology ; Cell Fusion ; Electroporation/veterinary ; Embryonic and Fetal Development/*drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Female ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Microinjections/veterinary ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/drug effects/growth & development ; Parthenogenesis/*drug effects ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Ryanodine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Skin/cytology

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is a hip disorder of undetermined etiology, occurring in children and charaterized by necrosis and repair of the proximal femoral epiphysis. Its etiology and treatment continue to command intense interest among orthopaedic surgeons. It is the purpose of this paper to evaluate the result of our experience in the selected patients with Legg-Calve-Parthes disease treated by innominate osteotomy, In this study, six cases of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease treated at Severance Hospital from March 1976 to November 1978 were analysed clinically, and gratifying results were obtained.
Child ; Epiphyses ; Hip ; Humans ; Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease ; Necrosis ; Osteotomy ; Surgeons

Congenital muscular torticollis is a distinct entity, in which the primary pathologic picture is limited to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Associated deformities of the face, head and cervical spine are secondary in character, resulting from an abnormal position of the head both prior and subsequent to birth. The etiology of congenital muscular torticollis is not clear yet. There are various opinions about adequate age and methods for treatment. From January 1970 to December 1984, 53 cases of congenital muscular torticollis were treated surgically at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Severance Hospital. From January 1980 to December 1984, 10S cases of congenita muscular torticollis were treated conservatively at the same hospital. Totally, 161 cases were studied and analyzed retrospectively and the results are summerized as follows: 1. Among the 161 cases, thers were 88 males and 73 females. The lesion was on the left side in 89 cases. 2. There were 85 cases of normal spontaneous vaginal delivery and 58 cases of complicated labor including 34 cases of breech delivery. 3. There were 6 cases associated with other congenital anomalies; one of them was combined with congenital subluxation of the hip joint. 4. Results of conservative physiotherapy were good under 1 year of age and results of surgical correction were good under 6 years of age. 5. The failure of conservative physiotherapy did not influence the results of surgical correction performed later. 6. The results of reoperation, when the initial surgical correction failed, were not as good. 7. Facial asymmetry correction results were especially good under 6 years of age when much growth potential remained. 8. There were no differences in results according to the various kinds of cervical braces although the results were good when the cervical brace was worn over 3 months. 9. On pathologic examination, there was no hemorrhagic reaction. The muscle was atrophied and was replaced by fibrous bands. Therefore, congemtal muscular torticollis is thought to be caused by abnormal intrauterine position rather than by birth trauma, and it is expected to get a good result by treating congenital muscular torticollis as early as possible.
Braces ; Clinical Study ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Facial Asymmetry ; Female ; Head ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Parturition ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine ; Torticollis

No abstract available.
Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using epididymal and testicular sperm in patients with azoospermia. METHODS: From March, 1993 to May, 1999, a retrospective clinical analysis was done of a total of 140 cycles in 112 patients who underwent ICSI. Subjects were divided into three group: ejaculated-ICSI group included 42 cycles in 34 patients with ejaculated sperm who underwent ICSI due to severe oligospermia and past history of failed or poor fertilization in the previous in vitro fertilization and embryo tranfer (IVF-ET) cycles, microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (MESA-ICSI) group included 50 cycles in 42 patients with congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) or unreconstructable obstructive azoospermia and testicular sperm extraction and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (TESE-ICSI) group included 48 cycles in 36 patients with no spermatozoa which can be retrieved from epididymis or non-obstructive azoospermia. RESULTS: Normal two-pronuclear fertilization rates were similar in three groups: 64.4% for ejaculated-ICSI group, 59.4% for MESA-ICSI group and 60.4% for TESE-ICSI group. The pregnancy rates were 26.2%, 26.0% and 25.0% respectively. There were no significant differences in the fertilization, cleavage, and clinical pregnancy rates among ICSI cycles using ejaculated, epididymal and testicular sperm. CONCLUSION: Epididymal and testicular sperm obtained in azoospermic patients can fertilize oocyte successfully and may lead to be similar fertilization rates and clinical pregnancy rates to ejaculated sperm.
Azoospermia ; Embryonic Structures ; Epididymis ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Male ; Oligospermia ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic* ; Sperm Retrieval ; Spermatozoa* ; Vas Deferens

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare the clinical response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) according to the size of baseline ovarian cyst. METHOD: From February 1992 to March 1999, a retrospective analysis was done of 272 cases who underwent COH using mid-luteal phase long protocol of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) for IVF-ET. These cases were divided into four group; group 1 (n=63) had cysts with mean diameters between 20.2 and 29.0 mm on their baseline ultrasound on cycle day 3, group 2 (n=57, 30.0~49.0mm), group 3 (n=68, >50.0mm) and control group (n=84). Cases were excluded according to the following criteria; pure male factor infertility, the presence of only one ovary, high CA-125 level and previous endometriosis. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between cases with baseline ovarian cyst <50.0 mm in diameter and control group in any of the parameters. However, cases with baseline ovarian cyst>50.0 mm in mean diameter needed more amount of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), showed significantly lower estradiol (E2) level, the number of follicle >15.0 mm on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration, the number of oocytes retrieved, the number of mature oocytes, and pregnancy rate compared with control group. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that cases with baseline overian cyst <50.0 mm in diameter do not adversely impact on IVF-ET outcome. However, cases with baseline ovarian cyst >50.0 mm in diameter had adverse effects on various parameters. Therefore, to improve the outcome of IVF-ET in these cases, ovarian cyst aspiration prior to initiating COH may be required.
Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Endometriosis ; Estradiol ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Infertility ; Male ; Oocytes ; Ovarian Cysts* ; Ovary ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: In these days of increasing need for medical treatment, and the trend of changing lifestyles for personal health care, the position of medical treatment has led to the increase of careful and various services to every member of the community. But the reality of medical treatment, including the present situation of the emergency room in general hospital is recognized as the cause of those dissatisfactions and complaints of both patients and their caregivers. So this study aims at contributing to the harmonious relation between doctor and patient. METHODS: This study has been carried out by the questionnaire method on the basis of the relatively reasonable 331 papers among 430 questionnaire papers of the patients and their caregivers hospitalized by way of the emergency room in Cheonju Yeong Dong Hospital from Sep. 1994 to Apr. 1995. RESULTS: Among 331 subjects of this questionnaire, there were 121 male patients(36.6%), 76 female patients(23.0%), 80 male caregivers(24.2%), 54 female caregivers. The subjects were compaced of 23 teenagers(7.8%), 74 in their twenties(22.4%), 135 in their thirties(40.8%), 52 in their fourties(15.7%), 29 in their fifties(8.8%), 12 in their sixties(3.6%), 6 in their seventies(1.8 %). Both patients and their caregivers seemed to have a great dissatisfactions and complaints, which can be extraneous to medical treatment. Many patients complained of the unbearable situations such as delayed pain control before after a first-aid treatment, as well as various poor condition of medical treatment in emergency room. Their caregives complained of the lack of a thought explanation of diagnosis and prognosis, as well as the tedious waiting time before taking medical teratment. There were many cases where the emergent patients took medical treatment with some dissatisfa'ctions and complaints of medical staffs or medical donditions. CONCLUSIONS: When using the emergency room in a general hospital, both patients and their caregivers experiance a great deal of dissatisfactions and complaints, which can be followed by a distrust of the hospital and an obstacle of medical treatment. The medical staff, such as the hospital authorities, doctors, and nurses should make various improvements upon the medical conditions of the emergency room in general hospital.
Caregivers ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Medical Staff ; Prognosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires