No abstract available.
Lower Extremity* ; Melanoma*

Galeazzis frature has been described as a fracture of the radius complicated by a dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. This fracture, with angulation of the distal radius and dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint, shows the tendency to redisplacement after reduction due to a variety of factors including the brachioradialis muscle, the pronator quadratus muscle and the thumb abductors and extensors. Because of these factors, this fracture may rarely be treated by manipulation and plaster immobilization alone. The treatment of choice for Galeazzis fracture is open reduction and internal fixation. The author reviewed the cases of 28 patients with Galeazzis fracture who had been treated at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicie from January 1978 to December 1986. This study emphasized the nature of the injury, the level of the radial fracture, treatment and results. The results were as follows ; 1. The subjects included 2 children and 26 adults. Males were affected more frequently than females, and the sex ratio was 6: 1 2. The causes of injury included car accidents in ten cases(36%), falls in eight cases(29%), injuries from machinery in five cases(18%), direct blows in four cases(14%) and explosion in one case(3%). 3. The fracture occured most often at the junction of the middle and distal thirds of the radial shaft in thirteen cases(47%), and less often in the middle third of the radial shat, eitht cases(29%). Infrequent sites of fracture included the junction of the proximal and middle thirds in four cases(14%), the distal third in two cases(7%) and the proximal third of the radius in one case(3%). 4. Twenty-two cases(78%) experienced fracture composed of only two fragmented, but six cases(22%) were multifragment fractures. The frature was oblique and in one case, spiral. In twenty-two cases, the fractures were closed and in six cases, open. Three cases of open fractures had grade III soft tissue injuries. 5. Roentgenograpghic diagnosis of the distal radioulnar joint disruption was possible in 82% of the cases. 6. Associated injuries were noted in 57% of the cases including six cases of head injuries, four cases of head injuries, two cases of injury to the lower extremities, two cases of spinal injury, one cases of a fractured humerus. 7. Conservative treatment was given in five cases and operative treatment twenty-two cases. Conservative treatment gave excellent results in one case, fair results in two cases, while operative treatment resulted in an excellent outcome in thirteen cases, a fair outcome in eight cases and poor in one case. 8. Six cases experienced complications including delayed union in two cases, subluxation of the distal radioulnar joint in two cases, ahgulation in one case and infection in one case.
Accidental Falls ; Adult ; Child ; Clinical Study ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Explosions ; Female ; Fractures, Open ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Humerus ; Immobilization ; Joints ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Radius ; Sex Ratio ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Spinal Injuries ; Thumb

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of acute administration of ethanol on production of cytokines such as IL-1j3, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-a, induction of penicillin V-induced active fatal anaphylaxis, and resistence to Salmonel/a typhimurium infection in mice. Ethanol administration into mice was performed by intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml of 20 % ethanol for 3 consecutive days before induction of cytokines with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Con A or Salmone/la injection. Serum levels of cytokines were measured by ELISA. It was found that ethanol administration significantly inhibited both the serum levels of all cytokines examined and the resistance of mice to S. typhimurium. However, ethanol administration failed to prevent penicillin-induced fatal anaphylaxis. Taken together, the present results may need new insights in the diagnosis and treatment of various immunologically-mediated diseases.
Anaphylaxis* ; Animals ; Cytokines* ; Diagnosis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Ethanol ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukins ; Mice* ; Penicillin V* ; Penicillins* ; Salmonella Infections* ; Salmonella*

Paget's disease is classified, according to location, as mammary or extramammary disease. Extramammary Paget's disease especially in the vulva is extremely rare. Several hundred cases have been described worldwide. Patients with Paget's disease of the vulva are usually white and postmenopausal. The cause of which remains elusive. A case of vulva Paget's disease is presented with brief review of literature.
Humans ; Paget Disease, Extramammary ; Vulva

The advent of the global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) necessitates a thorough study of the stability and transmissibility in the environment. We characterized the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in three water matrices: fresh, tap, and seawater. The minimum infective dose of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells was confirmed to be 10 3 PFU/mL. The stability of SARS-CoV-2 varied according to the water matrix: infective SARSCoV-2 was undetectable after treatment with fresh water and seawater, but remained detectable for 2 days in tap water, when starting with an initial concentration of 10 4 PFU/mL. When the starting concentration was increased to 10 5 PFU/mL, a similar trend was observed. In addition, viral RNA persisted longer than infectious virus in all water matrices. This study was conducted in stagnant water containing a significantly high titer of virus, thus, human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through the actual aquatic environment is expected to be rare.

The spine is the most common site of metastatic cancer in the skeletal system. Managment of the lesion site due to the relation of the spinal cord or nerve root and post-operative treatment present coplicated and difficult problems. One hundred and ninety-three cases of metastatic cancer of the spine were seen and treated during the 5 year period from January 1981 to December 1985 in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Severance Hospital Yonsei University, College of Medicine in Seoul, Korea. This study was based on the clinical symtoms, radiological studies, laboratory studies, and tissue pathology of selected cases. Most of cases were treated by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy in selected terminal cases. In cases of intractable pain and neurological deficit, surgical intervention is advocated for relief of pain and to improve nursing care and daily activity. Unfortunately in Korea most patients and families refuse surgical intervention, the main reason being that surgery can not cure the disease itself. The results of the study lead us to conclude that; The incidende of spinal metastasis was 31.8% of the metastatic lesions of all skeletal systems, and was almost equally distributed in males and females l. 14: l. The primary site of the tumor was in decreasing order lung (25.9%), breast(9.8%), cervix of the uterus(6.7%), stomach(5.7%), liver(5.3%), kidney(3.7%), thyroid(3.7%), prostate(2.6%), bladder(2.6%), rectum(2.0%), ovary(1.0%), pancreas(1.0%), skin(1.0%), colon(0.5%), larynx(0.5%), and unknown origins (27.5 %). The peak age of the patient was the 7th decade in males and the 6th decade in females. The prominent clinical symtom was diffuse back pain (79.0%) which was characteristically worse in a resting position especially at night. The most significant laboratory finding was an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase in 28% of the cases. The predilection site of metastasis was the thoraco-lumbar junction. Diagnostically a whole body bone scan was more sensitive than a plain film.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Back Pain ; Cervix Uteri ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nursing Care ; Orthopedics ; Pain, Intractable ; Pathology ; Seoul ; Spinal Cord ; Spine

BACKGROUND: Good documentation of electrical injuries at the time of presentation is very important to emergency management, so this study was designed to investigate the clinical characteristics and the outcomes of patients with electrical injury. METHODS: A review of 75 cases of electrical injuries admitted to our hospital via the emergency department over a 4 year period from 1996 to 1999 was conducted. RESULTS: There were 49 patients with high-voltage injuries and 19 patients with low-voltage injuries. All but 4 patients were males, with a mean age of 29.5 years. The most common type of injury was 14.5% TBSA in the high-voltage group and 2.5% in the low-voltage group. Forty-nine(72.1%) of the injuries were work related. The number of patient with compartment syndrome was 19, and fasciotomies were performed in all but one patient. Myoglobinuria was noted in 22 patients, but no patient developed acute renal failure due to myoglobinuria. In the high-voltage group, 10 limb amputations were performed. Complication were observed in 12 patients. The most common complication was neurological injury. The average length of hospital stay was 50.7 days in the high-voltage group and 13.8 days in the low-voltage group. The overall mortality rate was 4.3%. CONCLUSION: Prevention of electrical injuries is very important. Education and compliance with safety measures, as well as basic knowledge and precaution in dealing with electricity, are essential to avoid these injuries.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Amputation ; Burns* ; Compartment Syndromes ; Compliance ; Education ; Electricity ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Extremities ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Mortality ; Myoglobinuria

PURPOSE: To examine the effects, complications, and safeties of sclera allograft and amniotic membrane transplantation with fibrin glue as surgical treatment methods for scleromalacia. METHODS: The study included 14 eyes of 14 scleromalacia patients who needed surgical treatment. Among them, seven eyes of seven patients whose scleral defect was small (<6 mm) were operated on using only fibrin glue and no suturing, while seven eyes of seven patients whose defect was large (>6 mm) were operated on using fibrin glue and minimum suturing. Amniotic membrane transplantation was performed at the site of the conjunctival defect. RESULTS: In all of the cases, the results of grafting were successful throughout the follow-up period, which was 14.6+/-4.4 months, on average (ranging from 12 to 27 months). No particular complication was observed during the follow-up period after using fibrin glue. CONCLUSIONS: For scleromalacia patients, sclera allograft and amniotic membrane transplantation were performed using fibrin glue. The grafted sclera survived successfully, allowing this treatment modality to be considered an effective and safe option without complications.
Amnion ; Eye ; Fibrin ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Safety ; Sclera ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Transplants

In order to clarify infestation pattern for the encysted larvae of digenetic trematodes from fresh-water fishes, this survey was carried out from March to September, 1983. A total of 380 fishes of 32 species were collected with netting at the three reaches, upper, middle and lower in Mangyeong riverside area. After the fishes were dissected into small scraps, they were pressed under cover glass and examined for the presence of those of digenetic trematodes with a microscope. The results obtained were as follows: Out of a total of 380 fishes inspected, 320 fishes (84 percent) from 31 species were found positive with digenetic trematode metacercariae; more than 10 species of the metacercariae were detected in Pseudorasbora parva; Gnathopogon majimae, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Cultriculus eigenmanni and Gnathopogon coreanus (more than 8 species); Aphyocypris chinensis(8 species) and etc. respectively. Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae were found positive from 93 fishes (25 percent) from 12 species detection rates in other species of digenetic trematode metacercariae from various fishes were; Exorchis oviformis, 261 fishes (57 percent) from 28 species; Cyathocotyle orientalis, 47 fishes (12 percent) from 12 species; Metorchis orientalis, 21 fishes (6 percent) from 12 species; Metagonimus yokogawai, 164 fishes (43 percent) from 26 species; Pseudexorchis major, 71 fishes (19 percent) from 18 species; Metacercaria hasegawai, 77 fishes (20 percent) from 25 species; Centrocestus armatus, 24 fishes (6 percent) from 7 species; Echinochasmus japonicus, 2 fishes (0.5 percent) from 2 species, and unidentified species, 34 fishes (9 percent) from 15 species respectively. The sums of average number of the encysted larvae of all species found in fish body/gram showed 83 in P. parva, Cobitis taenia (74.2), A. chinensis (28.5), Pseudoperilampus uyekii (26.6), G. majimae (19.6) and etc. respectively and the average peak number of each metacercaria in fish body/gram showed 21.7 C. sinensis, 24 E. oviformis , 15.3 M. orientalis and 6.1 E. japonicus in P. parva ; 42.7 C. orientalis and 25.1 M. yokogawai in C. taenia; 8.3 C. armatus and 8.3 M. hasegawai in P. uyekii; 6.3 P. major in Carassius carassius, and 2.9 unidentified species in G. majimae respectively.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; epidemiology ; Pseudorasbora parva ; Gnathopogon majimae ; Microphysogobio yaluensis ; Cultriculus eigenmanni ; Gnathopogon coreanus ; Aphyocypris chinensis ; Cyathocotyle orientalis ; Metorchis orientalis ; Exorchis oviformis ; Metagonimus yokogawai ; Pseudexorchis major ; Metacercaria hasegawai ; Centrocestus armatus ; Echinochasmus japonicus

In an attempt to clarify the epidemiological feature of C. sinensis in Mangyeong riverside area, the prevalence of clonorchiasis, infestation rate of the cercariae in Parafossarulus manchouricus, and detection rate of the metacercariae in fresh-water fishes were investigated from March 1 to September 30, 1983 at the upper, middle and lower reaches of the river. The results obtained were summarized as follows:Detection rate of C. sinensis egg among inhabitants was 8.2 percent out of a total of 1,266 persons. but the differences in detection rates were not statistically signifcant among upper, middle and 1ower reaches. According to sex, the detection rates were 10.3 percent in male and 6.1 percent in female (p<0.05), but by age groups, increases of the rates were observed as increase in age (p<0.05). Out of a total of 380 fresh-water fishes of 32 different species, 93 fishes (25 percent) of 12 species were found positive with Clonorchis metacercariae, and there were differences in infection rates of the metacercariae among the fishes in 3 parts of the river; 11 percent in upper, 35 percent in middle, and 34 percent in lower reaches respectively. The metacercarial detection rates from various fishes were 97 percent in Pseudorasbora parva, Cultriculus eigenmanni (85 percent), Gnathopogon strigatus (67 percent), Microphysogobio yaluensis (50 percent), Gnathopogon coreanus (47 percent), Pungtungia herzi(44 percent), Abbottina rivularis (40 percent), Moroco oxycephalus (33 percent), Coreoleuciscus splendidus (32 percent), Gnathopogon majimae (26 percent), Rhodeus ocellatus (7 percent), and Aphyocypris chinensis (3 percent) respectively. Although very few P. manchouricus were collected at upper reach, 12 snails (0.7 percent) among a total of 1,713 were found infected with Clonorchis cercariae. Also the cercariae of Echinochasmus japonicus (7.99 percent), Lexogenes liberum (0.99 percent), Cyathocotyle orientalis (0.75 percent), Exorchis oviformis (0.23 percent) and Asymphylodora japonica (0.05 percent) were detected from the snails.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; clonorchiasis ; epidemiology ; Pseudorasbora parva ; Cultriculus eigenmanni ; Gnathopogon strigatus ; Microphysogobio yaluensis ; Gnathopogon coreanus ; Pungtungia herzi ; Abbottina rivularis ; Moroco oxycephalus ; Coreoleuciscus splendidus ; Gnathopogon majimae ; Rhodeus ocellatus ; Aphyocypris chinensis ; Parafossarulus manchouricus ; Echinochasmus japonicus ; Lexogenes liberum ; Cyathocotyle orientalis ; Exorchis oviformis ; Asymphylodora japonica