The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the surface treatments of resin bases in indirect bracket bonding technique by study of shear bond strengths and failure patterns. Ninety metal brackets were bonded to the stone models of specimens involving bovine lower incisor with light-cured adhesive(Light-Bond). After removal of brackets with the resin base from the stone models, the surfaces of resin bases in thirty brackets were treated with Plastic Conditioner and the surfaces of resin bases in another thirty brackets were treated with sandblaster and the remaining thirty brackets were served as controls. All brackets were transferred to the specimens and bonded using sealant. The shear bond strength was tested on universal testing machine, and failure pattern was assessed with the adhesive remnant index(ARI). The results were as follows: 1. Surface treatments of resin bases with Plastic Conditioner or sandblasting showed statistically higher shear bond strengths than no treatment group. 2. No significant difference in shear bond strength was found between Plastic Conditioner treatment and sandblasting treatment groups. 3. No significant difference in ARI scores was found among the three groups. 4. As the result of correlation analysis between shear bond strengths and ARI scores, failure at adhesive/bracket base interface tends to increase when the shear bond strength was high, but it was not significant statistically. The above results suggest that improvement of bond strength can be obtained by surface treatment of resin base in the indirect bonding technique.
Adhesives ; Incisor ; Plastics

Congenital renal arteriovenous malformation is a rare disease. Renal arteriovenous malformations have been discovered with increasing frequency since they were first described by Varela in 1923. Patients with arteriovenous malformations may have gross hematuria, flank pain, urinary obstruction or may be asymptomatic. The diagnosis of arteriovenous malformation is usually made by renal angiogram. Treatment of arteriovenous malformation can be obtained with conservative treatment, ligation of the arterial branch, selective transcatheter embolization and surgical procedures. We experienced a case of congenital arteriovenous malformation manifested by gross hematuria and intermittent right flank pain, cured by means of transcatheter arterial embolization therapy with gelfoam and alcohol. Thus, we report a case with a brief review of literatures.
Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Diagnosis ; Flank Pain ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Hematuria* ; Humans ; Ligation ; Rare Diseases