PURPOSE: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia has benign courses in most cases, but the possibility of toxicity of hyperbilirubinemia required courses examination of every newborn infant to identify the severity of hyperbilirubinemia progress. This study aims to see how the body surface area of newborns influences the decline rate of serum bilirubin level in conventional phototherapy. METHODS: Based on the charts of the Pediatrics Department, Dae-Dong Hospital from January 2003 to December 2006, we analyzed 168 neonates diagnosed as neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (serum bilirubin > or =15 mg/dL) in retrospective way. We excluded newborn infants under 37 weeks of gestation and under 2,500 g birth weight and classified neonates into four groups by the calculation results of body surface area:males above 75 percentile (group A), males below 25 (group B), females above 75 (group C), and females below 25 (group D). RESULTS: Out of 168 samples, the number of group A, B, C, D was 30, 20, 20, 15 respectively. In conventional phototherapy, the mean decline rates of serum bilirubin of group B and D recording 2.09 mg/dL/day and 1.77 mg/dL/day, were significantly faster than those of group A and C recording 1.63 mg/dL/day and 1.41 mg/dL/day (P<0.01). No significant differences were found in different duration of phototherapy between groups below 25 percentile and those above 75 in both genders. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, body surface area influences of infants the decline rate of serum bilirubin level in conventional phototherapy.
Bilirubin* ; Birth Weight ; Body Surface Area* ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Phototherapy* ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Child* ; Humans ; Palatine Tonsil*

Paget's disease is classified, according to location, as mammary or extramammary disease. Extramammary Paget's disease especially in the vulva is extremely rare. Several hundred cases have been described worldwide. Patients with Paget's disease of the vulva are usually white and postmenopausal. The cause of which remains elusive. A case of vulva Paget's disease is presented with brief review of literature.
Humans ; Paget Disease, Extramammary ; Vulva

Retinoblastoma is one of the primary malignant tumors which rarely undergo spontaneous regression. Survival rate from retinoblastoma is in excess of 90%, but the subsequent development of second tumor is an important factor of the long-term prognosis. The authors experienced a case of osteosarcoma developed on left distal femur in a patient of bilateral retinoblastoma which underwent spontaneous regression.
Femur ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma* ; Prognosis ; Retinoblastoma* ; Survival Rate

We analyzed retrospectively 58 patinets of retinoblastoma for the first, ocular symptoms, gender, family history, funduscopic findings, treatment modalities and results from 1987 to 1993. Fourteen patients were bilateral, forth-four were unilateral, and seventy-two eyes were affected in sum. The average of age of the patients was 25.6 months. Their first ocular symptoms were leukocoria, squint and etc. Three patients were suspected as familial type of retinoblastoma. We claasified the patients according to the affected degree of the retina;over three-fourths of the retina was affected in 34 eyes. We treated them with enucleation, radiation, chemotherapy, episcleral plaque radiotherapy, laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy. After these treatments, orbital recurrence was observed in one case and among the ten eyes treated with eye-conserving treatments, nine eyes are maintained with periodic examination under general anesthesia and the treatment of laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy until now.
Anesthesia, General ; Cryotherapy ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Orbit ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Retina ; Retinoblastoma* ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus

No abstract available.
Osteomyelitis* ; Skull Base* ; Skull*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Mitomycin C used as a combined therapy along with limbal-conjunctival autograft for primary pterygium. METHODS: Thirty eyes of 29 patients received Mitomycin C (0.02% MMC 3 minutes) with limbal-conjunctival autograft, and 30 eyes of 28 patients received limbal-conjunctival autograft alone. Recurrence and complications were evaluated in the patients at 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Mean follow-up periods were 13.4+/-2.1 and 13.9+/-2.9 months, respectively. Between the two groups, recurrence in the conjunctiva or the cornea was not observed during the follow-up period. In the Mitomycin C use group, complications included a granuloma at the donor site (1 eye, 3.3%), wound dehiscence (2 eyes, 6.7%), and subgraft hemorrhage (2 eyes, 6.7%). In comparison, in the group treated with limbal-conjunctival autograft alone, complications included granuloma at the donor site (1 eye, 3.3%), pseudopterygium at the donor site (1 eye, 3.3%), wound dehiscence (3 eyes, 10%), and subgraft hemorrhage (2 eyes, 6.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The use of Mitomycin C as an adjuvant therapy has no significant effect on the recurrence rate in primary pterygium with limbal-conjunctival autograft.
Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Eye ; Follow-Up Studies ; Granuloma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mitomycin ; Pterygium ; Recurrence ; Tissue Donors

PURPOSE: To compare central macular thickness (CMT) and visual acuity outcomes after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide or bevacizumab for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: Fifty-one patients were randomly choosen to receive an intravitreal injection of either triamcinolone acetonide or bevacizumab. Patients were retrospectively reviewed, and 28 of 51 received an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide while the remaining 23 received bevacizumab injection. All patients underwent Snellen visual acuity testing, optical coherence tomography imaging and ophthalmoscopic examination at baseline and at four weeks following the injection. RESULTS: In the triamcinolone group, CMT decreased from 656.71+/-194.37 micrometer at baseline to 312.46+/-102.14 micrometer at the four-week follow-up visit, while in the bevacizumab group, CMT decreased from 582.17+/-151.02 micrometer at baseline to 453.09+/-172.39 micrometer at the follow-up (p<0.05). The LogMAR best-corrected visual acuity converted from the Snellen visual acuity significantly improved in the triamcinolone group (from 0.89+/-0.38 to 0.67+/-0.33) compared to the bevacizumab group (from 0.79+/-0.31 to 0.70+/-0.34) [p<0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone may offer advantages over bevacizumab in the short-term management of DME, specifically with respect to improvement in CMT and visual acuity.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Macular Edema ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

PURPOSE: To compare central macular thickness (CMT) and visual acuity outcomes after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide or bevacizumab for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: Fifty-one patients were randomly choosen to receive an intravitreal injection of either triamcinolone acetonide or bevacizumab. Patients were retrospectively reviewed, and 28 of 51 received an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide while the remaining 23 received bevacizumab injection. All patients underwent Snellen visual acuity testing, optical coherence tomography imaging and ophthalmoscopic examination at baseline and at four weeks following the injection. RESULTS: In the triamcinolone group, CMT decreased from 656.71+/-194.37 micrometer at baseline to 312.46+/-102.14 micrometer at the four-week follow-up visit, while in the bevacizumab group, CMT decreased from 582.17+/-151.02 micrometer at baseline to 453.09+/-172.39 micrometer at the follow-up (p<0.05). The LogMAR best-corrected visual acuity converted from the Snellen visual acuity significantly improved in the triamcinolone group (from 0.89+/-0.38 to 0.67+/-0.33) compared to the bevacizumab group (from 0.79+/-0.31 to 0.70+/-0.34) [p<0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone may offer advantages over bevacizumab in the short-term management of DME, specifically with respect to improvement in CMT and visual acuity.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Macular Edema ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of real-time ultrasound-guided biopsy as an aid in diagnosing pleural attached lung lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a 2-year period (March 1992 through February 1994), 52 US-guided diagnostic biopsies were performed in 50 patients with peripheral lung lesions in contact with chest wall. 15 cases were performed with gun biospy and 37 cases with fine needles. Final diagnosis was confirmed by surgery and clinical follow-up. RESULTS: In 44 of 52 cases(84.6%), we obtained histologic or cytologic material by US-guided biopsy. Diagnostic accuracy and tissue type specific accuracy for malignancy were 83.9%(26/31) and 67.7% (21/31), respectively. Eighteen case% were reported to be benign and one of them was proven to be metastatic lesion. We could not find any complications such as hemoptysis or pneumothorax. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided biopsy is a simple, safe and accurate diagnostic procedure for evaluation of peripheral lung lesion attached to the pleura.
Biopsy* ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Lung* ; Needles ; Pleura ; Pneumothorax ; Thoracic Wall