No abstract available.
Capillaries* ; Ischemia* ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Tourniquets*

Intrascrotal extratesticular malignancies are rare, and the radiologic findings of extraskeletal chondrosarcoma have not been reported. We describe the radiologic findings of a case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma arising from intrascrotal extratesticular soft tissue and represented by a complex, cystic, solid mass containing calcifications and hematoma.
Chondrosarcoma ; Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal* ; Hematoma ; Sarcoma

OBJECTIVE: The positive rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers differ according to age, sex, race, locality, sexual behavior, socioeconomic conditions, immunologic and genetic factors. It is a well-known fact that Korea is one of the endemic areas of HBV infection in the world. Past many reports have presented that the positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs in Korea were about 6~14% and 30~62%, respectively. However there were a few epidemiological surveys of rural communities on the positive rates of HBV markers. The present study undertook to determine the positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs in Hwasun county, a rural area of Korea. METHODS: We performed Population-based cross- sectional study by random cluster sampling of registered residents in Hwasun county. Out of the 2,920 subjects (4.1%) scheduled for the survey, 1,913 residents underwent the actual examination. We tested HBsAg and anti- HBs by reversed passive hemagglutination (RPHA) and passive hemagglutination (PHA), respectively. RESULTS: The positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs in all subjects were 5.6% and 20.8%, respectively, and those were 5.4% and 20.4% in 168 pregnant women, respectively. The positive rate of HBsAg was significantly higher in male (8.2%) than in female (4.0%) (p< 0.01). The positive rate of anti-HBs was 21.4% in female, but it was not significanly higher than in male (19.6%). There were no significant differences according to age groups in the positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs. CONCLUSION: There are no significant changes in the positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs between the present study for Hwasun county and past many reports in Korea. Although the rate of hepatitis B vaccination increased significantly, it was not effective because that the vaccinated total numbers in the rural area of Korea were probably small. So it is very important to undertake a nationwide program of hepatitis B immunization and to educate the residents in rural areas of Korea.
Continental Population Groups ; Female ; Hemagglutination ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens* ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Immunization ; Korea* ; Male ; Pregnant Women ; Rural Population ; Sexual Behavior ; Vaccination

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall rate and risk factors for the development of an incisional hernia and a parastomal hernia after colorectal surgery. METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 795 consecutive patients who underwent open colorectal surgery between 2005 and 2007 by a single surgeon. A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed. RESULTS: The overall incidence of incisional hernias was 2% (14/690). This study revealed that the cumulative incidences of incisional hernia were 1% at 12 months and 3% after 36 months. Eighty-six percent of all incisional hernias developed within 3 years after a colectomy. The overall rate of parastomal hernias in patients with a stoma was 6.7% (7/105). The incidence of parastomal hernias was significantly higher in the colostomy group than in the ileostomy group (11.9% vs. 0%; P = 0.007). Obesity, abdominal aortic aneurysm, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, serum albumin level, emergency surgery and postoperative ileus did not influence the incidence of incisional or parastomal hernias. However, the multivariate analysis revealed that female gender and wound infection were significant risk factors for the development of incisional hernias female: P = 0.009, wound infection: P = 0.041). There were no significant factors related to the development of parastomal hernias. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that most incisional hernias develop within 3 years after a colectomy. Female gender and wound infection were risk factors for the development of an incisional hernia after colorectal surgery. In contrast, no significant factors were found to be associated with the development of a parastomal hernia.
Aortic Aneurysm ; Cohort Studies ; Colectomy ; Colorectal Surgery ; Colostomy ; Emergencies ; Female ; Hernia ; Hernia, Ventral ; Humans ; Ileostomy ; Ileus ; Incidence ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Serum Albumin ; Surgical Stomas ; Wound Infection

PURPOSE: Although the measles-mumps-rubella vaccination covers most children against mumps in Korea, the development of mumps has been reported. However, the clinical manifestations of mumps orchitis in postpubertal vaccinated patients have never been investigated. Herein we report the clinical features of mumps orchitis in postpubertal vaccinated patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included a total of 62 postpubertal males who developed acute mumps orchitis from 2005 to 2010. The clinical manifestations such as the incubation period, febrile duration, and the mean duration of orchitis were retrospectively investigated. The laboratory and sonographic findings were also reviewed and compared with the features of previously reported cases of unvaccinated postpubertal mumps orchitis. RESULTS: The mean age of the 62 patients was 17.56 years (range, 15 to 29 years). All patients were serologically confirmed with acute mumps infection (positive immunoglobulin [Ig] M and negative or positive IgG). The mean incubation period was 5.39 days (range, 0 to 23 days), with a febrile duration of 1.8 days (range, 0.5 to 3 days), and a mean duration of orchitis of 4.96 days (range, 0 to 17 days). Sonography revealed unilateral orchitis in 58 patients (93.6%) and bilateral orchitis in only 6 (6.4%). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, mumps orchitis in postpubertal vaccinated patients showed a relatively shorter febrile duration. In addition, less scrotal swelling and a lower incidence of bilaterality were found upon physical examination and ultrasonography. In the future, additional long-term follow-up is needed to determine the features of mumps orchitis in postpubertal vaccinated males, and an additional booster vaccination should be considered.
Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Mumps ; Orchitis ; Physical Examination ; Retrospective Studies ; Vaccination ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanning frequently leads to the incidental discovery of bowel wall thickening. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of gastroscopy and colonoscopy in the management of patients who had incidental discovery of bowel wall thickening on MDCT. METHODS: From May 2006 to March 2008, the abdominal MDCT reports of all patients in Chungbuk National University Hospital were reviewed. Cases with any bowel thickening was selected and then patients who received gastroscopy or colonoscopy after abdominal MDCT were re-selected. RESULTS: Gastroscopy revealed abnormal findings in 22 (95.7%) out of 23 patients, and 10 patients (43.5%) had stomach cancers. Colonoscopy revealed abnormal findings in 35 (85.4%) out of 41 patients, and 12 patients (29%) had malignant tumors. In the patients who had lymph node enlargement (p<0.001), dirty fat infiltration (p=0.025), and irregular wall thickening (p<0.001) on MDCT malignancy was observed more frequently. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend gastroscopy and colonoscopy to patients who had incidentally found bowel wall thickening on MDCT, especially those with lymph node enlargement, dirty fat infiltration, and irregular wall thickening.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colonic Neoplasms/radiography ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Female ; Humans ; Intestines/cytology/*radiography ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to understand and analyse the actual education environment of the subject, life science, and how it is taught in high school, and thereby make a realistic assessment of whether a medical life science experience program is necessary. METHODS: The test method to assess the actual curriculum was developed by Life Science teachers, medical school faculty and education specialists. The subject was divided into 4 areas consisting of 6 items each. Our survey was mailed out. The analysis consisted of frequency analysis, chi-square analysis, correlation analysis, and variance analysis using SPSS 13.0 for Windows. RESULTS: Over 90% of Life Science class teachers agreed that teaching should be done through lectures and lab experiments in parallel. However, currently the class is heavily lecture-oriented due to the lack of lab facilities, the lack of budget and the difficulty of organizing lab courses. Due to the nature of the subject, lab experiments are crucial. Therefore, it is recommended that a biomedical science experience program be included in the curriculum. This program should be offered during vacation and geared toward high school freshmen and sophomore students. CONCLUSION: This research clearly showed the need to develop a high school biomedical science experience program. In order for the program to be successful, one must take into consideration the safety of experiments, the capability of the instructors, the development of a variety of experiments, the accessibility of the location of the lab, securing interest in education at a community level and the compilation of an experience program at every educational level.
Biological Science Disciplines* ; Budgets ; Curriculum ; Education* ; Humans ; Lectures ; Postal Service ; Schools, Medical ; Specialization

Melanosis ilei is an extremely rare condition in which black pigment, consisted of aluminum, magnesium, or silicon, accumulate in the terminal ileal mucosa. Medical treatment with charcoal enhances the neutralization of the toxic material and elimination of many drugs. In addition, it has been used as a traditional remedy in some oriental countries to relieve chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, or acute enterocolitis, which is made up carbon, oxygen, aluminum, magnesium, silicon, calcium, and palladium. Two patients taking the charcoal for a long time underwent a colonoscopy to evaluate chronic diarrhea or abdominal pain. The colonoscopy revealed a normal colonic mucosa and multiple geographic black-pigmented mucosal changes at the terminal ileum. Therefore, it was assumed that melanosis ilei can develop in patients with long-standing charcoal ingestion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of melanosis ilei associated with the ingestion of charcoal.
Abdominal Pain ; Aluminum ; Calcium ; Carbon ; Charcoal ; Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Diarrhea ; Eating ; Enterocolitis ; Humans ; Ileum ; Magnesium ; Melanosis ; Mucous Membrane ; Oxygen ; Palladium

BACKGROUND: The influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on weight status varies depending on the countries' levels of social and economic development. There are many studies on a risk of adolescent obesity according to familial SES in Korea. However, it is not clarified what effects familial SES has on a risk of underweight in Korean adolescents. This study investigated the distribution of weight status including obesity and underweight according to familial SES in Korean adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 63,741 adolescents who participated in the 2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Wed-based Survey. The data on height, weight, familial SES, current smoking status, current alcohol intake, physical activity, breakfast skipping, perceived stress, depressive mood, and living with family were obtained through online questionnaires. The assessment of familial SES was based on perceived household economic status and parental education level. RESULTS: In boys, low household economic status was related to a high proportion of obesity (odds ratio [OR] 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.25) and underweight (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.14–1.51). Girls with low household economic status were more likely to be obese (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.61–2.03) and overweight (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.23–1.60) but, although not statistically significant, less likely to be underweight (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.75–1.04). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that adolescents with low familial SES were at a high risk of obesity and underweight. A risk of underweight was increased in boys with low familial SES but in girls with high familial SES.
Adolescent ; Breakfast ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Economic Development ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Parents ; Pediatric Obesity ; Risk-Taking ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Social Class ; Thinness

BACKGROUND: The influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on weight status varies depending on the countries' levels of social and economic development. There are many studies on a risk of adolescent obesity according to familial SES in Korea. However, it is not clarified what effects familial SES has on a risk of underweight in Korean adolescents. This study investigated the distribution of weight status including obesity and underweight according to familial SES in Korean adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 63,741 adolescents who participated in the 2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Wed-based Survey. The data on height, weight, familial SES, current smoking status, current alcohol intake, physical activity, breakfast skipping, perceived stress, depressive mood, and living with family were obtained through online questionnaires. The assessment of familial SES was based on perceived household economic status and parental education level. RESULTS: In boys, low household economic status was related to a high proportion of obesity (odds ratio [OR] 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.25) and underweight (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.14–1.51). Girls with low household economic status were more likely to be obese (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.61–2.03) and overweight (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.23–1.60) but, although not statistically significant, less likely to be underweight (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.75–1.04). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that adolescents with low familial SES were at a high risk of obesity and underweight. A risk of underweight was increased in boys with low familial SES but in girls with high familial SES.